CN112194536B - Soil improvement material component for improving vegetable biomass - Google Patents
Soil improvement material component for improving vegetable biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN112194536B CN112194536B CN202010895546.3A CN202010895546A CN112194536B CN 112194536 B CN112194536 B CN 112194536B CN 202010895546 A CN202010895546 A CN 202010895546A CN 112194536 B CN112194536 B CN 112194536B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and discloses a soil improvement material component for improving vegetable biomass in order to break through the current situation that vegetable biomass is improved by applying chemical fertilizers or genetically changing in the prior art, wherein the soil improvement material component comprises biochar and compost, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the compost is 1: 0.3-2. The biochar is prepared by crushing garden plant branches and calcining at low temperature in an anoxic environment, soaking in a sodium bicarbonate solution before preparation, mixing compost with nitrogen by taking branches of trees and shrubs as compost, and then stacking and fermenting. The soil improvement material component can effectively improve the biomass of vegetables and reasonably utilize garden plant wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a soil improvement material component for improving vegetable biomass.
Background
Biomass, also known as plant mass, refers to the total weight of organic matter present in a plant, generally expressed as dry weight. The greater the biomass, the higher the organic content in the plant. Along with the improvement of living standard of people, the consumption demand of vegetables is increasing day by day, the biomass of vegetables is improved to improve the proportion of edible parts of vegetables, and the method has important significance for meeting the demand of people.
The biomass of vegetables or the plant quantity of plants can be increased by applying a high-efficiency chemical fertilizer or from the viewpoint of genetic variation. The application of chemical fertilizers brings great improvement on the yield of vegetables and crops on limited land, but also brings many problems of land hardening, soil fertility failure, water pollution and the like, and the biomass can be improved by genetic variation angles such as transgenic or hybridization technologies, but the safety uncertainty of transgenic foods causes people to have doubts about transgenic vegetables; the hybridization technology is applied to rice planting in a large area at present, and is rarely popularized and applied to other crops or vegetables in a mature mode.
For a long time, the landscaping plant wastes are mostly buried along with domestic garbage or are subjected to extensive treatment such as natural stacking, incineration and the like, so that the problems of global climate warming, urban haze aggravation, land resource pollution and the like are caused. The search for a reasonable and diversified utilization way of landscaping plant wastes is one of the problems to be solved urgently in China. In recent years, biochar has attracted attention as a novel material in the fields of agriculture and environment. The garden greening plant waste and the biochar are combined to be applied to vegetable cultivation, and the method is a positive attempt for finding a way for improving the biomass of vegetables and reasonably utilizing the garden greening plant waste to change waste into valuables.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to break through the current situation that the biomass of vegetables is improved by applying chemical fertilizers or genetically changing, the invention aims to provide a soil improvement material component for improving the biomass of vegetables, reasonably utilize garden plant wastes, convert the garden plant wastes into biochar and compost for matching use, improve the biomass of vegetables such as small green vegetables and expand a vegetable biomass improvement path and a garden plant waste use path.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
the soil improvement material component for improving the vegetable biomass comprises biochar and compost, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar to the compost is 1: 0.3-2. The soil improvement material component of the invention takes the biochar and the compost as raw materials, the biochar can be prepared by calcining waste plants, the compost can be obtained by stacking and fermenting the waste plants, and the compost is used for improving the biomass of vegetables instead of chemical fertilizers, is more green and is environment-friendly.
As an improvement of the invention, the biochar is prepared by calcining and carbonizing garden plant branches in an anoxic environment after the garden plant branches are crushed. The raw material of the biochar used by the invention is collected from garden plants such as waste branches of cinnamomum camphora and the like which are maintained in Hangzhou vegetable garden daily.
As an improvement of the invention, the preparation process of the biochar is as follows: drying the crushed garden plant branches, placing the dried garden plant branches into a carbonizing machine, introducing flowing inert atmosphere, and keeping the temperature at 400-500 ℃ for calcining and carbonizing for 5-12 hours. The strength of the pore structure of the biochar is maintained through low-temperature carbonization.
