CN102627481B - Preparation method of plant cultivation substrate and cultivation substrate prepared by such method - Google Patents
Preparation method of plant cultivation substrate and cultivation substrate prepared by such method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102627481B CN102627481B CN201210102107.8A CN201210102107A CN102627481B CN 102627481 B CN102627481 B CN 102627481B CN 201210102107 A CN201210102107 A CN 201210102107A CN 102627481 B CN102627481 B CN 102627481B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the plant cultivation substrate comprises the following steps of: (1) uniformly mixing agricultural and forestry waste, a zymocyte agent, bamboo vinegar liquor and/or pyroligneous liquor and performing first fermentation treatment to prepare a first fermentation substrate; adding fermentation additives, the bamboo vinegar liquor and/or pyroligneous liquor into the first fermentation substrate and performing second fermentation treatment to obtain the plant cultivation substrate, wherein the fermentation additives are brown granulated sugar and calcium superphosphate. The plant cultivation substrate prepared by the invention has balanced nutrition, high nutrient content and stable physical property. The cultivation substrate prepared by the method has a rational nutritional structure and is convenient for plants to be absorbed; the growth requirements of the plants are met; and the survival rate and the ornamental effect for cultivation of the plants are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing of agricultural organic waste, particularly a kind of agricultural organic waste that utilizes is prepared the method for cultivation matrix and the cultivation matrix of preparation.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of urban afforestation in the each big city of China, agriculture and forestry organic waste material is as also increasing in the amount of dry branches and fallen leaves (Litter), branch pruning thing, turf-mown thing, weeds and residual flower, corn cob, rice husk etc.For a long time, neat and artistic in order to pursue, this agriculture and forestry organic waste material is often regarded as municipal solid wastes, becomes the removing object of greenery patches maintenance management, and the cleaning degree of dry branches and fallen leaves even becomes the important indicator of weighing maintenance fine level.But owing to dealing with improperly, a large amount of agriculture and forestry organic waste materials are not recycled fully, have caused serious environmental pollution.
Compost treatment is to utilize microbial activities, by the biological chemistry treating processes of the nutritive elements such as the soil ulmin that in agriculture and forestry organic waste material, perishable organic matter decomposition Cheng Yi is absorbed by plants and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, is one of effective way of City Green utilization of waste as resource.Processing city agriculture and forestry organic waste material by composting process not only can turn waste into wealth, can also save the shared soil of garbage loading embeading, and alleviating the pollution of waste incineration to atmosphere, it is obviously better than additive method and becomes the Waste Disposal Technology that has development potentiality at present most in safety and economic aspect.
China's composting technology developing history is remote, but traditional compost cycle is long, efficiency is low, and in fermenting process, the release of the gas such as volatilization and hydrogen sulfide of ammonia can cause serious environmental pollution and nitrogen nutrient loss, reduces nutrient and the utility value of composting production.So in agriculture and forestry organic waste material composting process, problem demanding prompt solution mainly contains that material degradation rate is low, fermentation period is long and nitrogen loss is many.Its reason is many-sided, on the one hand, due in the composting process of aerobic fermentation, can there is the biochemical reaction of comparatively high temps, along with the carrying out of rising and the reaction of temperature, organic fast decoupled can produce a large amount of ammonias, not only causes the loss of compost nitrogen, and can cause topsoil; Secondly, microorganism is very responsive to the shortage of nutritive substance in material, so, the shortage of nutritive element can make the nutrient imbalance of microorganism environment of living in, and microbial activities and breeding are influenced, cause compost material degradation rate low, fermentation time extends, and final product quality is not high.So the nutritional condition in environment affects the reaction to the toxicant such as high density organic acid and ammonia nitrogen accumulating in composting process of microbial growth, matrix metabolism speed and microorganism to a great extent.Generally, usually, by supplementing fixed nitrogen and nutritive substance in material, improve organic transformation efficiency, suppress the Accumulation of Organic Acids of composting process.Meanwhile, can also shorten fermentation time, reduce volume of material, improve the efficiency of compost and the energy of stability and composting process and utilize level.
Compost additive refers in order to accelerate compost process, promote organic substance decomposing and improve composting production quality that some materials that add can promote the biochemical reaction process of compost in compost material, and compost is played to katalysis, improve the quality of composting production.
Conventional compost additive can be divided into according to its effect: (1) nutrition regulating agent: regulate the nutrient in compost material, accelerate microbial activities, reduce fermentation period, as excrement of animals; (2) swelling agent: add some open-textured materials to increase the air permeability of compost material, as waste rubber tire of sawdust, crop material, pulverizing etc.; (3) amendment: for the water ratio of balance compost material, as mud and the rubbish pulverizing.Although these additives have been widely used in composting process, existing problems has to be solved: 1. some nutrition regulating agent, and as excrement of animals etc.If in use misoperation, may pollute surrounding enviroment, cause bacteria breed in material, reduce composting production quality; 2. some swelling agent, as the waste rubber tire of pulverizing, in use runs into the compost pliotherm period very easily to decomposite toxic substance; 3. some amendment, as mud and the rubbish pulverizing, may there is certain difficulty in it in transportation, if do not carry out sterilization and sterilization measure fully, can cause environmental pollution, and the heavy metal class material wherein also having also can reduce composting production quality; 4. have the single incomplete shortcoming of additive effect, same, multiple additives is mixed use also may have negative impact in various degree, in compost making processes, people blindly use multiple additives, think that the material adding is more, fermentation period is just shorter, and composting production is just better., multiple additives is mixed use may there is bad chemical reaction, produces toxic substance, cannot reach the synergistic function of expection, can run counter to desire on the contrary, contaminate environment, increase cost, cause composting production quality to reduce, even contain hypotoxic potentially dangerous.Therefore, control composting process in the urgent need to seeking efficient compost additive, reach the shortening cycle, control stench and distribute, reduce NH
+ 4the object of-N volatilization, quality and the quality of raising composting production, meet the needs in actual production.
