CN102627481A - Preparation method of plant cultivation substrate and cultivation substrate prepared by such method - Google Patents
Preparation method of plant cultivation substrate and cultivation substrate prepared by such method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102627481A CN102627481A CN2012101021078A CN201210102107A CN102627481A CN 102627481 A CN102627481 A CN 102627481A CN 2012101021078 A CN2012101021078 A CN 2012101021078A CN 201210102107 A CN201210102107 A CN 201210102107A CN 102627481 A CN102627481 A CN 102627481A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the plant cultivation substrate comprises the following steps of: (1) uniformly mixing agricultural and forestry waste, a zymocyte agent, bamboo vinegar liquor and/or pyroligneous liquor and performing first fermentation treatment to prepare a first fermentation substrate; adding fermentation additives, the bamboo vinegar liquor and/or pyroligneous liquor into the first fermentation substrate and performing second fermentation treatment to obtain the plant cultivation substrate, wherein the fermentation additives are brown granulated sugar and calcium superphosphate. The plant cultivation substrate prepared by the invention has balanced nutrition, high nutrient content and stable physical property. The cultivation substrate prepared by the method has a rational nutritional structure and is convenient for plants to be absorbed; the growth requirements of the plants are met; and the survival rate and the ornamental effect for cultivation of the plants are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing of agricultural organic waste, particularly a kind of agricultural organic waste that utilizes prepares the method for culture substrate and the culture substrate of preparation.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of urban afforestation in each big city of China, the amount of agriculture and forestry organic waste material such as litter (plant litter), branch pruning thing, turf-mown thing, weeds and residual flower, corn cob, rice husk etc. is also increasing.For a long time, neat and artistic in order to pursue, this agriculture and forestry organic waste material often is regarded as municipal solid wastes, becomes the removing object of greenery patches maintenance management, the cleaning degree of litter even become the important indicator of weighing the maintenance fine level.But owing to deal with improperly, a large amount of agriculture and forestry organic waste materials does not obtain utilizing fully again, has caused the serious environmental pollution.
Compost treatment is to utilize microbial activities, by the biological chemistry treating processes of nutritive elements such as the soil ulmin of plant absorbing and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, is one of effective way of City Green utilization of waste as resource with perishable organic matter decomposition Cheng Yi in the agriculture and forestry organic waste material.Handling the city agriculture and forestry organic waste material with composting process not only can turn waste into wealth; Can also practice thrift the shared soil of garbage loading embeading; And alleviating waste incineration to atmospheric pollution, it obviously is superior to additive method and becomes the offal treatment technology that development potentiality is arranged at present most in safety and economic aspect.
China's composting technology developing history is remote, but traditional compost cycle is long, efficient is low, and the release of gases such as the volatilization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide can cause serious environmental to pollute and the nitrogen nutrient loss in the fermenting process, reduces the nutrient and the utility value of composting production.So problem demanding prompt solution mainly contains that the material degradation rate is low in the agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting process, fermentation period is long and nitrogen loss is many.Its reason is many-sided; On the one hand, owing in the composting process of aerobic fermentation, the biochemical reaction of comparatively high temps can take place; Carrying out along with the rising and the reaction of temperature; Organic quick decomposition can produce a large amount of ammonias, not only causes the loss of compost nitrogen, and can cause topsoil; Secondly, mikrobe is very responsive to the shortage of nutritive substance in the material, so; The shortage of nutritive element can make the nutrient imbalance of mikrobe environment of living in, and microbial activities is influenced with breeding, causes the compost material degradation rate low; Fermentation time prolongs, and final product quality is not high.So the nutritional condition in the environment affects the reaction to toxicants such as the high concentration organic acid that accumulates in the composting process and ammonia nitrogens of microbial growth, matrix metabolism speed and mikrobe to a great extent.Generally, usually, improve organic transformation efficiency, suppress the organic acid accumulation of composting process through replenishing fixed nitrogen and nutritive substance in the material.Simultaneously, can also shorten fermentation time, reduce volume of material, improve the efficient of compost and the energy of stability and composting process and utilize level.
The compost additive is meant in order to accelerate the compost process; Promote organism to decompose and improve the composting production quality that some materials that in compost material, add can promote the biochemical reaction process of compost; And compost played katalysis, improve the quality of composting production.
Compost additive commonly used can be divided into according to its effect: (1) nutrition regulating agent: regulate the nutrient in the compost material, quicken microbial activities, reduce fermentation period, like excrement of animals; (2) swelling agent: add the air permeability that some open-textured materials increase compost material, like waste rubber tire of sawdust, crop material, pulverizing etc.; (3) amendment: be used for the water ratio of balance compost material, like mud and the rubbish that pulverizes.Though these additives have been widely used in composting process, existing problems has to be solved: 1. some nutrition regulating agent, and like excrement of animals etc.If in use misoperation may be polluted surrounding enviroment, cause bacteria breed in the material, reduce the composting production quality; 2. some swelling agent like the waste rubber tire of pulverizing, in use runs into the compost pliotherm period very easily to decomposite toxic substance; 3. some amendment, like mud and the rubbish that pulverizes, possibly there is certain difficulty in it in transportation, if do not sterilize fully and the sterilization measure, can cause environmental pollution, and the heavy metal class material that wherein also has also can reduce the composting production quality; 4. have the incomplete shortcoming of single additive effect, same, multiple additives is mixed use also possibly have negative impact in various degree; In compost making processes, people blindly use multiple additives, think that the material that adds is many more; Fermentation period is just short more, and composting production is just good more., multiple additives is mixed use, and bad chemical reaction may take place, and produces toxic substance; The synergistic function of expection can't be reached, contaminate environment can be run counter to desire on the contrary; Increase cost, cause the composting production quality to reduce, even contain hypotoxic potentially dangerous.Therefore, press for and seek efficiently the compost additive and control composting process, reach the shortening cycle, the control stench distributes, and reduces NH
+ 4-N evaporable purpose, the quality and the quality of raising composting production satisfy the needs in the actual production.
To present composting production quality and quality is low, fermentation period is long, utilization of materials is low and nitrogen loss is many problem, the present invention can optimize the process control condition of composting process, improves microorganism active; Improve the composting substrate quality, make the agriculture and forestry organic waste material behind the compost reach the standard that requires of soilless culture substrate, partly or entirely substitute exhausted day by day peat and be used for soilless culture.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in the present agriculture and forestry organic waste material fermenting process, the problem that utilization of materials is low, fermentation period is long and nitrogen loss is many provides the preparation method of a plant cultivation matrix and the culture substrate that is prepared by this method.Culture substrate of the present invention is cheap, for agriculture and forestry organic waste material provides scientific basis in the reasonable utilization aspect the plant soil-less culturing.The present invention had both made full use of the agricultural organic waste, had saved the consumption of peat again, and the culture substrate chemical property of preparation is stable; The soda acid appropriateness; Permeability is good, and physical and chemical index all reaches the requirement of soilless culture substrate, can good and stable matrix environment be provided for plant-growth.
