CN106518536B - Production method of special fertilizer for mulberry - Google Patents

Production method of special fertilizer for mulberry Download PDF

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CN106518536B
CN106518536B CN201611012515.9A CN201611012515A CN106518536B CN 106518536 B CN106518536 B CN 106518536B CN 201611012515 A CN201611012515 A CN 201611012515A CN 106518536 B CN106518536 B CN 106518536B
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fertilizer
mulberry
fermentation
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organic
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CN106518536A (en
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张树
谢秀玲
陈云端
陈波恩
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Guangxi Li Tang Far East Chemical Fertilizer Co ltd
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Guangxi Li Tang Far East Chemical Fertilizer Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method of a special fertilizer for mulberry, which comprises the following steps: the fertilizer special for the mulberry comprises the steps of preparing an organic fertilizer, preparing materials, granulating and the like, and according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the growth of the mulberry, the fertilizer special for the mulberry can provide nutrient elements required by the growth of the mulberry through the compounding of organic and inorganic fertilizers, wherein the fertilizer has reasonable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content proportion and contains organic matters, and medium and trace element fertilizers, and simultaneously improves the soil environment, the organic matter content of the soil and the utilization rate of the fertilizer, thereby playing the roles of increasing the production and the income. Compared with the conventional fertilizer, the fertilizer special for the mulberry produced by the invention can increase the mulberry leaf yield by more than 15%, increase the mulberry fruit yield by more than 10% and has obvious yield increase effect.

Description

Production method of special fertilizer for mulberry
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a production method of a fertilizer special for mulberry.
Background
Mulberry is a perennial plant with a high yield age of more than 20 years, and is a deciduous tree of the genus Morus of the family Moraceae. The mulberry leaves are egg-shaped and are used as feed for silkworm. The mulberry is one of the important economic forest trees in ancient China, and the most important value is silkworm breeding. China is the origin of the world silkworm industry. The wild mulberry leaves can be collected for feeding silkworms at first, and then the artificial mulberry planting is transited with the development of the silkworm industry. Mulberry trees are cultivated all over the country, especially in the rivers and Zhejiang, and have a long history. The leaves, fruits, woods, branches and the like of the mulberry can be used for feeding silkworms, eating, brewing, weaving baskets, making paper and manufacturing various appliances, and meanwhile, the leaves, roots, barks, twigs, clusters, woods, parasites and the like of the mulberry are good medicines for preventing and treating diseases. The mulberry is originally produced in the middle of China, and has a cultivation history of about four thousand years. The cultivation range is wide, and the cultivation is most in the regions from south to Guangdong, Guangxi, east to Taiwan, west to Sichuan and Yunnan, and in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.
Silkworm is a traditional rural industry in China, and the quantity and quality of mulberry leaves produced by mulberry directly influence the quantity and quality of silkworm breeding. In the traditional mulberry field management, no fertilizer or farmyard manure and a small amount of simple substance fertilizer are applied, and the mulberry leaves produced by the mulberry trees can not meet the requirement of mulberry cultivation in terms of yield and quality, thereby becoming one of the important factors restricting the development of the mulberry industry. The 16 nutrient elements essential for the growth and development of the mulberry are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium which are needed in large quantity. According to the determination, the mulberry needs most nitrogen, has the second potassium and the third phosphorus. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by mulberry is generally 1: 0.17: 0.5, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by leaves is 1: 0.1: 0.5, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by branches is 1: 0.33: 0.67. The mulberry is a perennial woody plant, and has long growth period and large growth amount; developed root system, strong fertilizer absorbing capacity and large land energy consumption. In one year, the mulberry is divided into four growth periods of a germination period, a vigorous growth period, a slow growth period and a dormancy period; there are two growth peaks in a year, namely the spring and summer and autumn. The growth peak of the sprout in spring period is reached 40 days after bud removal, the sprout is germinated 7-10 days after summer cutting to generate new roots, the buds, leaves and branches grow rapidly to reach the growth peak in summer and autumn, and the sprout is transferred to slow growth period and dormancy period after 70-80 days. During the peak growth period, enough fertilizer must be applied to increase the growth amount.