As an improvement of the invention, the preparation process of the biochar further comprises the following steps: after the garden plant branches are crushed, the garden plant branches are dried until the water content is 40-50%, the garden plant branches are placed in a sodium bicarbonate water solution with the mass concentration of 5-10% to be soaked for 24-48 h, and the garden plant branches are taken out, drained, dried and placed in a carbonizing machine to be calcined and carbonized. The surface of the biochar contains carboxyl, hydroxyl and the like, and carbonate and the like make the biochar weakly alkaline. The alkaline charcoal is beneficial to improving soil properties. The existing research shows that the increase of the calcining temperature is beneficial to increase of the pH value of the biochar, the biochar calcined at the high temperature of more than 550 ℃ has large specific surface area and high aromatizing structure, has good effect of increasing the pH value of the biochar, and particularly has the most abundant pores when the calcining temperature reaches 900 ℃. However, too high temperature causes an increase in production cost and may cause collapse of the carbon skeleton structure. And low-temperature calcination below 550 ℃ causes the carbon structure to be loose, and the carbon structure is mostly in an amorphous state, low in aromaticity and lower in pH value. The biochar is prepared by low-temperature calcination, sodium bicarbonate is soaked in a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and then calcined, the sodium bicarbonate is decomposed at the temperature of more than 270 ℃ to generate sodium carbonate, water vapor and carbon dioxide, and the sodium carbonate can increase the alkalinity of the biochar and make up for the deficiency of low-temperature calcination; while the water vapor and the carbon dioxide help to improve the porosity of the biochar.
As an improvement of the invention, the garden plant branches are camphor branches and bamboo strips.
As an improvement of the invention, the compost is prepared by mixing branches of trees and shrubs as compost with nitrogen and then stacking and fermenting. The compost is prepared by aerobic fermentation of the pruning matters of trees and shrubs in the growing period and the dormant period in the Hangzhou vegetable garden and garden pruning branches and leaves generated in four seasons.
As an improvement of the invention, the compost preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing branches of trees and shrubs as a stacking material with nitrogen according to the C/N ratio of (30-20) to 1 to obtain a fermentation base material, adding a microbial agent accounting for 0.1-0.15% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 40-60%, stirring, mixing, laminating, fermenting, heating to 55-60 ℃, turning over every 2-3 days, stirring, supplementing water, and fermenting for 50-60 days. The composting temperature is a mark of the activity condition of microorganisms, the composting treatment of the organic solid wastes is not facilitated when the temperature is too high or too low, and pathogenic microorganisms in the compost can be killed when the temperature is kept above 55 ℃ for more than 3 days in the composting process. While a suitable C/N ratio favors the activity of the microorganism, a too low C/N ratio inhibits the activity of the microorganism.
As an improvement of the invention, the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of bacillus, fungi, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria, wherein the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 1.0 hundred million/g. The composite microbial agent can quickly start the fermentation decomposition process to decompose organic materials at low temperature and high temperature, and the microbial system is stable.
As an improvement of the invention, the soil improvement material component is prepared by adding biochar into compost when the compost temperature is firstly raised to 55-60 ℃ and turned over, uniformly stirring and fermenting. The compost is neutral or alkalescent after being completely cured, and has positive effect on improving soil. However, in the early and middle compost periods, due to the generation of small molecular substances such as organic acid, the pH value of the compost is actually weak acidic, microorganisms are mostly suitable for growing in a neutral or slightly alkaline environment, the proper pH value is beneficial to the microorganisms to play the maximum role, the prepared biochar is added into the compost fermented in the early period, the pores of the biochar provide attachment sites for microbial fermentation, and the enhanced alkalinity of the biochar is beneficial to providing a continuous alkaline environment for the microorganisms in a small range, so that the influence of the acidity of the compost in the early and middle compost periods on the activity of the microorganisms is avoided, the fertility of the compost after the compost is thoroughly decomposed is improved, and the enhanced synergistic effect on the compost is achieved. Compared with the method of directly adding alkali solution to adjust the compost to be alkaline, the method can avoid the influence of sudden change of the pH environment of the compost on the activity of microorganisms.