For realizing the object of the invention; One aspect of the present invention provides the preparation method of a plant cultivation matrix; Comprise the steps: 1) agriculture and forestry organic waste material, water, fermenting agent, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar are mixed carry out the fermentative processing first time, make first fermented substrate; Add fermenting additive, water, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar in the fermented substrate to the first time then, carry out second time fermentative processing and promptly get, wherein, said fermenting additive is brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime.
Wherein, said agriculture and forestry organic waste material is farming, woods, herd, each industry of fishing, the waste that produces in production, processing and the daily life process.
Particularly; Described agriculture and forestry organic waste material selects that branch, bark, grass bits, flower lose, fallen leaves, wheat straw, reed, Sunflower Stalk, cogongrass stem, rice straw, corn cob, corn straw; Peach-pit, almond, plum pit, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, sunflower seed shell, cotton seed hulls, oil-tea camellia husks, one or more in coconut palm chaff, the coconut husk.
Particularly, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material also comprises grain processing plant, brewery, the tankage of agricultural byproducts processing factory, process residues, like chaff skin, wheat bran, poor slag, corn cob, beanpod, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, cotton seed hulls etc.
Wherein, said agriculture and forestry organic waste material is 100 with the ratio of the weight of fermenting agent: 0.1-1 is preferably 100: 0.3-0.6.
Particularly, living bacteria count in the described fermenting agent >=200,000,000/g, the pH value is 5.5-8.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
Wherein, add said bamboo vinegar liquid of 1-2.5ml and/or wood vinegar in every 100kg (dry weight) waste in the fermentative processing process first time; Every 100kg (dry weight) waste adds said bamboo vinegar liquid of 3-12.5ml and/or wood vinegar altogether in the fermentative processing process for the second time.
Particularly, the pH value of said bamboo vinegar liquid is 2-3.2, and density is 0.9-1.5g/ml, and organic acid content is 7-11%; Content of phenolic compounds is 6-8%; The pH value of said wood vinegar is 2.5-3.5, and density is 0.8-2.0g/ml, and organic acid content is 7-13%, and content of phenolic compounds is 8-12%.
Bamboo vinegar liquid, wood vinegar are hydrophilic solution; Stronger absorption, penetrating power are arranged; It can be used as plant promoting agent, growth stimulant, fertilizer-keeping agent, soil improvement agent, soil disinfectant etc., and nontoxic, harmless, noresidue, is a kind of ideal green solvent.
Wherein, add the said brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) of 1.5-5kg altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) agriculture and forestry organic waste material in the fermentative processing process second time; Add the said superphosphate of lime of 9-30kg altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) agriculture and forestry organic waste material.
Brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.), i.e. brown sugar typically refers to the sugarcane commerieal sugar of band honey, outside multiple monose such as the glucose that is contained in the brown sugar, fructose and the polyose energy matter, also contains VITAMINs and trace element, like iron, zinc, manganese, chromium etc.
Superphosphate of lime is claimed normal superphosphate again, is called for short general calcium, is the phosphate fertilizer that directly makes with the sulfuric acid decomposing phosphate rock, grey or pearl powder (or particle).Main useful component is the hydrate Ca (H of monocalcium phosphate
2PO
4)
2H
2The phosphoric acid of O and small-amount free also contains anhydrous calciumsulphate component (useful to a lack of sulfur soil).Superphosphate of lime contains P
2O
514-20% (wherein 80-95% is water-soluble) belongs to water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer.Can directly make phosphate fertilizer, also can make the batching of compound fertilizer making.
Particularly, the C/N ratio of agriculture and forestry organic waste material is adjusted to after the 20-35, carries out said first time of fermentative processing again.
Especially, said C/N ratio is preferably 25-30.
Wherein, said first time, fermentative processing comprised as follows step in sequence:
1) C/N (C/N ratio) that regulates agriculture and forestry organic waste material is than being 20-35;
2) add fermenting agent and water, mix, make fermenting mixture for the first time, wherein, the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 60-70% for the first time;
3) fermenting mixture piles the fermentation heap body for the first time, the fermentative processing of banking up, and wherein, the temperature and the water ratio of monitor fermentation heap body carry out turning every day and handle in the fermentative processing process of banking up, and adjusting heap body water ratio is 60-70%; When heap temperature is increased to 60-70 ℃, spray first bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar to the fermentation heap body, the consumption of first bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar is for spraying 1-2.5ml for every 100kg waste;
4) be reduced to 45-55 ℃ when heap temperature, make first fermented substrate.
Particularly, the ratio of the C/N described in the step 1) is preferably 25-30; Step 2) agriculture and forestry organic waste material described in is 100 with the ratio of the weight of fermenting agent: 0.1-1 is preferably 100: 0.3-0.6; Said water ratio is 60-70%, is preferably 65%.
Especially, living bacteria count in the described fermenting agent >=200,000,000/g, the pH value is 5.5-8.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
Particularly, heap temperature described in the step 3) reaches 65 ± 2 ℃, sprays first bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar to the fermentation heap body; Temperature described in the step 4) is preferably 50 ℃.
Wherein, also comprise in bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar adding entry, carry out described sprinkling bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent after processing bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent.
Particularly, the ratio of bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar and the volume of water is 1 in bamboo vinegar liquid and/or the wood vinegar diluent: 800-2000.
Wherein, said second time, fermentative processing comprised the steps:
A) in first fermented substrate, add water, second bamboo vinegar liquid and/or second wood vinegar, first brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime, stir, process fermenting mixture for the second time;
B) fermenting mixture piles the fermentation heap body for the second time; Carry out the fermentative processing of banking up the second time; The temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body carried out turning processing in every 5-7 days, and in the heap body, add water, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar, brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime in the fermentative processing process of banking up for the second time simultaneously; Temperature until the heap body reaches 20-25 ℃, stops said fermentative processing.
Particularly, the consumption of second bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar steps A) is that every 100kg (dry weight) waste sprays 1-2.5ml; The consumption of said first brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is that every 100kg (dry weight) waste adds 0.5-1kg; The consumption of said first superphosphate of lime is that every 100kg (dry weight) waste adds 3-6kg; Said second time, the water ratio of fermenting mixture was 60-70%, was preferably 65%.