When people fertilize mulberries, raw materials such as chemical fertilizers, urea and excrement are generally adopted to fertilize mulberries, although the effect is good, the nutritional ingredients contained in the chemical fertilizers and the urea can not meet the nutritional requirements of the mulberries, and although the chemical fertilizers can meet the growth requirements of crops in a short time, the long-term use of the chemical fertilizers can damage the soil aggregate structure, soil hardening and soil hardening are easily caused, so that the growth and quality reduction of the crops are influenced, and vicious circle is caused. At present, the conditions of mulberry field standing in China are generally poor, a silkworm farmer applies nitrogen fertilizer for a long time, the investment of organic fertilizer is ignored, in addition, the soil management mostly adopts cleaning and ploughing and leaves are picked for many times every year for a long time, a large amount of nutrients are taken away, the input of exogenous organic substances is insufficient, the soil fertility degradation is obvious, and the organic matter content of the mulberry field soil is not high. Therefore, according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the mulberry, the fertilizer special for the mulberry is researched, the fertilizer can meet the growth requirement of the mulberry, the yield of the mulberry leaves and the mulberry fruits is increased, the quality of the soil in the mulberry field can be effectively improved, and the improvement of the content of organic matters in the soil in the mulberry field is important for the development of the silkworm industry.
In the aspect of special fertilizer for mulberry, relevant documents are searched, such as: application No. 201410641651.9 discloses a special fertilizer for mulberry and a preparation method thereof, the method provided by the invention is used for preparing the special fertilizer for mulberry after fermenting raw materials such as river mud, weathered coal, tea waste residue and the like, the fertilizer contains organic matters, agricultural waste is fully utilized for recycling, and the environment protection is facilitated. The Chinese patent with the application number of 201110107909.3 discloses a special fertilizer for silkworm, which consists of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and an adhesive, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-90% of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and 10-40% of adhesive. Compared with the prior art, the method overcomes the defects that the regional mulberry fertilization is performed by using a simple substance fertilizer and a common compound fertilizer for a long time, the fresh leaves of the mulberry are low in quality, and the yield is not remarkably increased, and the yield increasing effect of the fertilizer is exerted to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method of a special fertilizer for mulberry, which can provide nutrient elements required by the growth of mulberry by compounding organic and inorganic fertilizers according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the growth of mulberry, wherein the fertilizer contains reasonable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, organic matters and medium trace element fertilizers, and simultaneously improves the soil environment, the organic matter content of the soil and the utilization rate of the fertilizer, thereby playing a role in increasing the production and income.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a production method of a fertilizer special for mulberry comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: laying a layer of sawdust with the height of 4-5cm in a fermentation tunnel kiln as a bottom layer, stacking the sawdust, mushroom bran, municipal sludge, bagasse pith, animal manure, sugar mill filter mud and municipal sludge layer by layer from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the thickness of each layer of the materials is 35-40cm except the bottom layer, a layer of fermentation mushroom material is uniformly applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer to obtain a fermentation material, after fermenting for 15-20 days, turning the fermentation material by using a strip stack self-propelled turning machine to fully and uniformly mix different types of materials, stacking the materials into strip stacks, and continuing to ferment for 15-20 days to obtain the organic fertilizer;
(2) preparing materials: the prepared organic fertilizer is sampled and tested to N, P in the organic fertilizer2O5 、K2And the mass percentages of O and organic matters are calculated, then the mass of the inorganic fertilizer required to be added is calculated according to the inspection result, and the secondary element fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are added, so that the obtained mixed material comprises the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the mixed material: total nutrient N + P2O5+K230-32% of O, more than or equal to 20% of organic matter, 0.8-2.5% of secondary elements and 0.04-0.5% of trace elements;
(3) and (3) granulation: and (3) according to the calculation result in the step (2), fully and uniformly mixing an inorganic fertilizer, a secondary element fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer with the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (1), crushing by using an automatic feeding system, fully and uniformly mixing, granulating by using bentonite as a binder according to a drum granulation method, screening particles, automatically metering and packaging, and checking to be qualified to obtain the fertilizer.
In the production method of the special fertilizer for mulberry, the inorganic fertilizer contains N, P2O5 、K2O, wherein the inorganic fertilizer contains the following elements of more than or equal to 17 percent by mass of N and P2O5 ≥4%、K2O is more than or equal to 9 percent; wherein the element N is provided by urea, P2O5Supplied by diammonium phosphate; k2O is provided by potassium sulfate.