As an improvement of the invention, the vegetable is a small green vegetable.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the soil improvement material component is prepared from biochar and compost, wherein the biochar is prepared by calcining waste garden plant branches at low temperature, and the compost is prepared by stacking and fermenting the pruners of trees and shrubs in the growing period and the dormant period in gardens and branches in four seasons, so that garden waste is reasonably utilized, and the vegetable biomass is effectively improved; meanwhile, the biochar is soaked in a sodium bicarbonate solution before preparation, so that the alkalinity of the biochar can be obviously improved, and the pore structure of the biochar can be improved; and the alkaline enhanced biochar participates in compost fermentation, provides an alkaline fermentation atmosphere near an attachment point for microorganisms, promotes a fermentation process, and plays a role in synergistic enhancement of the compost, so that the effect of improving the vegetable biomass by soil improvement material components is improved.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention.
The starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available or commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified, and the methods in the following examples are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The microbial agent used in the following examples and comparative examples is a domestic fungus fast decomposition agent microbial agent produced by Beijing Zhongnong's rich bioengineering technology Limited company, and is a mixed microbial agent of bacillus, fungi, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria, and the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 1.0 hundred million/g.
The soil used in the following examples and comparative examples was selected from red soil in the mountain test base of Zhejiang agriculture and forestry university, pH 4.88, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 86.8mg/kg, available phosphorus 12.0mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 125.0mg/kg, and organic carbon 10.6 g/kg.
The effect of the soil amendment material composition of the present invention on the enhancement of vegetable biomass is illustrated in the following examples using small green vegetables, which are produced by shaoxing dajiang vegetable seeds limited.
The branches of trees and shrubs for composting are produced in Hangzhou botanical garden, are trimmings such as branches and leaves in the growing period and the dormant period of the trees and shrubs in the Hangzhou botanical garden, and are dried branches in four seasons, and have the chemical properties: total nitrogen content 1.164%, organic carbon 36.739%, C/N ratio 31.563, pH 6.58.
The nitrogen is provided in the following examples as urea having a nitrogen content of 46%.
The C/N in the invention is the ratio of carbon element to nitrogen element.
Example 1
A soil improvement material component for increasing vegetable biomass is prepared from biochar and compost;
the biochar is prepared by crushing camphor branches in Hangzhou vegetable garden and calcining and carbonizing the crushed camphor branches at low temperature in an anoxic environment, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: crushing camphor branches to a length of less than 2cm by using a crusher, drying in a ventilating way until the water content is 70%, placing the camphor branches in a carbonization machine, heating to 40 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 24 hours to ensure that the water migration is uniform, then introducing nitrogen at a flow rate of 5mL/min, and heating to 400 ℃ to calcine and carbonize for 12 hours;
the compost is prepared by piling and fermenting arbors and shrubs which are crushed by a crusher to be less than 2cm as compost and urea, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing the stockpile and urea according to the ratio of 25:1 of C/N to obtain a fermentation base material, and placing the fermentation base material in a cement tank which is sealed at four sides and is provided with an opening at the top surface and one side vertical surface, wherein the length of the cement tank is 1.5m, the width of the cement tank is 1.2m, and the height of the cement tank is 1.3 m; then adding a domestic fungus fast-decomposing agent microbial agent accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 60%, stirring and mixing, covering a transparent polyethylene film, fermenting, turning and stirring once every 3 days after the fermentation temperature is raised to 55 ℃, supplementing water, and fermenting for 60 days to obtain compost;
and uniformly mixing the prepared biochar and the compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3 to obtain the soil improvement material component.
Example 2
A soil improvement material component for increasing vegetable biomass is prepared from biochar and compost;
the biochar is prepared by crushing camphor tree branches in Hangzhou vegetable garden and calcining and carbonizing the crushed camphor tree branches in an anoxic environment, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
crushing camphor branches by a crusher until the length is less than 2cm, drying in a ventilating way until the water content is 60%, putting the camphor branches in a carbonizing machine, heating to 60 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keeping for 12 hours, homogenizing the water migration, introducing nitrogen at the flow rate of 3mL/min, heating to 500 ℃, calcining at low temperature and carbonizing for 5 hours;
the compost is prepared by stacking and fermenting branches of trees and shrubs as compost and urea, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
mixing the compost and urea according to the C/N ratio of 20:1 to obtain a fermentation base material, placing the fermentation base material in a cement tank, adding a domestic fungus fast-decomposing agent microbial agent accounting for 0.15% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 50%, stirring and mixing, covering a transparent polyethylene film, fermenting, turning over every 2 days after the fermentation temperature is raised to 60 ℃, stirring, supplementing water, and fermenting for 50 days to obtain compost;
and uniformly mixing the prepared biochar and the compost according to the mass ratio of 1:2 to obtain the soil improvement material component.