The said bamboo vinegar liquid that adds when each turning is handled particularly, step B) and/or the consumption of wood vinegar are that every 100kg waste sprays 1-2.5ml; The consumption of the said granulated sugar that adds when each turning is handled step B) is that every 100kg waste adds 0.5-1kg; The consumption of said calcium phosphate is that every 100kg waste adds 3-6kg.
Particularly, the turning number of processes is 2-4 time step B).
Particularly, the interpolation total amount of bamboo vinegar liquid described in the turning treating processes and/or wood vinegar is that every 100kg waste adds 2-10ml step B); The interpolation total amount of said brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is that every 100kg waste adds 1-4kg; The interpolation total amount of said superphosphate of lime is that every 100kg waste adds 6-24kg.
Especially, for the second time add said bamboo vinegar liquid of 3-12.5ml and/or wood vinegar altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste in the fermentative processing process; Add the said brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) of 1.5-5kg altogether; Add the said superphosphate of lime of 9-30kg altogether.
Wherein, also comprise in bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar adding entry, carry out described sprinkling bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent after processing bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent.
Particularly, the ratio of bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar and the volume of water is 1 in bamboo vinegar liquid and/or the wood vinegar diluent: 800-2000.
Fermentation materials is through 2 fermentation hot stages in the fermenting process of banking up for the inventive method, and the material degraded is complete, and the material decomposition rate is fast, has improved the utilization ratio of material.After the hot stage of first fermentative processing, add fermenting additive (brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime) in the material temperature-fall period; For the high temperature microbe in the composting fermentation process and mesophilic microorganism provide nutritive substances such as required C, N, P; The activity of microbiological degradation material is quickened with breeding, made agriculture and forestry organic waste material in composting process, reach the secondary thermophilic fermentation, the solubility and the insoluble organism that do not decompose fully behind the thermophilic fermentation are carried out Degradation and Transformation; Decomposing materials once more; Make the waste in the compost fermentation treating processes degrade more thoroughly, more abundant in nutrient is beneficial to absorption and the utilization of plant more.Fermenting additive (brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime) has synergistic function during the fermentation simultaneously, quickens the decomposition of waste, significantly shortens the compost fermentation treatment time; Tradition compost fermentation period is 2-4 a times of waste fermentation period of the present invention; And the matrix chemical property that makes after the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time is stable, the soda acid appropriateness, and permeability is good; Physical and chemical index all reaches the requirement of soilless culture substrate, can good and stable matrix environment be provided for plant-growth.
The culture substrate of the present invention's preparation has following advantage:
1, added brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime in the preparation process of culture substrate of the present invention,, optimized the envrionment conditions of composting process, accelerated the composting process, promoted becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost as fermenting additive; Ammonia to fermenting process has fixed action simultaneously, has reduced nitrogen loss, keeps nutrient content; Also regulate the content of various nutritive elements in the fermenting process in addition, regulate nutritive equilibrium in the material, improve compost quality.
2, culture substrate of the present invention prepares the fermenting additive promotion useful microbe breeding of adding in the process; Improve microflora in the material, improve and the maintenance microorganism active, reduce nitrogen loss; Improve the physicochemical property of compost finished product, improve the quality of compost material utilization ratio and composting production.
3, fermentation period is short in the preparation process of plant cultivation media of the present invention, and fermentation period is 25-30 days, and the 2-4 that traditional compost fermentation period is a waste fermentation period of the present invention doubly; Improved fermentation efficiency; Reduced compost additive cost, utilize resources synthetically is beneficial to environment protection.
4, the culture substrate physicochemical property of the inventive method preparation are stable, potential of hydrogen moderate (pH 6.37-7.21), and specific conductivity (EC value) is 0.69-0.85mS/cm, unit dry weight is 0.19-0.29g/cm
3, total porosity is 57.07-75.03%, the ventilation space reaches 8.20-24.95%; The culture substrate quality is loose, and permeability is good, and venting capability is good; The thing physical and chemical index of matrix meets the requirement of gardening plant suitable growth, and the composting production after the feasible fermentation reaches and is suitable for plant growing.
5, the culture substrate nitrogen content of the inventive method preparation is 1.85-2.36%, and phosphorus content is 0.36-1.27%, and potassium content is 0.77-0.87%; Content of humic acid is 14.88-27.74%; Organic content is 72.89-81.44%, and C/N is 20.03-22.86, and trophic structure is reasonable; Be convenient to plant absorbing, satisfy the plant-growth needs.
6, the matrix of the present invention's preparation has promoter action to plant-growth, and the plant hat width of cloth is big, and plant is high, and plant biomass accumulation value is big, and the culture substrate of the present invention's preparation meets or exceeds the quality of peat growing medium.
7, preparing method's technology of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and the product yield is high, controllable product quality, the physical and chemical index of the soilless culture substrate of preparation near in addition have be superior to peat growing medium, satisfy the requirement of soilless culture substrate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention., these embodiment are not used in restriction scope of the present invention but only limiting to the present invention is described.
The bamboo vinegar liquid that is adopted in the embodiment of the invention is available from Guilin the Nature biomaterial ltd, and the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2-3.2, and density is 0.9-1.5g/ml, and organic acid content is 7-11%; Content of phenolic compounds is 6-8%; The pH value of wood vinegar is 2.5-3.5, and density is 0.8-2.0g/ml, and organic acid content is 7-13%, and content of phenolic compounds is 8-12%; Superphosphate of lime is available from Beijing gold spring Science and Technology Ltd.; Brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is available from the biochemical limited-liability company of Guangxi wind sugar.
Embodiment 1
1, the pre-treatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
Adopt kibbler (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lord machinery Ltd) garden waste limb (limbs of prunings such as willow, Chinese scholartree, willow) to be ground into the particle of particle diameter≤1cm; Make the waste particle; Measure waste particulate organic carbon content and nitrogen content simultaneously, it is as shown in table 1 to measure the result.
Adopt nitrogen determination to measure waste particulate nitrogen content;
Adopting potassium bichromate titrimetric method---outer heating method is measured the organic carbon content in the cultivation mixed-matrix, and concrete measuring method is following: after in exsiccant hard test tube, adding air-dry cultivation mixed-matrix, add K
2Cr
2O
7Standardized solution and dense H
2SO
4, then test tube is made liquid boiling 5min in vitro under 170-180 ℃, pour out in vitro tolerantly then, carry out titration with the ferrous sulfate standardized solution, the consumption according to ferrous sulfate calculates organic carbon content.
2, preparation bamboo vinegar liquid diluent
Xiang Shuizhong adds bamboo vinegar liquid, mixes, and it is subsequent use to be mixed with the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, and wherein bamboo vinegar liquid is 1: 1000 with the ratio of the volume of water, and the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2.5, and density is 0.9g/ml; Organic acid content is 10%, and content of phenolic compounds is 6%.