According to the production method of the special fertilizer for the mulberry, the secondary element fertilizer is a fertilizer containing magnesium, calcium and sulfur, and contains the following elements of 0.3-0.7% of Mg, 0.2-0.8% of Ca and 0.3-1.0% of S by mass percent; wherein the Mg element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water; the Ca element is provided by hydrated lime; the S element is provided by magnesium sulfate with crystal water.
According to the production method of the special fertilizer for the mulberry, the microelement fertilizer contains the elements of iron, zinc and manganese, the microelement fertilizer contains 0.02-0.10% of Fe, 0.01-0.20% of Zn and 0.010-0.20% of Mn by mass percent, wherein the element of iron is provided by ferrous sulfate, the element of zinc is provided by zinc sulfate containing crystal water, and the element of manganese is provided by manganese sulfate.
In the production method of the fertilizer special for mulberry, in the step (1), air is blown into the bottom of the fermentation material by a fan or an air compressor during the fermentation time before the fermentation material is turned over, and the size of the strip pile in the step (1) is 6-8 meters long, 2-3 meters wide and 0.5-0.7 meter high.
The production method of the special fertilizer for the mulberry comprises the steps of mixing the fermentation fungus materials used in the step (1) according to the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum, phanerochaete chrysosporium, candida utilis and actinomycetes to the bacillus licheniformis, the lactobacillus plantarum, the phanerochaete chrysosporium, the candida utilis and the actinomycetes to be 0.7-1:0.3-0.5:1-1.3:0.6-0.8:0.8-1.0 to obtain mixed bacteria, wherein the content specification of each microorganism strain is more than 2 effective active bacteria per gram, the mixed bacteria are subjected to strain expansion culture before use, then waste liquid and waste residue collected from a slaughterhouse are added into the mixed bacteria material obtained after expansion culture and are uniformly mixed to obtain the fermentation fungus materials, the adding amount of the waste liquid and the waste residue is 0.6-0.8 times of the mixed bacteria material, the amount of the fermentation material applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer in the step (1) is 0.3-0.5 kg. The mixed bacteria are subjected to strain amplification culture before use, and the culture medium comprises the following components: 2.5 percent of bran, 19 percent of brown sugar, 1 to 2 percent of potato powder, 0.1 percent of urea, 0.15 percent of ammonium sulfate, 0.003 to 0.005 percent of MgSO4·7H2O，0.001%-0.003%FeSO4·7H2O, 0.01% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; the culture method comprises the following steps: inoculating the strain into a seed fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-9.0, the inoculation amount is 5%, the stirring speed is 250r/min, the ventilation volume is 3-5L/min, and the fermentation time is 60 h.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by stacking sawdust, mushroom bran, municipal sludge, bagasse pith, animal manure, sugar mill filter mud and municipal sludge and performing compost fermentation, wherein the sawdust refers to foam sawdust of trees scattered from the trees due to cutting during wood processing, the sawdust has high carbon-nitrogen ratio, is most resistant to fermentation, is loose and porous in sawdust, has the best water retention property and better air permeability, is used as the bottom layer of a fermentation material, is beneficial to the dispersion of water in the fermentation material and improves the fermentation efficiency, and the fermented and rotten sawdust has comprehensive nutrition, no worry of partial nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium deficiency, has loose texture and is moderate in dryness and wetness. The mushroom bran is prepared by using straw, sawdust and other raw materials to substitute edible mushrooms for cultivation, and the mushroom bran obtained by cultivating the edible mushrooms with the remainder of the culture medium after receiving the goods is a good organic fertilizer. The municipal sludge is solid waste generated in the municipal sewage treatment process, contains rich organic matters and mineral substances, can provide nutrients required by plant growth, and can improve soil.
The bagasse pith and the filter mud of the sugar mill are byproducts of the sugar mill, the bagasse pith generally contains 90-92% of dry matter, 2.0% of crude protein, 44-46% of crude fiber, 0.7% of crude fat, 42% of nitrogen-free extract and 2-3% of crude ash, and the bagasse pith is a very concentrated and abundant resource. The main components of the filter mud of the sugar refinery are broken fibers, fatty substances, proteins, mineral substances and a small amount of sugar, and the filter mud contains various nutrient components which can be absorbed by crops, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the like, and is activated to enable organic substances in the filter mud to be further recombined and humified, so that the filter mud becomes a novel efficient, safe and high-quality biological fertilizer, and meets the production requirements of organic and green agriculture. The animal manure comprises chicken manure, pig manure, cow and sheep manure, duck manure, quail manure, rabbit manure, pigeon manure and other animal manure, the components in the animal manure are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, organic matters, urea, uric acid, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and other inorganic salts, the animal manure is fermented to prepare the fertilizer, the animal manure can be fully utilized, and the content of the organic matters in the obtained organic fertilizer can be greatly improved.