For current composting production quality and quality is low, fermentation period is long, utilization of materials is low and nitrogen loss is many problem, the present invention can optimize the process control condition of composting process, improves microorganism active; Improve composting substrate quality, make agriculture and forestry organic waste material after compost reach the standard that requires of soilless culture substrate, partly or entirely substitute day by day exhausted peat for soilless culture.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in current agriculture and forestry organic waste material fermenting process the cultivation matrix that the problem that utilization of materials is low, fermentation period is long and nitrogen loss is many provides the preparation method of a plant cultivation matrix and prepared by the method.Cultivation matrix of the present invention is cheap, for agriculture and forestry organic waste material provides scientific basis in the reasonable utilization aspect plant soil-less culturing.The present invention had both taken full advantage of agricultural organic waste, had saved again the consumption of peat, and the cultivation matrix stable chemical nature of preparation, soda acid appropriateness, permeability is good, and physical and chemical index all reaches the requirement of soilless culture substrate, can provide good and stable matrix environment for plant-growth.
For realizing object of the present invention, one aspect of the present invention provides the preparation method of a plant cultivation matrix, comprise the steps: 1) agriculture and forestry organic waste material, water, fermenting agent, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar are mixed and carry out fermentative processing for the first time, make the first fermented substrate; Then to adding fermenting additive, water, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar in fermented substrate for the first time, carry out for the second time fermentative processing and get final product, wherein, described fermenting additive is brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate.
Wherein, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material is agriculture, woods, herd, the each industry of fishing, the waste producing in production, processing and daily life process.
Particularly, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material selects that branch, bark, grass bits, flower lose, fallen leaves, wheat straw, reed, Sunflower Stalk, cogongrass stem, rice straw, corn cob, maize straw, peach-pit, almond, plum pit, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, sunflower seed shell, cotton seed hulls, oil-tea camellia husks, one or more in coconut palm chaff, coconut husk.
Particularly, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material also comprises grain processing plant, brewery, the tankage of agricultural byproducts processing factory, process residues, as chaff skin, wheat bran, poor slag, corn cob, beanpod, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, cotton seed hulls etc.
Wherein, described agriculture and forestry organic waste material is 100 with the ratio of the weight of fermenting agent: 0.1-1, is preferably 100: 0.3-0.6.
Particularly, living bacteria count in described fermenting agent >=200,000,000/g, pH value is 5.5-8.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
Wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste, add for the first time bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar described in 1-2.5ml in fermentative processing process; In fermentative processing process, every 100kg (dry weight) waste adds bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar described in 3-12.5ml altogether for the second time.
Particularly, the pH value of described bamboo vinegar liquid is 2-3.2, and density is 0.9-1.5g/ml, and organic acid content is 7-11%; Content of phenolic compounds is 6-8%; The pH value of described wood vinegar is 2.5-3.5, and density is 0.8-2.0g/ml, and organic acid content is 7-13%, and content of phenolic compounds is 8-12%.
Bamboo vinegar liquid, wood vinegar are hydrophilic solution, there are stronger absorption, penetrating power, it can be used as plant promoting agent, growth stimulant, fertilizer-keeping agent, soil improvement agent, soil disinfectant etc., and nontoxic, harmless, noresidue, is a kind of desirable green solvent.
Wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) agriculture and forestry organic waste material, altogether add for the second time brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) described in 1.5-5kg in fermentative processing process; In every 100kg (dry weight) agriculture and forestry organic waste material, altogether add calcium superphosphate described in 9-30kg.
Brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.), i.e. brown sugar, typically refers to sweet sugarcane commerieal sugar, in brown sugar, outside the contained multiple monose such as glucose, fructose and polyose energy matter, also contains VITAMIN and trace element, as iron, zinc, manganese, chromium etc.
Calcium superphosphate, claims again normal superphosphate, is called for short general calcium, is the phosphate fertilizer directly making with sulfuric acid decomposing phosphate rock, grey or canescence powder (or particle).Main useful component is the hydrate Ca (H of monocalcium phosphate
2pO
4)
2h
2o and a small amount of free phosphoric acid, also contain anhydrous calciumsulphate component (useful to a lack of sulfur soil).Calcium superphosphate contains P
2o
514-20% (wherein 80-95% is water-soluble), belongs to water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer.Can directly make phosphate fertilizer, also can make the batching of compound fertilizer making.
Particularly, after the carbon-nitrogen ratio of agriculture and forestry organic waste material is adjusted to 20-35, then fermentative processing for the first time described in carrying out.
Especially, described carbon-nitrogen ratio is preferably 25-30.
Wherein, described fermentative processing for the first time comprises as follows step in sequence:
1) regulate the C/N (carbon-nitrogen ratio) of agriculture and forestry organic waste material than being 20-35;
2) add fermenting agent and water, mix, make fermenting mixture for the first time, wherein, the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 60-70% for the first time;
3) will be for the first time fermenting mixture pile fermentation heap body, the fermentative processing of banking up, wherein, at bank up temperature and the water ratio of monitor fermentation heap body in fermentative processing process, carries out turning processing every day, and to regulate heap body water ratio be 60-70%; When heap temperature is increased to 60-70 ℃, spray the first bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar to fermentation heap body, the consumption of the first bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar is for spraying 1-2.5ml for every 100kg waste;
4) when heap temperature is reduced to 45-55 ℃, make the first fermented substrate.
Particularly, step 1) described in C/N ratio be preferably 25-30; Step 2) described in agriculture and forestry organic waste material be 100 with the ratio of the weight of fermenting agent: 0.1-1, is preferably 100: 0.3-0.6; Described water ratio is 60-70%, is preferably 65%.
Especially, living bacteria count in described fermenting agent >=200,000,000/g, pH value is 5.5-8.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
Particularly, step 3) described in heap temperature reach 65 ± 2 ℃, spray the first bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar to fermentation heap body; Step 4) described in temperature be preferably 50 ℃.
Wherein, also comprise in bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar and add water, make and carry out described sprinkling bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent after bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent.
Particularly, in bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar are 1 with the ratio of the volume of water: 800-2000.
Wherein, described fermentative processing for the second time comprises the steps:
A) in the first fermented substrate, add water, the second bamboo vinegar liquid and/or the second wood vinegar, the first brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, stir, make fermenting mixture for the second time;
B) fermenting mixture piles fermentation heap body for the second time, the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time, temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body simultaneously, within in fermentative processing process every 5-7 days, carry out a turning processing banking up for the second time, and add water, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar, brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate in heap body, until the temperature of heap body reaches 20-25 ℃, stop described fermentative processing.