3, fermentative processing for the first time
3-1) in the waste particle, add urea, regulating waste particulate C/N ratio is 25, makes the particle that ferments for the first time, wherein, adds urea 2.388kg in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
Except using urea to regulate the waste particle C/N ratio, can also use feces of livestock and poultry (like cow dung, chicken manure, horsehit etc.) to increase the nitrogen content of waste among the present invention.
3-2) fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte bent (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) and water are joined stirring and evenly mixing in the fermented abandoned composition granule; The water ratio of regulating waste is 65%; Make fermenting mixture for the first time, wherein, add 1kg fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle; Wherein, Living bacteria count >=200,000,000 in the organic waste zymophyte song/g, the pH value is 5.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
Use fermenting agent mainly to comprise tens bacterial classifications (like actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.) of four big floras such as bacterium, fungi, actinomycetes, yeast in the embodiment of the invention, have heat-resisting, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, fixed nitrogen and decomposition of cellulose function.
3-3) fermenting mixture is stacked in the fermenter (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) for the first time, the fermentative processing of carrying out banking up the first time, and the temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body.
3-4) be stacked in from fermenting mixture and begin to calculate fermentation time for the first time in the fermenter, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature raises earlier and descends then; Turning every day once makes heap body water ratio remain on 65% to heap body water spray, when heap temperature is elevated to 65 ± 2 ℃ simultaneously in the process of banking up; In the heap body, spray the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent once, when heap temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, promptly make first fermented substrate; The fermentative processing of banking up was for the first time banked up 6 days altogether; Wherein, spray 1.75L bamboo vinegar diluent in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, the amount of the bamboo vinegar liquid that adds in promptly every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle is 1.75ml.
4, fermentative processing for the second time
4-1) take out first fermented substrate and to wherein spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent; Add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime; Stir, process fermenting mixture for the second time, wherein the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 65% for the second time; The amount of spraying the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent is to spray 2.5L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), sprays the 2.5ml bamboo vinegar liquid in promptly every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Add the 0.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Add 3kg superphosphate of lime in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight);
4-2) fermenting mixture is banked up into buttress for the second time, the long 2m of heap body base portion, wide 1.5m, high 1m, the fermentative processing of carrying out banking up the second time;
4-3), the heap body begins to calculate the fermentative processing time for the second time when beginning to ferment, and monitoring heap temperature and water ratio, along with the carrying out of fermentation; Heap temperature raises earlier and descends then, when heap temperature is reduced to room temperature (25 ℃), stops the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time; Make plant cultivation media; Wherein, carried out turning processing in per 5 days, and in heap body matrix, spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, interpolation brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime simultaneously; Make heap body water ratio remain 65%, the fermentation 24 days of banking up altogether;
The turning altogether 4 times of promptly banking up for the second time in the fermenting process that is to say in the heap body spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, adds brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime respectively 4 times; And
The amount of spraying the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent during each turning is to spray 2L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Promptly every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 8L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent altogether in process is banked up in fermentation for the second time; That is to say that every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays the 8ml bamboo vinegar liquid altogether;
The addition of brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is to add the 0.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight) during each turning, promptly banks up in fermentation for the second time and has added the 2kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle in the process;
The addition of superphosphate of lime is to add 3kg superphosphate of lime in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight) during each turning, promptly banks up in fermentation for the second time and has added 12kg superphosphate of lime altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle in the process.
The plant cultivation media outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and the heap body is loose crumb structure, does not have stench, no longer attracts mosquitos and flies.The performance index of the culture substrate of preparation detect according to following method:
Unit dry weight, maximum retention ability, total porosity, ventilating slit, water holding hole adopt core cutter method to measure, and concrete measuring method is following:
It is 200cm that the air-dry culture substrate of getting present embodiment preparation is filled it up with volume
3Cutting ring, wherein the weight of cutting ring is W
0, the gross weight of culture substrate and cutting ring is W
1, then cutting ring and culture substrate are immersed in the water, to weigh behind the immersion 24h, weight is W
2, (W again weighs after the moisture in the cutting ring freely drains
3), calculate by following formula:
Unit dry weight (g/cm
3)=(w
1-w
0)/200
Maximum retention ability (g/g)=(w
3-w
1)/(w
1-w
0)
Total porosity (%)=(w
2-w
1)/200 * 100%
Ventilating slit (%)=(w
2-w
3)/200 * 100%
Water holding hole (%)=total porosity-ventilating slit
Adopt pH meter and electrical conductivity meter to measure base starting material pH value, the EC value, concrete measuring method is following:
With culture substrate and hydromining use solid-to-liquid ratio is the mixed of 1: 10 (W/V), and centrifuging behind the vibration 30min uses pH meter, electrical conductivity meter to measure pH value and EC value in the filtrating.
Adopt potassium bichromate titrimetric method to measure the total humic acid in the base starting material; Concrete measuring method is following: cook extraction agent with the trisodium phosphate basic soln; The humic acid of the base starting material that lixiviate goes out; In strongly acidic solution, can according to the consumption of SRM 935a, be calculated the content of humic acid by potassium dichromate oxidation.
Nitrogen adopts nitrogen determination to measure; Phosphorus is used H
2SO
4-H
2O
2Method disappears and boils, and molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method is measured; Potassium adopts H
2SO
4-H
2O
2Method disappears and boils, and flare photometer is measured.
Adopting potassium bichromate titrimetric method---outer heating method is measured the organic carbon content in the culture substrate, and concrete measuring method is following: after in exsiccant hard test tube, adding air-dry culture substrate, add K
2Cr
2O
7Standardized solution and dense H
2SO
4, then test tube is made liquid boiling 5min in vitro under 170-180 ℃, pour out in vitro tolerantly then, carry out titration with the ferrous sulfate standardized solution, the consumption according to ferrous sulfate calculates organic content.
The performance index detected result of plant cultivation media is like table 2, shown in 3.
Embodiment 2
1, the pre-treatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
Adopt kibbler (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lord machinery Ltd) with the garden waste (limb that willow, Chinese scholartree, willow etc. are pruned; Fallen leaves, flower lose) be ground into the particle of particle diameter≤1cm; Make the waste particle; Measure waste particulate organic carbon content and nitrogen content simultaneously, it is as shown in table 1 to measure the result.
2, preparation bamboo vinegar liquid diluent
Xiang Shuizhong adds bamboo vinegar liquid, mixes, and it is subsequent use to be mixed with the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, and wherein bamboo vinegar liquid is 1: 1000 with the ratio of the volume of water, and the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2.5, and density is 0.9g/ml; Organic acid content is 10%, and content of phenolic compounds is 6%.