According to the invention, the sawdust, the mushroom bran, the municipal sludge, the bagasse pith, the animal manure, the sugar mill filter mud and the municipal sludge are stacked layer by layer, and are subjected to composting fermentation after the fermentation mushroom material is added, so that wastes such as the sawdust, the mushroom bran and the municipal sludge are changed into valuable substances, the wastes are fully utilized, various wastes generated in life are greatly digested, the pollution to the environment is reduced, organic matters generated by the organic fertilizer obtained after fermentation are fully utilized for plants, the nutrients are provided for crops, the soil can be effectively improved, and the content of the organic matters in the soil is increased.
Among the mixed bacteria used in the fermentation material of the present invention, Bacillus licheniformis (scientific name: Bacillus licheniformis) is a commonly occurring gram-positive thermophilic bacterium in soil. The bacillus licheniformis is nontoxic, has strong capability of degrading ammonia, nitrogen, mineral substances and heavy metals, can secrete protein polypeptide active substances, and can inhibit propagation of harmful bacteria such as escherichia coli, salmonella and the like; can secrete a large amount of extracellular enzymes (protease, amylase, cellulase, metalloprotease, neutral protease, lipase, etc.), and degrade proteins, cellulose, mineral elements, etc.; can also secrete amination oxidase and degradation sulfide enzymes, oxidize indole compounds (skatole), hydrogen sulfide, nitrite and the like into odorless and nonhazardous substances, eliminate the peculiar smell of animal waste, and the bacillus licheniformis can effectively degrade high molecular substances into low molecular substances.
Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) is one of the lactobacilli, facultative anaerobic, with a surface colony diameter of about 3mm, convex, round, smooth, fine, white, occasionally light yellow or dark yellow. The lactobacillus plantarum is gram-positive bacteria which are fermented by taking sugar as a raw material to generate lactic acid, can decompose protein, sugar, fat and the like in food, and improves the digestibility and the biological value of the food; the lactobacillus plantarum is used for the pond and can decompose organic matters at the bottom of the pond, deodorize, eliminate algae toxins, create a good inhabitation environment, degrade harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in a water body, reduce organic oxygen consumption, indirectly oxygenate, improve water quality,
the white rot fungi are the only microorganisms in nature with the capability of independently degrading lignin, secrete enzymes such as lignin degrading enzyme and cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase, and are more suitable for decomposing natural lignocellulose substances than trichoderma, aspergillus and the like. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phanerochaee chrysosporium) is one of white rot fungi (white rot fungi), has good degradation effect on lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, and after straw is fermented by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, most of low-quality non-protein nitrogen is converted into high-quality mycoprotein, and the protein quality is greatly improved. The addition of the phanerochaete chrysosporium is beneficial to increasing the number of fungi in the compost, so that the enzyme activity levels of cellulose and hemicellulose are improved, the decomposition of the cellulose and the hemicellulose is accelerated, and the composting process is promoted; the inoculation of phanerochaete chrysosporium can further increase the composting temperature, is favorable for accelerating the decomposition of organic matters of the compost and improving the maturity, thereby obviously increasing the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium in the compost after the fermentation is finished.
The Candida utilis is also called torula utilis or torula gracilis, latin is named Candida utilis, cells of the Candida utilis are in a circular shape, an oval shape or a sausage shape, and the size of the cells is (3.5-4.5) um x (7-13) um. The candida utilis can utilize cellulosic raw materials to produce fermented feed with enriched nutrition, living yeast cells can also secrete various enzymes such as amylase, protease, cellulase and the like extracellularly, and the candida utilis can also assimilate organic matters in animal excrement such as uric acid, oligopeptides, other organic acids and the like in the fermentation process, so that the fermentation of the fermented feed is more sufficient.