Particularly, steps A) described in the consumption of the second bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar be that every 100kg (dry weight) waste sprays 1-2.5ml; The consumption of described the first brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is that every 100kg (dry weight) waste adds 0.5-1kg; The consumption of described the first calcium superphosphate is that every 100kg (dry weight) waste adds 3-6kg; The water ratio of described fermenting mixture is for the second time 60-70%, is preferably 65%.
Particularly, step B) in the described bamboo vinegar liquid that adds while processing of each turning and/or the consumption of wood vinegar be that every 100kg waste sprays 1-2.5ml; Step B) in the consumption of the described granulated sugar that adds while processing of each turning be that every 100kg waste adds 0.5-1kg; The consumption of described calcium phosphate is that every 100kg waste adds 3-6kg.
Particularly, step B) described in turning number of processes be 2-4 time.
Particularly, step B) in the interpolation total amount of bamboo vinegar liquid described in turning treating processes and/or wood vinegar be that every 100kg waste adds 2-10ml; The interpolation total amount of described brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is that every 100kg waste adds 1-4kg; The interpolation total amount of described calcium superphosphate is that every 100kg waste adds 6-24kg.
Especially in fermentative processing process, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste, altogether add, for the second time bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar described in 3-12.5ml; Altogether add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) described in 1.5-5kg; Altogether add calcium superphosphate described in 9-30kg.
Wherein, also comprise in bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar and add water, make and carry out described sprinkling bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent after bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent.
Particularly, in bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar diluent, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar are 1 with the ratio of the volume of water: 800-2000.
The inventive method is at the fermentation materials of banking up in fermenting process through 2 fermentation hot stages, and completely, material decomposition rate is fast, has improved the utilization ratio of material in material degraded.After the hot stage of the first fermentative processing, in material temperature-fall period, add fermenting additive (brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate), for the high temperature microbe in composting fermentation process and mesophilic microorganism provide required C, N, the nutritive substances such as P, activity and the breeding of microorganism decomposing materials are accelerated, make agriculture and forestry organic waste material in composting process, reach secondary high-temperature fermentation, the solubility and the insoluble organism that after a thermophilic fermentation, do not decompose are completely carried out to Degradation and Transformation, decomposing materials again, make the waste degradation in compost fermentation treating processes obtain more thorough, nutritive ingredient is abundanter, more be beneficial to absorption and the utilization of plant.Fermenting additive (brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate) has synergistic function during the fermentation simultaneously, accelerate the decomposition of waste, significantly shorten the compost fermentation treatment time, the tradition compost fermentation cycle is 2-4 times of waste fermentation period of the present invention, and the matrix stable chemical nature making after the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time, soda acid appropriateness, permeability is good, physical and chemical index all reaches the requirement of soilless culture substrate, can provide good and stable matrix environment for plant-growth.
Cultivation matrix tool prepared by the present invention has the following advantages:
1, in the preparation process of cultivation matrix of the present invention, add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, as fermenting additive, optimized the envrionment conditions of composting process, accelerated composting process, promoted becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost; The ammonia of fermenting process is had to fixed action simultaneously, reduced nitrogen loss, keep nutrient content; Also regulate in addition the content of various nutritive elements in fermenting process, regulate nutritive equilibrium in material, improve compost quality.
2, the fermenting additive adding in cultivation matrix preparation process of the present invention promotes beneficial microorganism breeding, improve microflora in material, improve and keep microorganism active, reduce nitrogen loss, improve the physicochemical property of compost finished product, improve the quality of compost material utilization ratio and composting production.
3, in the preparation process of plant cultivation media of the present invention, fermentation period is short, and fermentation period is 25-30 days, and the 2-4 that traditional compost fermentation cycle is waste fermentation period of the present invention doubly; improve fermentation efficiency; reduced compost additive cost, utilize resources synthetically, is beneficial to environment protection.
4, the cultivation matrix physicochemical property that prepared by the inventive method are stable, potential of hydrogen moderate (pH 6.37-7.21), and specific conductivity (EC value) is 0.69-0.85mS/cm, unit dry weight is 0.19-0.29g/cm
3, total porosity is 57.07-75.03%, ventilation space reaches 8.20-24.95%, cultivation matrix quality is loose, and permeability is good, and venting capability is good, the thing physical and chemical index of matrix meets the requirement of gardening plant suitable growth, makes the composting production after fermentation reach and be suitable for plant growing.
5, the cultivation matrix nitrogen content that prepared by the inventive method is 1.85-2.36%, phosphorus content is 0.36-1.27%, potassium content is 0.77-0.87%, content of humic acid is 14.88-27.74%, organic content is 72.89-81.44%, and C/N is 20.03-22.86, and trophic structure is reasonable, be convenient to plant and absorb, meet plant-growth needs.
6, the matrix that prepared by the present invention has promoter action to plant-growth, and plant hat width is large, and plant is high, and biomass accumulating value is large, and cultivation matrix prepared by the present invention meets or exceeds the quality of peat growing medium.
7, preparation method's technique of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and product yield is high, and quality product is controlled, and the physical and chemical index of the soilless culture substrate of preparation approaches the peat growing medium that is better than even having, and meets the requirement of soilless culture substrate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Be not used in and limit the scope of the invention but these embodiment only limit to the present invention is described.
The bamboo vinegar liquid adopting in the embodiment of the present invention is purchased from Guilin the Nature biomaterial company limited, and the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2-3.2, and density is 0.9-1.5g/ml, and organic acid content is 7-11%; Content of phenolic compounds is 6-8%; The pH value of wood vinegar is 2.5-3.5, and density is 0.8-2.0g/ml, and organic acid content is 7-13%, and content of phenolic compounds is 8-12%; Calcium superphosphate is purchased from Beijing gold spring Science and Technology Ltd.; Brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is purchased from the biochemical limited-liability company of Guangxi wind sugar.
Embodiment 1
1, the pre-treatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
Adopt pulverizer (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lord machinery limited liability company) garden waste limb (limbs of the prunings such as willow, Chinese scholartree, willow) to be ground into the particle of particle diameter≤1cm, make waste particle, organic carbon content and the nitrogen content of measuring waste particle, measurement result is as shown in table 1 simultaneously.