Example 3
A soil improvement material component for increasing vegetable biomass is prepared from biochar and compost;
the biochar is prepared by crushing camphor tree branches in Hangzhou vegetable garden and calcining and carbonizing the crushed camphor tree branches in an anoxic environment, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
crushing camphor branches to a length of less than 2cm by using a crusher, drying in a ventilating way until the water content is 65%, placing the camphor branches in a carbonization machine, heating to 40 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 24 hours to ensure that the water migration is uniform, then introducing nitrogen at a flow rate of 4mL/min, and heating to 450 ℃ to calcine and carbonize for 8 hours at a low temperature;
the compost is prepared by stacking and fermenting branches of trees and shrubs as compost and urea, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
mixing the compost and urea according to the C/N ratio of 30:1 to obtain a fermentation base material, placing the fermentation base material in a cement tank, adding a domestic fungus fast-decomposing agent microbial agent accounting for 0.13% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 40%, stirring and mixing, covering a transparent polyethylene film, fermenting, turning over every 2 days after the fermentation temperature is raised to 55 ℃, stirring, supplementing water, and fermenting for 55 days to obtain compost;
and uniformly mixing the prepared biochar and the compost according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the soil improvement material component.
Example 4
The soil improvement material component for increasing the vegetable biomass is different from the component in the embodiment 1 in that: during preparation of the biochar, after smashing camphor branches, drying until the water content is 40%, soaking in a sodium bicarbonate water solution with the mass concentration of 5% for 48 hours, taking out, draining, drying until the water content is 70%, placing in a carbonization machine, heating to 40 ℃ at 1 ℃/min, keeping for 24 hours to enable water migration to be uniform, then introducing nitrogen at the flow rate of 5mL/min, and heating to 400 ℃ to calcine and carbonize for 12 hours at low temperature.
Example 5
A soil improvement material component for increasing vegetable biomass is prepared from two components of biochar and compost; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the biochar:
crushing camphor branches to a length of less than 2cm by using a crusher, drying until the water content is 50%, soaking in a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10% for 24 hours, taking out, draining, drying until the water content is 70%, placing in a carbonization machine, heating to 40 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping for 24 hours, homogenizing the water migration, introducing nitrogen gas at a flow speed of 5mL/min, and heating to 400 ℃, calcining at a low temperature and carbonizing for 12 hours;
(2) preparation of compost
The compost is prepared by piling and fermenting arbors and shrubs which are crushed by a crusher to be less than 2cm as compost and urea, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing the compost and urea according to a C/N ratio of 25:1 to obtain a fermentation base material, placing the fermentation base material in a cement tank, adding a domestic fungus fast-decomposing agent microbial agent accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 60%, stirring and mixing, covering a transparent polyethylene film, fermenting, turning the compost every 3 days after the fermentation temperature is raised to 55 ℃, stirring once, supplementing water, and fermenting for 60 days to obtain compost;
(3) when the temperature is firstly raised to 55 ℃ in the initial fermentation stage of the step (2) and pile turning is carried out, adding the biochar into the compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3, uniformly stirring the biochar and participating in the subsequent fermentation process of the compost, thereby obtaining the components of the soil improvement material.