3, fermentative processing for the first time
3-1) in the waste particle, add urea, regulating waste particulate C/N ratio is 27, makes the particle that ferments for the first time, wherein, adds urea 1.213kg in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
3-2) fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte bent (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) and water are joined stirring and evenly mixing in the fermented abandoned composition granule; The water ratio of regulating waste is 70%; Make the first fermentation fermenting mixture, wherein, add 0.1kg fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle; Wherein, Living bacteria count >=200,000,000 in the organic waste zymophyte song/g, the pH value is 6.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
3-3) fermenting mixture is stacked in the fermenter (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) for the first time, the fermentative processing of carrying out banking up the first time, and the temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body.
3-4) be stacked in from fermenting mixture and begin to calculate fermentation time for the first time in the fermenter, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature raises earlier and descends then; Turning every day once makes heap body water ratio remain on 70% to heap body water spray, when heap temperature is elevated to 63 ± 2 ℃ simultaneously in the process of banking up; In the heap body, spray the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent once, when heap temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, promptly make first fermented substrate; The fermentative processing of banking up was for the first time banked up 5 days altogether; Wherein, spray 2.5L bamboo vinegar diluent in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, the amount of the bamboo vinegar liquid that adds in promptly every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle is 2.5ml.
4, fermentative processing for the second time
4-1) take out first fermented substrate and to wherein spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent; Add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime; Stir, process fermenting mixture for the second time, wherein the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 70% for the second time; The amount of spraying the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent is to spray 1L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), sprays the 1ml bamboo vinegar liquid in promptly every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Add the 0.75kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Add 6kg superphosphate of lime in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
4-2) fermenting mixture is banked up into buttress for the second time, and the long 2m of heap body base portion, wide 1.5m, high 1m carry out the fermentative processing of banking up the second time.
4-3), the heap body begins to calculate the fermentative processing time for the second time when beginning to ferment, and monitoring heap temperature and water ratio, along with the carrying out of fermentation; Heap temperature raises earlier and descends then, when heap temperature is reduced to room temperature (20 ℃), stops the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time; Make plant cultivation media; Wherein, carried out turning processing in per 6 days, and in heap body matrix, spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, interpolation brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime simultaneously; Make heap body water ratio remain 70%, the fermentation 23 days of banking up altogether;
The turning altogether 3 times of promptly banking up for the second time in the fermenting process that is to say in the heap body spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, adds brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime respectively 3 times; And
The amount of spraying the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent during each turning is to spray 1L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Promptly every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 3L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent altogether in process is banked up in fermentation for the second time; That is to say that every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays the 3ml bamboo vinegar liquid altogether;
The addition of brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is to add the 1kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight) during each turning, promptly banks up in fermentation for the second time and has added the 3kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle in the process;
The addition of superphosphate of lime is to add 4.5kg superphosphate of lime in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight) during each turning, promptly banks up in fermentation for the second time and has added 13.5kg superphosphate of lime altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle in the process.
The plant cultivation media outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and the heap body is loose crumb structure, does not have stench, no longer attracts mosquitos and flies, and its performance index detected result is like table 2, shown in 3.
Embodiment 3
1, the pre-treatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) adopt kibbler (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lord machinery Ltd) agricultural wastes (corn cob, stalk) to be ground into the particle of particle diameter≤1cm; Make the waste particle; Measure waste particulate organic carbon content and nitrogen content simultaneously, it is as shown in table 1 to measure the result.
2, preparation wood vinegar diluent
Xiang Shuizhong adds wood vinegar, mixes, and it is subsequent use to be mixed with the wood vinegar diluent, and wherein wood vinegar is 1: 1000 with the ratio of the volume of water, and the pH value of wood vinegar is 3.2, and density is 1.0g/ml, and organic acid content is 7%, and content of phenolic compounds is 8%.
3, fermentative processing for the first time
3-1) in the waste particle, add urea, regulating waste particulate C/N ratio is 30, makes the particle that ferments for the first time, wherein, adds urea 0.739kg in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
3-2) fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte bent (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) and water are joined stirring and evenly mixing in the fermented abandoned composition granule; The water ratio of regulating waste is 60%; Make fermenting mixture for the first time, wherein, add 0.3kg fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle; Wherein, Living bacteria count >=200,000,000 in the organic waste zymophyte song/g, the pH value is 7.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
3-3) fermenting mixture is stacked in the fermenter (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) for the first time, the fermentative processing of carrying out banking up the first time, and the temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body.
3-4) be stacked in from fermenting mixture and begin to calculate fermentation time for the first time in the fermenter, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature raises earlier and descends then; Turning every day once makes heap body water ratio remain on 60% to heap body water spray, when heap temperature is elevated to 62 ± 2 ℃ simultaneously in the process of banking up; In the heap body, spray the wood vinegar diluent once, when heap temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, promptly make first fermented substrate; The fermentative processing of banking up was for the first time banked up 7 days altogether; Wherein, spray 1L wood vinegar diluent in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, the amount of the wood vinegar that adds in promptly every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle is 1ml.
4, fermentative processing for the second time
4-1) take out first fermented substrate and to wherein spray water and wood vinegar diluent; Add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime; Stir, process fermenting mixture for the second time, wherein the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 60% for the second time; The amount of spraying the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent is to spray 1.75L wood vinegar diluent in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), sprays the 1.75ml wood vinegar in promptly every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Add the 1kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Add 3kg superphosphate of lime in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
4-2) fermenting mixture is banked up into buttress for the second time, and the long 2m of heap body base portion, wide 1.5m, high 1m carry out the fermentative processing of banking up the second time.
4-3), the heap body begins to calculate the fermentative processing time for the second time when beginning to ferment, and monitoring heap temperature and water ratio, along with the carrying out of fermentation; Heap temperature raises earlier and descends then, when heap temperature is reduced to room temperature (25 ℃), stops the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time; Make plant cultivation media; Wherein, carried out turning processing in per 7 days, and in heap body matrix, spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, interpolation brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime simultaneously; Make heap body water ratio remain 60%, the fermentation 22 days of banking up altogether.
The turning altogether 3 times of promptly banking up for the second time in the fermenting process that is to say in the heap body spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, adds brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime respectively 3 times; And
The amount of spraying the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent during each turning is to spray 2.5L pyroligneous liquor diluent in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Promptly every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 7.5L wood vinegar diluent altogether in process is banked up in fermentation for the second time; That is to say that every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays the 7.5ml wood vinegar altogether;
The addition of brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is to add the 0.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight) during each turning, promptly banks up in fermentation for the second time and has added the 1.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle in the process;
The addition of superphosphate of lime is to add 6kg superphosphate of lime in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight) during each turning, promptly banks up in fermentation for the second time and has added 18kg superphosphate of lime altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle in the process.