Adopt the nitrogen content of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination waste particle;
Adopting potassium bichromate titrimetric method---Outside Heating Method is measured the organic carbon content in cultivation mixed-matrix, and concrete measuring method is as follows: in dry hard test tube, add after air-dry cultivation mixed-matrix, add K
2cr
2o
7standardized solution and dense H
2sO
4, then test tube is made at 170-180 ℃ in vitro liquid boiling 5min, then pour out in vitro tolerantly, carry out titration with ferrous sulfate standardized solution, according to the consumption of ferrous sulfate, calculate organic carbon content.
2, preparation bamboo vinegar liquid diluent
Xiang Shuizhong adds bamboo vinegar liquid, mixes, and is mixed with bamboo vinegar liquid diluent for subsequent use, and wherein bamboo vinegar liquid is 1: 1000 with the ratio of the volume of water, and the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2.5, and density is 0.9g/ml; Organic acid content is 10%, and content of phenolic compounds is 6%.
3, fermentative processing for the first time
3-1) in waste particle, add urea, regulating the C/N ratio of waste particle is 25, makes the particle that ferments for the first time, wherein, adds urea 2.388kg in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
In the present invention, except using urea to regulate waste particle C/N ratio, can also use feces of livestock and poultry (as cow dung, chicken manure, horsehit etc.) to increase the nitrogen content of waste.
3-2) fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) and water are joined to stirring and evenly mixing in fermented abandoned composition granule, regulating the water ratio of waste is 65%, make fermenting mixture for the first time, wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, add 1kg fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song, wherein, living bacteria count >=200,000,000 in organic waste zymophyte song/g, pH value is 5.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
In the embodiment of the present invention, use fermenting agent mainly to comprise tens bacterial classifications (as actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.) of the four large floras such as bacterium, fungi, actinomycetes, yeast, there is heat-resisting, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, fixed nitrogen and decomposition of cellulose function.
3-3) fermenting mixture is stacked in fermenter (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) for the first time, the fermentative processing of banking up for the first time, and temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body.
3-4) be stacked in and in fermenter, start to calculate fermentation time for the first time from fermenting mixture, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, in the process of banking up, turning every day once, make to pile body water ratio to heap body water spray simultaneously and remain on 65%, in the time that heap temperature is elevated to 65 ± 2 ℃, in heap body, spray bamboo vinegar liquid diluent once, in the time that heap temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, make the first fermented substrate, the fermentative processing of banking up is for the first time banked up 6 days altogether, wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, spray 1.75L bamboo vinegar diluent, the amount that is the bamboo vinegar liquid that adds in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle is 1.75ml.
4, fermentative processing for the second time
4-1) taking-up the first fermented substrate wherein spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, stir, make fermenting mixture for the second time, wherein the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 65% for the second time, the amount of spraying bamboo vinegar liquid diluent is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to spray 2.5L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), sprays 2.5ml bamboo vinegar liquid; In every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), add 0.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.); In every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), add 3kg calcium superphosphate;
4-2) fermenting mixture heap is set to buttress for the second time, the long 2m of heap body base portion, wide 1.5m, high 1m, the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time;
4-3) in the time that starting to ferment, heap body starts to calculate the fermentative processing time for the second time, and monitor heap temperature and water ratio, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, in the time that heap temperature is reduced to room temperature (25 ℃), stop banking up for the second time fermentative processing, make plant cultivation media, wherein, within every 5 days, carry out a turning processing, and in heap body matrix, spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, interpolation brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, make to pile body water ratio and remain 65%, the fermentation 24 days of banking up altogether; simultaneously
The turning altogether 4 times of banking up for the second time in fermenting process, that is to say to spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in heap body, adds brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate each 4 times; And
The amount of spraying bamboo vinegar liquid diluent when each turning is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to spray 2L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, in process is banked up in fermentation for the second time, every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 8L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent altogether, that is to say, every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 8ml bamboo vinegar liquid altogether;
When each turning, the addition of brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to add 0.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.), banks up and in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, has added altogether 2kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in process in fermentation for the second time;
When each turning, the addition of calcium superphosphate is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to add 3kg calcium superphosphate, banks up and in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, has added altogether 12kg calcium superphosphate in process in fermentation for the second time.
The plant cultivation media outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, there is no stench, no longer attracts mosquitos and flies.The performance index of the cultivation matrix of preparation detect as follows:
Unit dry weight, Maximum moisture capacity, total porosity, ventilating slit, water holding hole adopt core cutter method to measure, and concrete measuring method is as follows:
Getting air-dry cultivation matrix prepared by the present embodiment, to fill it up with volume be 200cm
3cutting ring, wherein the weight of cutting ring is W
0, the gross weight of cultivation matrix and cutting ring is W
1, then cutting ring and cultivation matrix are immersed in water, after immersion 24h, to weigh, weight is W
2, (the W that weighs again after freely draining of the moisture in cutting ring
3), calculate as follows:
Unit dry weight (g/cm
3)=(w
1-w
0)/200
Maximum moisture capacity (g/g)=(w
3-w
1)/(w
1-w
0)
Total porosity (%)=(w
2-w
1)/200 × 100%
Ventilating slit (%)=(w
2-w
3)/200 × 100%
Water holding hole (%)=total porosity-ventilating slit
Adopt pH meter and electrical conductivity meter to measure base starting material pH value, EC value, concrete measuring method is as follows:
Cultivation matrix is mixed by the ratio that solid-to-liquid ratio is 1: 10 (W/V) with hydromining, and centrifuging after vibration 30min, measures pH value and the EC value in filtrate with pH meter, electrical conductivity meter.
Adopt potassium bichromate titrimetric method to measure the total humic acid in base starting material, concrete measuring method is as follows: cook extraction agent with trisodium phosphate basic solution, the humic acid of the base starting material that lixiviate goes out, can be by potassium dichromate oxidation in strongly acidic solution, according to the consumption of potassium bichromate, calculate the content of humic acid.
Nitrogen adopts Kjeldahl nitrogen determination; Phosphorus H
2sO
4-H
2o
2method disappears and boils, and molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method is measured; Potassium adopts H
2sO
4-H
2o
2method disappears and boils, and flare photometer is measured.
Adopting potassium bichromate titrimetric method---Outside Heating Method is measured the organic carbon content in cultivation matrix, and concrete measuring method is as follows: in dry hard test tube, add after air-dry cultivation matrix, add K
2cr
2o
7standardized solution and dense H
2sO
4, then test tube is made at 170-180 ℃ in vitro liquid boiling 5min, then pour out in vitro tolerantly, carry out titration with ferrous sulfate standardized solution, according to the consumption of ferrous sulfate, calculate organic content.