Example 6
A soil improvement material component for increasing vegetable biomass is prepared from two components of biochar and compost; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the biochar:
crushing camphor branches to the length of less than 2cm, drying until the water content is 40%, soaking in a sodium bicarbonate water solution with the mass concentration of 5% for 48 hours, taking out, draining, drying until the water content is 70%, placing in a carbonization machine, heating to 40 ℃ at 1 ℃/min, keeping for 24 hours to ensure that the water migration is uniform, then introducing nitrogen at the flow rate of 5mL/min, and heating to 400 ℃, calcining and carbonizing for 12 hours at low temperature;
(2) preparation of compost
The compost is prepared by piling and fermenting arbors and shrubs which are crushed by a crusher to be less than 2cm as compost and urea, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing the stockpile and urea according to the C/N ratio of 25:1 to obtain a fermentation base material, and placing the fermentation base material in a cement tank; then adding a domestic fungus fast-decomposing agent microbial agent accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 60%, stirring and mixing, covering a transparent polyethylene film, fermenting, turning and stirring once every 3 days after the fermentation temperature is raised to 55 ℃, supplementing water, and fermenting for 60 days to obtain compost;
(3) when the temperature is firstly raised to 55 ℃ in the initial fermentation stage of the step (2) and pile turning is carried out, adding the biochar into the compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3, uniformly stirring the biochar and participating in the subsequent fermentation process of the compost, thereby obtaining the components of the soil improvement material.
Example 7
A soil improvement material component for increasing vegetable biomass is prepared from two components of biochar and compost; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the biochar:
crushing camphor branches to the length of less than 2cm, firstly drying until the water content is 45%, placing the camphor branches in a sodium bicarbonate water solution with the mass concentration of 8% for soaking for 36h, taking out the camphor branches, draining, drying until the water content is 70%, placing the camphor branches in a carbonization machine, firstly heating to 40 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 24h, enabling the water migration to be uniform, then introducing nitrogen gas flow at a flow speed of 5mL/min, and then heating to 400 ℃ for low-temperature calcination and carbonization for 12 h;
(2) preparation of compost
The compost is prepared by piling and fermenting arbors and shrubs which are crushed by a crusher to be less than 2cm as compost and urea, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing the stockpile and urea according to the C/N ratio of 25:1 to obtain a fermentation base material, and placing the fermentation base material in a cement tank; then adding a domestic fungus fast-decomposing agent microbial agent accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 60%, stirring and mixing, covering a transparent polyethylene film, fermenting, turning and stirring once every 3 days after the fermentation temperature is raised to 55 ℃, supplementing water, and fermenting for 60 days to obtain compost;
(3) when the temperature is firstly raised to 55 ℃ in the initial fermentation stage of the step (2) and pile turning is carried out, adding the biochar into the compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3, uniformly stirring the biochar and participating in the subsequent fermentation process of the compost, thereby obtaining the components of the soil improvement material.
Example 8
A soil improvement material component for increasing vegetable biomass is prepared from two components of biochar and compost; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the biochar:
crushing camphor branches to a length of less than 2cm by using a crusher, drying in a ventilating way until the water content is 70%, putting the camphor branches into a carbonizing machine, heating to 40 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 24 hours to ensure that the water migration is uniform, introducing nitrogen gas flow at a flow speed of 5mL/min, heating to 400 ℃, calcining at a low temperature for 12 hours;
(2) preparation of compost
The compost is prepared by piling and fermenting arbors and shrubs which are crushed by a crusher to be less than 2cm as compost and urea, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing the compost and urea according to a C/N ratio of 25:1 to obtain a fermentation base material, placing the fermentation base material in a cement tank, adding a domestic fungus fast-decomposing agent microbial agent accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 60%, stirring and mixing, covering a transparent polyethylene film, fermenting, turning the compost every 3 days after the fermentation temperature is raised to 55 ℃, stirring once, supplementing water, and fermenting for 60 days to obtain compost;
(3) when the temperature is firstly raised to 55 ℃ in the initial fermentation stage of the step (2) and pile turning is carried out, adding the biochar into the compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3, uniformly stirring the biochar and participating in the subsequent fermentation process of the compost, thereby obtaining the components of the soil improvement material.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the C/N ratio of the initial compost and urea at composting is 10: 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that the mass ratio of the biochar to the compost in the soil improvement material component is 1: 3.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 5 is that:
the biochar is obtained by crushing camphor branches, directly drying the crushed cinnamomum camphora branches until the water content is 70%, putting the crushed biochar into a carbonizing machine, introducing nitrogen into the carbonizing machine at the flow rate of 5mL/min, and then heating the obtained product to 400 ℃, calcining the obtained product at a low temperature and carbonizing the obtained product for 12 hours;
the soil improvement material component is prepared by adding biochar into compost fermentation, and then periodically adjusting the pH value of the compost to 7.20 by adding a sodium bicarbonate solution.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 5 is that charcoal is prepared by soaking cinnamomum camphora branches with sodium carbonate solution of equal concentration instead of sodium bicarbonate solution.