The plant cultivation media outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and the heap body is loose crumb structure, does not have stench, no longer attracts mosquitos and flies, and its performance index detected result is like table 2, shown in 3.
Embodiment 4
1, the pre-treatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) adopt kibbler (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lord machinery Ltd) with the agriculture and forestry organic waste material limb (limb that willow, Chinese scholartree, willow etc. are pruned; Fallen leaves, rice husk) be ground into the particle of particle diameter≤1cm; Make the waste particle; Measure waste particulate organic carbon content and nitrogen content simultaneously, it is as shown in table 1 to measure the result.
Table 1 agriculture and forestry organic waste material particulate characteristic
| Organic carbon (%) | TN(％) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 47.61 | 0.79 |
| Embodiment 2 | 40.12 | 0.92 |
| Embodiment 3 | 38.24 | 0.93 |
| Embodiment 4 | 33.47 | 0.76 |
2, preparation bamboo vinegar liquid diluent
Xiang Shuizhong adds bamboo vinegar liquid, mixes, and it is subsequent use to be mixed with the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, and wherein bamboo vinegar liquid is 1: 1000 with the ratio of the volume of water, and the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2.5, and density is 0.9g/ml; Organic acid content is 10%, and content of phenolic compounds is 6%.
3, fermentative processing for the first time
3-1) in the waste particle, add urea, regulating waste particulate C/N ratio is 27, makes the particle that ferments for the first time, wherein, adds urea 1.028kg in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
3-2) fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte bent (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) and water are joined stirring and evenly mixing in the fermented abandoned composition granule; The water ratio of regulating waste is 65%; Make fermenting mixture for the first time, wherein, add 0.6kg fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle; Wherein, Living bacteria count >=200,000,000 in the organic waste zymophyte song/g, the pH value is 5.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
3-3) fermenting mixture is stacked in the fermenter (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) for the first time, the fermentative processing of carrying out banking up the first time, and the temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body.
3-4) be stacked in from fermenting mixture and begin to calculate fermentation time for the first time in the fermenter, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature raises earlier and descends then; Turning every day once makes heap body water ratio remain on 65% to heap body water spray, when heap temperature is elevated to 68 ± 2 ℃ simultaneously in the process of banking up; In the heap body, spray the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent once, when heap temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, promptly make first fermented substrate; The fermentative processing of banking up was for the first time banked up 6 days altogether; Wherein, spray 1.75L bamboo vinegar diluent in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, the amount of the bamboo vinegar liquid that adds in promptly every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle is 1.75ml.
4, fermentative processing for the second time
4-1) take out first fermented substrate and to wherein spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent; Add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime; Stir, process fermenting mixture for the second time, wherein the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 65% for the second time; The amount of spraying the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent is to spray 2L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), sprays the 2ml bamboo vinegar liquid in promptly every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Add the 1kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Add 6kg superphosphate of lime in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
4-2) fermenting mixture is banked up into buttress for the second time, and the long 2m of heap body base portion, wide 1.5m, high 1m carry out the fermentative processing of banking up the second time.
4-3), the heap body begins to calculate the fermentative processing time for the second time when beginning to ferment, and monitoring heap temperature and water ratio, along with the carrying out of fermentation; Heap temperature raises earlier and descends then, when heap temperature is reduced to room temperature (25 ℃), stops the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time; Make plant cultivation media; Wherein, carried out turning processing in per 6 days, and in heap body matrix, spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, interpolation brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime simultaneously; Make heap body water ratio remain 65%, the fermentation 20 days of banking up altogether.
The turning altogether 3 times of promptly banking up for the second time in the fermenting process that is to say in the heap body spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, adds brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime respectively 3 times; And
The amount of spraying the bamboo vinegar liquid diluent during each turning is to spray 1.75L bamboo leachate diluent in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight); Promptly every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 5.25L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent altogether in process is banked up in fermentation for the second time; That is to say that every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays the 5.25ml bamboo vinegar liquid altogether;
The addition of brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is to add the 0.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight) during each turning, promptly banks up in fermentation for the second time and has added the 1.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle in the process;
The addition of superphosphate of lime is to add 3kg superphosphate of lime in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight) during each turning, promptly banks up in fermentation for the second time and has added 9kg superphosphate of lime altogether in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle in the process.
The plant cultivation media outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and the heap body is loose crumb structure, does not have stench, no longer attracts mosquitos and flies, and its performance index detected result is like table 2, shown in 3.
Basic physical behavior of table 2 composting substrate and fermentation period
Detected result in the table 2 shows:
1, the inventive method prepares plant cultivation media fermentation period weak point, only needs 25-30 days, and is more over half than the cycle shortening of traditional compost fermentation; Significantly shorten the compost fermentation time; Tradition compost fermentation period is 2-4 a times of waste fermentation period of the present invention, has improved fermentation efficiency, has reduced compost additive cost; Utilize resources synthetically is beneficial to environment protection.
2, the unit dry weight of the plant cultivation media of the present invention's preparation is 0.19-0.29g/cm
3, meet the culture substrate unit weight (0.1-0.8g/cm of plant-growth
3) requirement, suitable with the unit weight of reference examples import peat growing medium, show that culture substrate of the present invention is loose, permeability is good, and fixing plant performance is good;
3, the total porosity of the culture substrate of the present invention's preparation is 57.07-75.03%, and the ventilation space reaches air permeability and the good water-retaining property that 8.20-24.95% shows soilless culture substrate of the present invention; The maximum retention ability of matrix of the present invention reaches 1.55-2.61g/g; The water holding hole reaches 46.25-50.21%; The water-retaining capacity that soilless culture substrate of the present invention is described is strong, but all sticking is equivalent to the about 1.55-2.61 of the own wt water yield doubly, can be plant competent moisture condition is provided; And can reduce the number of times that waters, water saving, streamlining management measure;
4, performance index such as the air permeability of the culture substrate of the present invention preparation, water-retentivity, unit weight all meet the requirement of plant growth medium, and its physicochemical property all approach even be superior to the import peat growing medium, satisfy the requirement of soilless culture solid substrate.