The performance index detected result of plant cultivation media as Table 2,3.
Embodiment 2
1, the pre-treatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
Adopt pulverizer (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lord machinery limited liability company) by the garden waste (limb that willow, Chinese scholartree, willow etc. are pruned, fallen leaves, flower lose) be ground into the particle of particle diameter≤1cm, make waste particle, organic carbon content and the nitrogen content of measuring waste particle, measurement result is as shown in table 1 simultaneously.
2, preparation bamboo vinegar liquid diluent
Xiang Shuizhong adds bamboo vinegar liquid, mixes, and is mixed with bamboo vinegar liquid diluent for subsequent use, and wherein bamboo vinegar liquid is 1: 1000 with the ratio of the volume of water, and the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2.5, and density is 0.9g/ml; Organic acid content is 10%, and content of phenolic compounds is 6%.
3, fermentative processing for the first time
3-1) in waste particle, add urea, regulating the C/N ratio of waste particle is 27, makes the particle that ferments for the first time, wherein, adds urea 1.213kg in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
3-2) fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) and water are joined to stirring and evenly mixing in fermented abandoned composition granule, regulating the water ratio of waste is 70%, make the first fermentation fermenting mixture, wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, add 0.1kg fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song, wherein, living bacteria count >=200,000,000 in organic waste zymophyte song/g, pH value is 6.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
3-3) fermenting mixture is stacked in fermenter (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) for the first time, the fermentative processing of banking up for the first time, and temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body.
3-4) be stacked in and in fermenter, start to calculate fermentation time for the first time from fermenting mixture, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, in the process of banking up, turning every day once, make to pile body water ratio to heap body water spray simultaneously and remain on 70%, in the time that heap temperature is elevated to 63 ± 2 ℃, in heap body, spray bamboo vinegar liquid diluent once, in the time that heap temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, make the first fermented substrate, the fermentative processing of banking up is for the first time banked up 5 days altogether, wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, spray 2.5L bamboo vinegar diluent, the amount that is the bamboo vinegar liquid that adds in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle is 2.5ml.
4, fermentative processing for the second time
4-1) taking-up the first fermented substrate wherein spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, stir, make fermenting mixture for the second time, wherein the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 70% for the second time, the amount of spraying bamboo vinegar liquid diluent is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to spray 1L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), sprays 1ml bamboo vinegar liquid; In every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), add 0.75kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.); In every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), add 6kg calcium superphosphate.
4-2) fermenting mixture heap is set to buttress for the second time, the long 2m of heap body base portion, wide 1.5m, high 1m, the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time.
4-3) in the time that starting to ferment, heap body starts to calculate the fermentative processing time for the second time, and monitor heap temperature and water ratio, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, in the time that heap temperature is reduced to room temperature (20 ℃), stop banking up for the second time fermentative processing, make plant cultivation media, wherein, within every 6 days, carry out a turning processing, and in heap body matrix, spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, interpolation brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, make to pile body water ratio and remain 70%, the fermentation 23 days of banking up altogether; simultaneously
The turning altogether 3 times of banking up for the second time in fermenting process, that is to say to spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in heap body, adds brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate each 3 times; And
The amount of spraying bamboo vinegar liquid diluent when each turning is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to spray 1L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, in process is banked up in fermentation for the second time, every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 3L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent altogether, that is to say, every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 3ml bamboo vinegar liquid altogether;
When each turning, the addition of brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to add 1kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.), banks up and in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, has added altogether 3kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in process in fermentation for the second time;
When each turning, the addition of calcium superphosphate is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to add 4.5kg calcium superphosphate, banks up and in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, has added altogether 13.5kg calcium superphosphate in process in fermentation for the second time.
The plant cultivation media outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, there is no stench, no longer attracts mosquitos and flies, and its performance index detected result as Table 2,3.
Embodiment 3
1, the pre-treatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) adopt pulverizer (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lord machinery limited liability company) agricultural wastes (corn cob, stalk) to be ground into the particle of particle diameter≤1cm, make waste particle, organic carbon content and the nitrogen content of measuring waste particle, measurement result is as shown in table 1 simultaneously.
2, preparation wood vinegar diluent
Xiang Shuizhong adds wood vinegar, mixes, and is mixed with wood vinegar diluent for subsequent use, and wherein wood vinegar is 1: 1000 with the ratio of the volume of water, and the pH value of wood vinegar is 3.2, and density is 1.0g/ml, and organic acid content is 7%, and content of phenolic compounds is 8%.
3, fermentative processing for the first time
3-1) in waste particle, add urea, regulating the C/N ratio of waste particle is 30, makes the particle that ferments for the first time, wherein, adds urea 0.739kg in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
3-2) fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) and water are joined to stirring and evenly mixing in fermented abandoned composition granule, regulating the water ratio of waste is 60%, make fermenting mixture for the first time, wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, add 0.3kg fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song, wherein, living bacteria count >=200,000,000 in organic waste zymophyte song/g, pH value is 7.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
3-3) fermenting mixture is stacked in fermenter (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) for the first time, the fermentative processing of banking up for the first time, and temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body.
3-4) be stacked in and in fermenter, start to calculate fermentation time for the first time from fermenting mixture, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, in the process of banking up, turning every day once, make to pile body water ratio to heap body water spray simultaneously and remain on 60%, in the time that heap temperature is elevated to 62 ± 2 ℃, in heap body, spray wood vinegar diluent once, in the time that heap temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, make the first fermented substrate, the fermentative processing of banking up is for the first time banked up 7 days altogether, wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, spray 1L wood vinegar diluent, the amount that is the wood vinegar that adds in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle is 1ml.
4, fermentative processing for the second time
4-1) taking-up the first fermented substrate wherein spray water and wood vinegar diluent, add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, stir, make fermenting mixture for the second time, wherein the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 60% for the second time, the amount of spraying bamboo vinegar liquid diluent is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to spray 1.75L wood vinegar diluent, in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), sprays 1.75ml wood vinegar; In every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), add 1kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.); In every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), add 3kg calcium superphosphate.
4-2) fermenting mixture heap is set to buttress for the second time, the long 2m of heap body base portion, wide 1.5m, high 1m, the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time.