Comparative example 5
The difference from the embodiment 5 is that in the preparation of the soil improvement component in the step (3), biochar is added into compost according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3 when the temperature is firstly raised to 55 ℃ in the initial fermentation stage and 7 days after pile turning, and the biochar is uniformly stirred and participates in the subsequent fermentation process of the compost, so that the soil improvement material component is obtained.
Performance testing of the above examples and comparative examples
1. Compost effect test
Temperature: placing an external probe of a combined temperature and humidity recorder at the center of the stack body for real-time measurement;
EC value, representing the total amount of soluble salts in the compost, according to 1:5 extraction method.
TABLE 1 composting Properties
As can be seen from the table above, compared with examples 1 to 3, the composts prepared in examples 5 to 7 have lower C/N values and EC values, and are more alkaline, which indicates that the biochar prepared after being soaked in the sodium bicarbonate participates in the fermentation of the composts, can strengthen the fermentation process of the composts, and deepens the fermentation and decomposition degree of the composts; compared with the examples 1 to 3, the embodiment 8 shows that the biochar prepared without being soaked in the sodium bicarbonate participates in compost fermentation, and the effect of improving the compost maturity degree is not obvious. Compared with the examples 1-3, the comparison example 4 shows that the biochar prepared after being soaked by sodium carbonate participates in composting fermentation, although the C/N value can be reduced, the EC value is higher, the maximum fermentation temperature is also reduced, and the days lasting above 55 ℃ are reduced, which indicates that under the low-temperature biochar preparation of the invention, the addition of the sodium carbonate solution can cause the formation of the pore structure of the biochar, and no gas volatilizes during calcination, so that the pores cannot be effectively improved, and the pores can be blocked, so that sufficient attachment sites can not be provided for microbial fermentation. The C/N value of comparative example 3 is more than 20, indicating that the fermentation is not completely matured, which should be caused by the sudden change of pH of the fermentation environment due to the addition of the alkali solution, which adversely affects the fermentation of the cells. Meanwhile, the EC values in the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 3 are both higher than 1.8, and exceed the EC value requirement of the salt-tolerant plant planting soil in the industry standard CJ/T340-2011, so that the EC value is not suitable for vegetable planting.
2. Comparing the biomass of the vegetables;
the test adopts a potted planting test in a greenhouse, relatively barren red soil in a mountain test base of Zhejiang agriculture and forestry university is selected, the red soil is uniformly mixed, 5kg of fresh soil in each pot is subpackaged into the pot, the products of the above embodiments and comparative examples are respectively and uniformly mixed with the soil in the pot according to the addition amount of 1%, 5 times of each treatment is set, and a blank group which is only added with the compost of embodiment 1 in equal amount is set; selecting small green vegetables as an example, sowing in 2019 in 10 days in 8 months, transplanting small green vegetable seedlings into each pot in 15 days in 8 months, wherein the transplanting density is 10 seedlings per pot, the sizes of the small green vegetable seedlings are consistent, the daily management of pot culture keeps the conventional field water holding capacity, and the small green vegetable seedlings are harvested in 30 days in 8 months; when the green vegetables are harvested, each pot is processed by adopting single picking and single harvesting and single drying, each pot is respectively subjected to whole plant sampling according to the conventional method, the plant height of each green vegetable is measured, the whole plant fresh weight of each pot of green vegetables is weighed, the dry weight of each green vegetable, the dry weight of the overground part and the dry weight of the underground part are weighed after drying, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Brassica chinensis biomass results
| Item | Plant height/cm | Fresh weight g/plant | Dry weight g/strain | Dry weight g/strain of aerial parts | Dry weight g/strain of underground part |
| Blank group | 15.12 | 14.71 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.11 |
| Example 1 | 16.04 | 22.88 | 1.58 | 1.45 | 0.13 |
| Example 2 | 16.46 | 19.34 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 0.12 |