The basic chemical property of table 3 composting substrate
The detected result of table 3 shows:
1, the potential of hydrogen of the culture substrate of the present invention's preparation is weak acid to neutral, and pH is 6.37-7.21; The EC value is 0.69-0.85mS/cm, explains that cultivation solid substrate of the present invention can provide stable matrix growing environment for plant, and plant is caused the toxicological harmless effect, and the nutritive medium that puts on plant is had no adverse effects, and does not influence the balance of nutritive medium.
2, in the soilless culture substrate of the present invention, nitrogen content is 1.85-2.36%, and phosphorus content is 0.36-1.27%; Potassium content is 0.77-0.87%, and content of humic acid is 14.88-27.74%, and organic content is 72.89-81.44%; C/N is 20.03-22.86, and the trophic structure of culture substrate is reasonable, is convenient to plant absorbing; For plant-growth provides the sufficient nutrient element, satisfy the plant-growth needs.
3, the culture substrate quality of the present invention preparation has reached the quality of import peat growing medium, can import substitutes, practiced thrift expense greatly.
Reference examples 1
Except not adding brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and the superphosphate of lime in the fermentative processing process second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation is like table 2, shown in 3.
Reference examples 2
Except not adding the brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in the fermentative processing process second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation is like table 2, shown in 3.
Reference examples 3
Except not adding the superphosphate of lime in the fermentative processing process second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation is like table 2, shown in 3.
Reference examples 4
Except not adding brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and the superphosphate of lime in the fermentative processing process second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 4.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation is like table 2, shown in 3.
Reference examples 5
Except not adding the brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in the fermentative processing process second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 4.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation is like table 2, shown in 3.
Reference examples 6
Except not adding the superphosphate of lime in the fermentative processing process second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 4.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation is like table 2, shown in 3.
Reference examples 7
With Denmark Pin Shi (Pindstrup) peat is reference examples 7, and substrate performance index detected result is like table 2, shown in 3.
The pot experiment of the Test Example 1 red palm
In Beijing Daxing flowers company red palm cultivation greenhouse, adopt the Pin Shi peat growing medium of culture substrate that embodiment of the invention 1-4 and reference examples 1-6 prepare and reference examples 7 to carry out the pot experiment of the red palm respectively.Full-automatic temperature-controlling, ventilation facility can guarantee at duration of test in the greenhouse, for supplying the examination material a metastable suitable growth environment are provided.
Choose the about 15cm of plant height; The leaf growth stalwartness is consistent, root system is complete, the red palm (Anthurium scherzerianum) seedling of no disease and pest, places in the plastic flowerpot of 180mm * 160mm, carries out pot experiment; Each culture substrate is a processing; 60 repetitions are carried out in each processing, and promptly each culture substrate is cultivated the red palm of 60 strains, and potted plant adopts completely random to put.Except that culture substrate, other envrionment conditions and cultivation management measure all are consistent.Behind the last basin about 180 days; The red palm all reaches the most productive period of nourishing and growing; Each is handled picked at random 10 strains, plant is taken out clean, measure growth indexes; Measure and total fresh weight of record plant, plant height, always be preced with the width of cloth, root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, spend that number, oven dry root are heavy, oven dry Ye Chong etc., measure the result respectively shown in table 4-6.
1, matrix is to the influence of red palm aerial growth situation
Table 4 different substrates is handled red palm plant height, always is preced with the width of cloth and spent several influences
2, matrix is to the influence of red palm living weight
Table 5 different substrates is handled the variation to red palm living weight
Table 6 different substrates is handled the variation to red palm living weight
Test-results shows:
1) the red palm shoot and leaf growth that the plant cultivation media that adopts the present invention to prepare is planted is sturdy, and the number of blooming is many, and leaf color is dark green, and pattern is bright-coloured, and exterior quality is good.
2) utilize the culture substrate of the inventive method preparation to cultivate the red palm, matrix is remarkable to the promoter action of plant strain growth, the plant strain growth later stage; The hat width of cloth is big, and plant is high, and the plant biomass accumulation is high; Underground part dry-matter accumulation amount reaches the 41.082-49.034g/ strain; Over-ground part dry-matter accumulation amount reaches the 49.855-57.395g/ strain, and the accumulation of living weight is higher than the peat growing medium of import, and the culture substrate of the inventive method preparation has reached the peat growing medium quality; Therefore can substitute peat growing medium, lower the expense of culture substrate greatly.
3) use the culture substrate of the inventive method preparation to carry out red palm cultivation; The plant height of plant, always be preced with the width of cloth, spend number, plant biology accumulation compare with reference examples and all have significant difference, it is that corresponding reference examples plant height increases the high 6-8 of per-cent doubly that the plant height of the plant that culture substrate of the present invention is cultivated increases per-cent; It is that corresponding reference examples always is preced with the high 4-8 of width of cloth increase per-cent doubly that plant always is preced with width of cloth increase per-cent; Plant dry matter accumulation total amount increase per-cent is that the dry-matter accumulation total amount of corresponding reference examples increases the high 2-4 of per-cent doubly.The culture substrate that the inventive method preparation is described can obviously promote the red palm growth of plant, shows to add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime have synergy to the degraded of agriculture and forestry organic waste material effect in the inventive method.
The pot experiment of Test Example 2 Calathea orbifolias
In Beijing Daxing flowers company Calathea orbifolia cultivation greenhouse, adopt the Pin Shi peat growing medium of culture substrate that embodiment of the invention 1-4 and reference examples 1-6 prepare and reference examples 7 to carry out the pot experiment of Calathea orbifolia respectively.Full-automatic temperature-controlling, ventilation facility can guarantee at duration of test in the greenhouse, for supplying the examination material a metastable suitable growth environment are provided.
Choose the about 15cm of plant height; The leaf growth stalwartness is consistent, root system is complete, Calathea orbifolia (the Calathca rotundifola cv.Fasciata.) seedling of no disease and pest, places in the plastic flowerpot of 180mm * 160mm, carries out pot experiment; Each culture substrate is a processing; 60 repetitions are carried out in each processing, and promptly each culture substrate is cultivated 60 strain Calathea orbifolias, and potted plant adopts completely random to put.Except that culture substrate, other envrionment conditions and cultivation management measure all are consistent.Behind the last basin about 180 days; Calathea orbifolia all reaches the most productive period of nourishing and growing; Each is handled picked at random 10 strains, plant is taken out clean, measure growth indexes; Measure and total fresh weight of record plant, plant height, always be preced with the width of cloth, root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, send out a branch number (leaf is long＞10cm), heavy, the oven dry Ye Chong of oven dry root etc., measure the result respectively shown in table 7-9.