4-3) in the time that starting to ferment, heap body starts to calculate the fermentative processing time for the second time, and monitor heap temperature and water ratio, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, in the time that heap temperature is reduced to room temperature (25 ℃), stop banking up for the second time fermentative processing, make plant cultivation media, wherein, within every 7 days, carry out a turning processing, and in heap body matrix, spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, interpolation brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, make to pile body water ratio and remain 60%, the fermentation 22 days of banking up altogether. simultaneously
The turning altogether 3 times of banking up for the second time in fermenting process, that is to say to spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in heap body, adds brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate each 3 times; And
The amount of spraying bamboo vinegar liquid diluent when each turning is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to spray 2.5L pyroligneous liquor diluent, in process is banked up in fermentation for the second time, every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 7.5L wood vinegar diluent altogether, that is to say, every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 7.5ml wood vinegar altogether;
When each turning, the addition of brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to add 0.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.), banks up and in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, has added altogether 1.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in process in fermentation for the second time;
When each turning, the addition of calcium superphosphate is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to add 6kg calcium superphosphate, banks up and in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, has added altogether 18kg calcium superphosphate in process in fermentation for the second time.
The plant cultivation media outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, there is no stench, no longer attracts mosquitos and flies, and its performance index detected result as Table 2,3.
Embodiment 4
1, the pre-treatment of agriculture and forestry organic waste material raw material
1-1) adopt pulverizer (Beijing many meanings Dragon Lord machinery limited liability company) by the agriculture and forestry organic waste material limb (limb that willow, Chinese scholartree, willow etc. are pruned, fallen leaves, rice husk) be ground into the particle of particle diameter≤1cm, make waste particle, organic carbon content and the nitrogen content of measuring waste particle, measurement result is as shown in table 1 simultaneously.
The characteristic of table 1 agriculture and forestry organic waste material particle
| Organic carbon (%) | TN(％) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 47.61 | 0.79 |
| Embodiment 2 | 40.12 | 0.92 |
| Embodiment 3 | 38.24 | 0.93 |
| Embodiment 4 | 33.47 | 0.76 |
2, preparation bamboo vinegar liquid diluent
Xiang Shuizhong adds bamboo vinegar liquid, mixes, and is mixed with bamboo vinegar liquid diluent for subsequent use, and wherein bamboo vinegar liquid is 1: 1000 with the ratio of the volume of water, and the pH value of bamboo vinegar liquid is 2.5, and density is 0.9g/ml; Organic acid content is 10%, and content of phenolic compounds is 6%.
3, fermentative processing for the first time
3-1) in waste particle, add urea, regulating the C/N ratio of waste particle is 27, makes the particle that ferments for the first time, wherein, adds urea 1.028kg in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight).
3-2) fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) and water are joined to stirring and evenly mixing in fermented abandoned composition granule, regulating the water ratio of waste is 65%, make fermenting mixture for the first time, wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, add 0.6kg fermenting agent organic waste zymophyte song, wherein, living bacteria count >=200,000,000 in organic waste zymophyte song/g, pH value is 5.5, effectively viable bacteria contains actinomycetes, thermophile bacteria, whiterot fungi, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium etc.
3-3) fermenting mixture is stacked in fermenter (Beijing Jingpuyuan Bio-engineering Co., Ltd.) for the first time, the fermentative processing of banking up for the first time, and temperature and the water ratio of monitoring heap body.
3-4) be stacked in and in fermenter, start to calculate fermentation time for the first time from fermenting mixture, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, in the process of banking up, turning every day once, make to pile body water ratio to heap body water spray simultaneously and remain on 65%, in the time that heap temperature is elevated to 68 ± 2 ℃, in heap body, spray bamboo vinegar liquid diluent once, in the time that heap temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, make the first fermented substrate, the fermentative processing of banking up is for the first time banked up 6 days altogether, wherein, in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, spray 1.75L bamboo vinegar diluent, the amount that is the bamboo vinegar liquid that adds in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle is 1.75ml.
4, fermentative processing for the second time
4-1) taking-up the first fermented substrate wherein spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, stir, make fermenting mixture for the second time, wherein the water ratio of fermenting mixture is 65% for the second time, the amount of spraying bamboo vinegar liquid diluent is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to spray 2L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), sprays 2ml bamboo vinegar liquid; In every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), add 1kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.); In every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), add 6kg calcium superphosphate.
4-2) fermenting mixture heap is set to buttress for the second time, the long 2m of heap body base portion, wide 1.5m, high 1m, the fermentative processing of banking up for the second time.
4-3) in the time that starting to ferment, heap body starts to calculate the fermentative processing time for the second time, and monitor heap temperature and water ratio, along with the carrying out of fermentation, heap temperature first raises and then declines, in the time that heap temperature is reduced to room temperature (25 ℃), stop banking up for the second time fermentative processing, make plant cultivation media, wherein, within every 6 days, carry out a turning processing, and in heap body matrix, spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent, interpolation brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate, make to pile body water ratio and remain 65%, the fermentation 20 days of banking up altogether. simultaneously
The turning altogether 3 times of banking up for the second time in fermenting process, that is to say to spray water and bamboo vinegar liquid diluent in heap body, adds brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate each 3 times; And
The amount of spraying bamboo vinegar liquid diluent when each turning is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to spray 1.75L bamboo leachate diluent, in process is banked up in fermentation for the second time, every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 5.25L bamboo vinegar liquid diluent altogether, that is to say, every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle sprays 5.25ml bamboo vinegar liquid altogether;
When each turning, the addition of brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to add 0.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.), banks up and in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, has added altogether 1.5kg brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in process in fermentation for the second time;
When each turning, the addition of calcium superphosphate is in every 100kg waste particle (dry weight), to add 3kg calcium superphosphate, banks up and in every 100kg (dry weight) waste particle, has added altogether 9kg calcium superphosphate in process in fermentation for the second time.
The plant cultivation media outward appearance of preparation is dark brown or black, and heap body is loose crumb structure, there is no stench, no longer attracts mosquitos and flies, and its performance index detected result as Table 2,3.