Actinomycetes (the name of Latin corporation: Actinobacillia) is a group of prokaryotes, a group of gram-positive bacteria with high (G + C) mol% content (> 55%), and can decompose many organic compounds, including complex compounds such as aromatic compounds, paraffin, rubber, cellulose, wood and the like, and some compounds with strong toxicity such as cyanogen and the like. Most of the actinomycetes can generate antibiotics, have strong capacity of decomposing cellulose, can secrete organic acid, physiologically active substances and antibiotics to inhibit pathogenic bacteria from spreading, can participate in the transformation of compounds such as nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, and has the effects of promoting growth, resisting diseases and fertilizing crops.
The mixed bacteria used by the fermentation bacteria material of the invention consists of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum, phanerochaete chrysosporium, candida utilis and actinomycetes, can effectively decompose urban sludge, bagasse pith, animal manure, sugar mill filter mud and other materials in the fermentation material, effectively degrade high molecular substances into low molecular substances, and can improve the temperature of compost under the action of mixed bacteria strains, thereby improving the degree of maturity of the fermentation material.
Moreover, the invention carries out the expanded culture on the mixed bacteria, the effective bacteria content is obviously increased after the expanded propagation, the utilization rate of the strains is obviously improved, the fermentation time can be greatly shortened, and the production cost is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the organic fertilizer used in the production method of the special fertilizer for mulberry is obtained by stacking different types of fermentation materials layer by layer and performing composting fermentation, the fermentation is performed for 15-20 days, the temperature of the fermentation materials is increased during the period, so that most harmful pathogenic organisms can be killed, cellulose and hemicellulose in the fermentation materials are hydrolyzed well, and N and CO are reduced2The water-soluble organic carbon content which can be directly absorbed by plants is greatly improved, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the substrate is increased, and the compost is not turned during the period, so that the times and time for turning the compost are reduced, the material decomposition is accelerated, the composting period is shortened, and the product quality is improved; after the fermented materials are turned and stacked by the strip-stacked self-propelled stack turning machine, the materials of different types are fully and uniformly mixed, and the materials can dissipate heat and expel toxin. The organic fertilizer used in the invention is obtained by fermenting the waste such as sawdust, mushroom residue, municipal sludge, bagasse pith, animal waste and the like, thereby not only reducing the pollution of the waste mushroom residue, the animal waste and the like to the environment, but also realizing the purpose of recycling the waste.
2. The fermentation bacteria material used in the invention is obtained by uniformly mixing the mixed bacteria after the expanded culture and the waste liquid and the waste residue collected from a slaughterhouse, so that the waste liquid and the waste residue generated in the slaughterhouse are fully utilized, and gastric juice and gastric residues taken out from animals in the slaughterhouse contain various digestive enzymes such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, rennin and the like in the gastric juice, and can degrade crude fibers; waste liquid and waste residue obtained by collecting in the slaughterhouse are mixed with the mixed bacteria and then used as the fermentation bacteria material of the material, so that the microbial content in the fermentation bacteria material can be improved, compared with the fermentation effect of fermenting by independently using the mixed bacteria, the fermentation effect of the material can be greatly improved after the waste liquid and the waste residue obtained by collecting in the slaughterhouse are added into the mixed bacteria and mixed. During the composting process, the zymophyte material can rapidly promote the mineralization and humification of organic matter materials, and nutrients are changed from an ineffective state and a slow-acting state into an effective state and a quick-acting state; not only has strong decomposition function to organic materials, but also breeds a large amount of functional bacteria and produces various metabolites in the fermentation process, thereby stimulating the growth and development of crops; the microorganisms in the fermentation bacteria material can decompose organic substances, organic sulfides, organic nitrogen and the like which can generate malodorous gases, inhibit the growth of putrefying microorganisms, and greatly improve the air condition of production places.