| Example 3 | 15.72 | 17.08 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.11 |
| Example 4 | 16.10 | 22.56 | 1.60 | 1.48 | 0.12 |
| Example 5 | 16.26 | 23.12 | 1.79 | 1.69 | 0.13 |
| Example 6 | 16.20 | 22.84 | 1.70 | 1.58 | 0.12 |
| Example 7 | 16.13 | 22.80 | 1.72 | 1.59 | 0.13 |
| Example 8 | 15.88 | 22.06 | 1.52 | 1.42 | 0.10 |
| Comparative example 2 | 14.88 | 11.30 | 0.54 | 0.48 | 0.06 |
| Comparative example 4 | 15.26 | 14.22 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.07 |
| Comparative example 5 | 15.87 | 16.91 | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.14 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the increase in the biomass of the green vegetables is a result of the combined action of the biochar and the compost, for example, in comparative example 2, when the mixing ratio of the biochar to the compost is 1:3, the biomass of the green vegetables is obviously reduced. When the biochar is prepared by soaking the biochar with the sodium carbonate, although the biochar participates in fermentation, the biomass of the prepared product to the brassica chinensis is not obviously improved and is slightly reduced, the inventor believes that the biomass of the biochar is generated in an amorphous state under low-temperature calcination, and the amorphous state is aggravated by the addition of the sodium carbonate, and the formation of pores is hindered by deposition. In example 4, the biochar soaked by the sodium bicarbonate is mixed with the compost, and the biochar prepared without soaking in example 8 participates in compost fermentation, compared with example 1 without soaking and mixing, the effect is not obvious, and the effect is obviously different from that of examples 5 to 7, which shows that the biochar soaked by the sodium bicarbonate participates in compost fermentation, generates a synergistic enhancement effect with the compost, and promotes the effectiveness of soil improvement material components.
Claims (8)
1. A soil improvement material component for improving vegetable biomass is characterized by comprising biochar and compost, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar to the compost is 1: 0.3;
the preparation process of the biochar comprises the following steps: crushing garden plant branches, drying until the water content is 40-50%, soaking in a sodium bicarbonate water solution with the mass concentration of 5-10% for 24-48 h, taking out, draining, drying, and then putting into a carbonizing machine for calcining and carbonizing;
the soil improvement material component is prepared by adding biochar into compost when the compost temperature is firstly raised to 55-60 ℃ and turning the compost, uniformly stirring and fermenting.
2. The vegetable biomass-increasing soil improvement material component according to claim 1, wherein the biochar is prepared by crushing garden plant branches and calcining and carbonizing the crushed garden plant branches in an anoxic environment.
3. The vegetable biomass-increasing soil amendment material component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biochar is prepared by the following steps: drying the crushed garden plant branches, placing the dried garden plant branches into a carbonizing machine, introducing flowing inert atmosphere, and keeping the temperature at 400-500 ℃ for calcining and carbonizing for 5-12 hours.
4. The vegetable biomass-increasing soil material improving component according to claim 2, wherein the garden plant branches are cinnamomum camphora branches and bamboo strips.
5. The vegetable biomass-increasing soil improvement material component according to claim 1, wherein the compost is prepared by stacking and fermenting branches of trees and shrubs as compost after mixing with nitrogen.
6. The vegetable biomass-increasing soil amendment material composition according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the compost is prepared by: mixing branches of trees and shrubs as a stacking material with nitrogen according to the C/N ratio of (30-20) to 1 to obtain a fermentation base material, adding a microbial agent accounting for 0.1-0.15% of the mass of the fermentation base material, controlling the humidity of the fermentation base material to be 40-60%, stirring, mixing, laminating, fermenting, heating to 55-60 ℃, turning over every 2-3 days, stirring, supplementing water, and fermenting for 50-60 days.
7. The soil improvement material component for increasing vegetable biomass according to claim 6, wherein the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of bacillus, fungi, saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria, wherein the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 1.0 hundred million/g.
8. The soil amendment material component for increasing vegetable biomass according to claim 1, wherein the vegetables are Brassica oleracea.
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