The basic physical behavior of table 2 composting substrate and fermentation period
Detected result in table 2 shows:
1, it is short that the inventive method is prepared plant cultivation media fermentation period; only need 25-30 days; cycle shortening than traditional compost fermentation is over half; significantly shorten the compost fermentation time; the tradition compost fermentation cycle is 2-4 times of waste fermentation period of the present invention, has improved fermentation efficiency, has reduced compost additive cost; utilize resources synthetically, is beneficial to environment protection.
The unit dry weight of the plant cultivation media that 2, prepared by the present invention is 0.19-0.29g/cm
3, meet the cultivation matrix unit weight (0.1-0.8g/cm of plant-growth
3) requirement, suitable with the unit weight of reference examples import peat growing medium, show that cultivation matrix of the present invention is loose, permeability is good, and fixing plant performance is good;
The total porosity of the cultivation matrix that 3, prepared by the present invention is 57.07-75.03%, and ventilation space reaches air permeability and the good water-retaining property that 8.20-24.95% shows soilless culture substrate of the present invention; The Maximum moisture capacity of matrix of the present invention reaches 1.55-2.61g/g, water holding hole reaches 46.25-50.21%, the water-retaining capacity that soilless culture substrate of the present invention is described is strong, all can be equivalent to the about 1.55-2.61 of the own wt water yield doubly by sticking, can be plant sufficient moisture condition is provided, and can reduce irrigation times, water saving, streamlining management measure;
The performance index such as the air permeability of the cultivation matrix that 4, prepared by the present invention, water-retentivity, unit weight all meet the requirement of plant growth medium, and its physicochemical property are all close to being even better than import peat growing medium, meet the requirement of soilless culture solid substrate.
The basic chemical property of table 3 composting substrate
The detected result of table 3 shows:
The potential of hydrogen of the cultivation matrix that 1, prepared by the present invention is weak acid to neutral, and pH is 6.37-7.21; EC value is 0.69-0.85mS/cm, illustrates that cultivation solid substrate of the present invention can provide stable matrix growing environment for plant, and plant is caused to toxicological harmless effect, and the nutritive medium that puts on plant is had no adverse effects, and does not affect the balance of nutritive medium.
2, in soilless culture substrate of the present invention, nitrogen content is 1.85-2.36%, phosphorus content is 0.36-1.27%, and potassium content is 0.77-0.87%, and content of humic acid is 14.88-27.74%, organic content is 72.89-81.44%, C/N is 20.03-22.86, and the trophic structure of cultivation matrix is reasonable, is convenient to plant and absorbs, for plant-growth provides sufficient nutrient element, meet plant-growth needs.
3, the cultivation matrix quality that prepared by the present invention has reached the quality of import peat growing medium, can import substitutes, greatly save expense.
Reference examples 1
Except not adding brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate in fermentative processing process for the second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation as Table 2,3.
Reference examples 2
Except not adding brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in fermentative processing process for the second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation as Table 2,3.
Reference examples 3
Except not adding calcium superphosphate in fermentative processing process for the second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation as Table 2,3.
Reference examples 4
Except not adding brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate in fermentative processing process for the second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 4.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation as Table 2,3.
Reference examples 5
Except not adding brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) in fermentative processing process for the second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 4.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation as Table 2,3.
Reference examples 6
Except not adding calcium superphosphate in fermentative processing process for the second time, all the other are identical with embodiment 4.
The performance index detected result of the plant cultivation media of preparation as Table 2,3.
Reference examples 7
Take Denmark Pin Shi (Pindstrup) peat as reference examples 7, substrate performance index detected result as Table 2,3.
The pot experiment of the test example 1 red palm
In flowers company of Watershed, Daxing County, Beijing City red palm cultivation greenhouse, adopt respectively the Pin Shi peat growing medium of cultivation matrix prepared by embodiment of the present invention 1-4 and reference examples 1-6 and reference examples 7 to carry out the pot experiment of the red palm.In greenhouse, full-automatic temperature-controlling, ventilation facility, can guarantee at duration of test, for providing a metastable suitable growth environment for examination material.
Choose the about 15cm of plant height, leaf growth is healthy and strong consistent, root system is complete, without the red palm (Anthurium scherzerianum) seedling of disease and pest, be placed in the plastic flowerpot of 180mm × 160mm, carry out pot experiment, each cultivation matrix is a processing, 60 repetitions are carried out in each processing, and each cultivation matrix is cultivated the red palm of 60 strain, and potted plant adopts completely random to put.Except cultivation matrix, other envrionment conditions and cultivation management measure are all consistent.After upper basin approximately 180 days, the red palm all reaches the most productive period of nourishing and growing, each processing is chosen to 10 strains at random, plant is taken out and cleaned, measure growth indexes, measure and record plant total fresh weight, plant height, be always preced with width, root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, spend number, dry root heavy, dry Ye Chong etc., measurement result is respectively as shown in Table 4-6.
1, the impact of matrix on red palm aerial growth situation
Table 4 different substrates is processed red palm plant height, is always preced with width and spends several impacts
2, the impact of matrix on red palm biomass
Table 5 different substrates is processed the variation to red palm biomass
Table 6 different substrates is processed the variation to red palm biomass
Test-results shows:
1) the red palm shoot and leaf growth of the plant cultivation media plantation that prepared by employing the present invention is sturdy, and the number of blooming is many, and leaf color is dark green, and pattern is bright-coloured, and exterior quality is good.
2) utilize cultivation matrix prepared by the inventive method to cultivate the red palm, matrix is remarkable to the promoter action of plant strain growth, the plant strain growth later stage, hat width is large, plant is high, biomass accumulation is high, underground part dry-matter accumulation amount reaches 41.082-49.034g/ strain, over-ground part dry-matter accumulation amount reaches 49.855-57.395g/ strain, the accumulation of biomass is higher than the peat growing medium of import, cultivation matrix prepared by the inventive method has reached peat growing medium quality, therefore can substitute peat growing medium, has greatly lowered the expense of cultivation matrix.
3) cultivation matrix that uses the inventive method to prepare carries out red palm cultivation, the plant height of plant, be always preced with width, spend number, plant biology accumulation all there is significant difference compared with reference examples, it is that corresponding reference examples plant height increases the high 6-8 of per-cent doubly that the plant height of the plant that cultivation matrix of the present invention is cultivated increases per-cent; It is that corresponding reference examples is always preced with the high 4-8 of width increase per-cent doubly that plant is always preced with width increase per-cent; Plant dry matter accumulation total amount increase per-cent is that the dry-matter accumulation total amount of corresponding reference examples increases the high 2-4 of per-cent doubly.Illustrate that cultivation matrix prepared by the inventive method can obviously promote the red palm growth of plant, show to add in the inventive method brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate the degraded of agriculture and forestry organic waste material is had the effect of synergy.