1, matrix is to the influence of Calathea orbifolia aerial growth situation
Table 7 different substrates handles the Calathea orbifolia plant height, always be preced with the width of cloth and send out the influence of branch number
2, matrix is to the influence of Calathea orbifolia living weight
Table 8 different substrates is handled the variation to the Calathea orbifolia living weight
Table 9 different substrates is handled the variation to the Calathea orbifolia living weight
Test-results shows:
1) the arrowroot shoot and leaf growth that the plant cultivation media that adopts the present invention to prepare is planted is sturdy, and it is many to send out the branch number, and color and luster is dark green, and exterior quality is good.
2) utilize the culture substrate of the inventive method preparation to cultivate Calathea orbifolia, matrix is remarkable to the promoter action of plant strain growth, the plant strain growth later stage; The hat width of cloth is big, and plant is high, and the plant biomass accumulation is high; The root dry weight accumulation volume reaches the 44.140-52.381g/ strain; The leaf dry weight accumulation volume reaches the 46.922-58.417g/ strain, and the accumulation of living weight is higher than the peat growing medium of import, and the culture substrate of the inventive method preparation has reached the peat growing medium quality; Therefore can substitute peat growing medium, lower the expense of culture substrate greatly.
3) use the culture substrate of the inventive method preparation to carry out the arrowroot cultivation; The plant height of plant, always be preced with the width of cloth, send out a branch number, plant biology accumulation compare with reference examples and all have significant difference, it is that corresponding reference examples plant height increases the high 6-10 of per-cent doubly that the plant height of the arrowroot that culture substrate of the present invention is cultivated increases per-cent; It is that corresponding reference examples always is preced with the high 4-13 of width of cloth increase per-cent doubly that plant always is preced with width of cloth increase per-cent; Plant dry matter accumulation total amount increase per-cent is that the dry-matter accumulation total amount of corresponding reference examples increases the high 2-5 of per-cent doubly.The culture substrate that the inventive method preparation is described can obviously promote the growth of plant arrowroot, shows to add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime have synergy to the degraded of agriculture and forestry organic waste material effect in the inventive method.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a plant cultivation matrix comprises the steps: at first agriculture and forestry organic waste material, water, fermenting agent, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar to be mixed to carry out the fermentative processing first time, makes first fermented substrate; Add fermenting additive, water, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar in the fermented substrate to the first time then, carry out second time fermentative processing and promptly get, wherein, said fermenting additive is brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and superphosphate of lime.
2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the said agriculture and forestry organic waste material and the ratio of the weight of fermenting agent are 100: 0.1-1.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 preparation method is characterized in that the consumption of bamboo vinegar liquid described in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material in said first time of the fermentative processing process and/or wood vinegar is 1-2.5ml.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 preparation method is characterized in that the consumption of bamboo vinegar liquid described in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material in said second time of the fermentative processing process and/or wood vinegar is 3-12.5ml.
5. according to claim 1 or claim 2 preparation method is characterized in that adding the said brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) of 1.5-5kg in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material in said second time of the fermentative processing process.
6. according to claim 1 or claim 2 preparation method is characterized in that adding the said superphosphate of lime of 9-30kg in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material in said second time of the fermentative processing process.
7. according to claim 1 or claim 2 preparation method is characterized in that the C/N ratio with agriculture and forestry organic waste material is adjusted to after the 20-35, carries out said first time of fermentative processing again.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that said C/N ratio is 25-30.
9. according to claim 1 or claim 2 preparation method is characterized in that water ratio is 60-70% in said second time of the fermentative processing process.
10. a plant cultivation matrix is characterized in that according to being prepared from like the arbitrary said method of claim 1-9.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103848701A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-11 | 北京林业大学 | Preparation method of soilless plant cultivation substrate and substrate prepared by method |
| CN103880556A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 西藏华之源生态科技有限公司 | Method for preparing plant-based plant growth regulator |
| CN104087527A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-08 | 沈阳壅源生物有机肥有限公司 | Bacillus thuringiensis, preparation method for solid medium of Bacillus thuringiensis, and application of Bacillus thuringiensis |
| CN106167430A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-11-30 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of method utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare plant cultivation media and the cultivation matrix of preparation |
| CN107162714A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-09-15 | 安徽优科生态农业有限公司 | A kind of pepper cultivation matrix of root system maintenance |
| CN107581023A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-16 | 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN108794107A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-11-13 | 河北龙庆生物科技有限公司 | A kind of roof greening plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof |
| CN109906913A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-06-21 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | Rhododendron hybridun cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN110089392A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | 北京农学院 | A kind of plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof for roof greening |
| CN110432082A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-11-12 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | A kind of research method using garden waste compost to rye grass without native Cheng Ping |
| CN111699942A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-25 | 宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所（宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心） | Formula and preparation method of watermelon nutrient soil cultivation matrix block |
| CN114130792A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-04 | 北京如景生态园林绿化有限公司 | On-site resource utilization method for agricultural and forestry garbage |
| US11299700B1 (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-04-12 | Acequia Biotechnology, Llc | Bioreactor containers and methods of growing hairy roots using the same |
| CN115517132A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2022-12-27 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Camellia oleifera and Thelephora angustifolia medium for culturing medicinal fungi |
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| CN103848701B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-11 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of preparation method of soilless plant cultivation matrix and the matrix prepared by the method |
| CN103848701A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-11 | 北京林业大学 | Preparation method of soilless plant cultivation substrate and substrate prepared by method |
| CN103880556A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 西藏华之源生态科技有限公司 | Method for preparing plant-based plant growth regulator |
| CN104087527A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-08 | 沈阳壅源生物有机肥有限公司 | Bacillus thuringiensis, preparation method for solid medium of Bacillus thuringiensis, and application of Bacillus thuringiensis |
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| CN110089392A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | 北京农学院 | A kind of plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof for roof greening |
| CN108794107A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-11-13 | 河北龙庆生物科技有限公司 | A kind of roof greening plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof |
| CN109906913A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-06-21 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | Rhododendron hybridun cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN110432082A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-11-12 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | A kind of research method using garden waste compost to rye grass without native Cheng Ping |
| CN111699942A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-25 | 宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所（宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心） | Formula and preparation method of watermelon nutrient soil cultivation matrix block |
| CN111699942B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2022-06-21 | 宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所（宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心） | Formula and preparation method of watermelon nutrient soil cultivation matrix block |
| CN115053787A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2022-09-16 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Formula and preparation method of nutrient soil cultivation matrix block |
| US11299700B1 (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-04-12 | Acequia Biotechnology, Llc | Bioreactor containers and methods of growing hairy roots using the same |
| CN114130792A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-04 | 北京如景生态园林绿化有限公司 | On-site resource utilization method for agricultural and forestry garbage |
| CN115517132A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2022-12-27 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Camellia oleifera and Thelephora angustifolia medium for culturing medicinal fungi |
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