The pot experiment of test example 2 Calathea orbifolias
In flowers company of Watershed, Daxing County, Beijing City Calathea orbifolia cultivation greenhouse, adopt respectively the Pin Shi peat growing medium of cultivation matrix prepared by embodiment of the present invention 1-4 and reference examples 1-6 and reference examples 7 to carry out the pot experiment of Calathea orbifolia.In greenhouse, full-automatic temperature-controlling, ventilation facility, can guarantee at duration of test, for providing a metastable suitable growth environment for examination material.
Choose the about 15cm of plant height, leaf growth is healthy and strong consistent, root system is complete, without Calathea orbifolia (the Calathca rotundifola cv.Fasciata.) seedling of disease and pest, be placed in the plastic flowerpot of 180mm × 160mm, carry out pot experiment, each cultivation matrix is a processing, 60 repetitions are carried out in each processing, and each cultivation matrix is cultivated 60 strain Calathea orbifolias, and potted plant adopts completely random to put.Except cultivation matrix, other envrionment conditions and cultivation management measure are all consistent.After upper basin approximately 180 days, Calathea orbifolia all reaches the most productive period of nourishing and growing, each processing is chosen to 10 strains at random, plant is taken out and cleaned, measure growth indexes, measure and record the total fresh weight, plant height of plant, be always preced with width, root fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, send out a branch number (the long > 10cm of leaf), dry root heavy, dry Ye Chong etc., measurement result is respectively as shown as shown in 7-9.
1, the impact of matrix on Calathea orbifolia aerial growth situation
Table 7 different substrates is processed on Calathea orbifolia plant height, is always preced with width and sends out the impact of branch number
2, the impact of matrix on Calathea orbifolia biomass
Table 8 different substrates is processed the variation to Calathea orbifolia biomass
Table 9 different substrates is processed the variation to Calathea orbifolia biomass
Test-results shows:
1) the arrowroot shoot and leaf growth of the plant cultivation media plantation that prepared by employing the present invention is sturdy, sends out branch number many, and color and luster is dark green, and exterior quality is good.
2) utilize cultivation matrix prepared by the inventive method to cultivate Calathea orbifolia, matrix is remarkable to the promoter action of plant strain growth, the plant strain growth later stage, hat width is large, plant is high, biomass accumulation is high, root dry weight accumulation volume reaches 44.140-52.381g/ strain, leaf dry weight accumulation volume reaches 46.922-58.417g/ strain, the accumulation of biomass is higher than the peat growing medium of import, cultivation matrix prepared by the inventive method has reached peat growing medium quality, therefore can substitute peat growing medium, has greatly lowered the expense of cultivation matrix.
3) cultivation matrix that uses the inventive method to prepare carries out arrowroot cultivation, the plant height of plant, be always preced with width, send out a branch number, plant biology accumulation all there is significant difference compared with reference examples, it is that corresponding reference examples plant height increases the high 6-10 of per-cent doubly that the plant height of the arrowroot that cultivation matrix of the present invention is cultivated increases per-cent; It is that corresponding reference examples is always preced with the high 4-13 of width increase per-cent doubly that plant is always preced with width increase per-cent; Plant dry matter accumulation total amount increase per-cent is that the dry-matter accumulation total amount of corresponding reference examples increases the high 2-5 of per-cent doubly.Illustrate that cultivation matrix prepared by the inventive method can obviously promote the growth of plant arrowroot, show to add in the inventive method brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate the degraded of agriculture and forestry organic waste material is had the effect of synergy.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a plant cultivation matrix, comprises the steps: first agriculture and forestry organic waste material, water, fermenting agent, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar to be mixed and carry out fermentative processing for the first time, makes the first fermented substrate; Then to adding fermenting additive, water, bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar in fermented substrate for the first time, carry out for the second time fermentative processing and get final product, wherein, described fermenting additive is brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) and calcium superphosphate; In the preparation of described the first fermented substrate, fermenting mixture piles fermentation heap body, the fermentative processing of banking up for the first time, when heap temperature is increased to 60-70 ℃, spray the first bamboo vinegar liquid and/or wood vinegar to fermentation heap body, when heap temperature is reduced to 45-55 ℃, make the first fermented substrate;
Described agriculture and forestry organic waste material is 100:0.1-1 with the ratio of the weight of fermenting agent;
In the described process of fermentative processing for the first time, the consumption of bamboo vinegar liquid described in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material and/or wood vinegar is 1-2.5ml;
In the described process of fermentative processing for the second time, the consumption of bamboo vinegar liquid described in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material and/or wood vinegar is 3-12.5ml;
In the described process of fermentative processing for the second time, in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material, add brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) described in 1.5-5kg;
In the described process of fermentative processing for the second time, in every 100kg agriculture and forestry organic waste material, add calcium superphosphate described in 9-30kg.
2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, after it is characterized in that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of agriculture and forestry organic waste material is adjusted to 20-35, then fermentative processing for the first time described in carrying out.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that described carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, described in it is characterized in that, water ratio is 60-70% in fermentative processing process for the second time.
5. a plant cultivation matrix, is characterized in that being prepared from according to method as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-4.
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| CN103848701B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-11 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of preparation method of soilless plant cultivation matrix and the matrix prepared by the method |
| CN103880556A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 西藏华之源生态科技有限公司 | Method for preparing plant-based plant growth regulator |
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| CN106167430A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-11-30 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of method utilizing agriculture and forestry organic waste material to prepare plant cultivation media and the cultivation matrix of preparation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH09249886A (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-09-22 | Shikoku Tokuhin Hanbai Kk | Treatment of pyrolignous acid of bamboo and pyrolignous acid |
| CN101317526A (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-10 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Production and cultivation of glossy ganoderma with tea branch, tea, stem material |
| CN101766113A (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2010-07-07 | 大连普瑞康生物技术有限公司 | Method for preparing dendrobium officinale culture medium |
| CN102303991B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-01-23 | 北京林业大学 | Plant cultivation mixed medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN102295488B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-01-23 | 北京林业大学 | Mixed plant culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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