3. The special fertilizer for the mulberry, which is produced by the invention, is compounded by organic and inorganic fertilizers, has reasonable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content proportion, contains organic matters, is a medium-trace element fertilizer, has high nutrition and high efficiency, can provide nutrient elements required by the growth of the mulberry, and is beneficial to the absorption of the mulberry. The special fertilizer has high organic matter content, can provide sufficient nutrients for plants, can eliminate side effects caused by chemical fertilizers, effectively improves the quality of the soil in the mulberry field, improves the soil environment, improves the organic matter content of the soil, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and thus has the effects of increasing the yield and the income. The special fertilizer is also added with medium elements such as magnesium, calcium and sulfur and trace element fertilizers such as iron, zinc and manganese according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the mulberry, and can provide medium elements and trace elements required by growth of the mulberry, so that the growth of the mulberry is promoted. The special fertilizer for the mulberry produced by the invention has rich nutrition, good fertilizer effect and high fertilizer utilization rate, and compared with the conventional fertilizer, the special fertilizer for the mulberry has the advantages that the yield of the mulberry leaves is increased by more than 15%, the yield of the mulberry fruits is increased by more than 10%, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A production method of a fertilizer special for mulberry comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: laying a layer of sawdust with the height of 4cm as a bottom layer in a fermentation tunnel kiln, then stacking the sawdust, mushroom bran, municipal sludge, bagasse pith, animal manure, sugar mill filter mud and municipal sludge layer by layer from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the thickness of each layer of material is 35cm except the bottom layer, a layer of fermentation mushroom material is uniformly applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer to obtain a fermentation material, after fermenting for 15 days, turning the fermentation material by using a strip pile self-propelled turning machine to fully mix the materials of different types, and stacking the materials into strip piles with the length of 6 meters, the width of 2 meters and the height of 0.5 meter, and continuously fermenting for 20 days to obtain the organic fertilizer;
(2) preparing materials: the prepared organic fertilizer is sampled and tested to N, P in the organic fertilizer2O5 、K2The mass percentage of O and organic matters is calculated, and then the mass of inorganic fertilizer which contains N, P and needs to be added is calculated according to the inspection result2O5 、K2O, wherein the inorganic fertilizer contains the following elements of more than or equal to 17 percent by mass of N and P2O5 ≥4%、K2O is more than or equal to 9 percent; wherein the element N is provided by urea, P2O5Supplied by diammonium phosphate; k2O is provided by potassium sulfate; and adding a secondary element fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixed material comprises the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the mixed material: total nutrient N + P2O5+K230-32% of O, 20% of organic matters, 0.8% of secondary elements and 0.04% of trace elements; the secondary element fertilizer is a fertilizer containing magnesium, calcium and sulfur, and contains the following elements of 0.3 percent of Mg, 0.2 percent of Ca and 0.3 percent of S by mass percent; wherein the Mg element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water; the Ca element is provided by hydrated lime; the S element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water; the microelement fertilizer contains Fe 0.02%, Zn 0.01%, and Mn 0.010%, wherein the Fe is provided by ferrous sulfate, the Zn is provided by zinc sulfate containing crystal water, and the Mn is provided by sulfurProviding manganese acid;
(3) and (3) granulation: and (3) according to the calculation result in the step (2), fully and uniformly mixing an inorganic fertilizer, a secondary element fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer with the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (1), crushing by using an automatic feeding system, fully and uniformly mixing, granulating by using bentonite as a binder according to a drum granulation method, screening particles, automatically metering and packaging, and checking to be qualified to obtain the fertilizer.
In the step (1), a fan or an air compressor is used for generating the fermentation materials in the fermentation time before turning over the fermentation materials
Blowing air into the bottom of the fermentation material; the fermentation bacteria used in the step (1) are mixed according to the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum, phanerochaete chrysosporium, candida utilis and actinomycetes to 0.7:0.3:1:0.6:0.8 to obtain mixed bacteria, the content specification of each microbial strain is more than 2 hundred million effective active bacteria per gram, the mixed bacteria are subjected to strain expansion culture before use, and the culture medium comprises the following components: 2.5 percent of bran, 19 percent of brown sugar, 1 percent of potato powder, 0.1 percent of urea, 0.15 percent of ammonium sulfate, 0.003 percent of MgSO4·7H2O，0.003%FeSO4·7H2O, 0.01% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; the culture method comprises the following steps: inoculating the strain into a seed fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-9.0, the inoculation amount is 5%, the stirring speed is 250r/min, the ventilation volume is 3L/min, and the fermentation time is 60 h; then adding waste liquid and waste residue collected from a slaughterhouse into the mixed bacteria material obtained after the expanded culture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermentation bacteria material, wherein the adding amount of the waste liquid and the waste residue is 0.6 times of the weight of the mixed bacteria material, and the amount of the fermentation material applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer in the step (1) is 0.3 kg.
Example 2
A production method of a fertilizer special for mulberry comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: laying a layer of sawdust with the height of 4.5cm in a fermentation tunnel kiln as a bottom layer, stacking the sawdust, mushroom bran, municipal sludge, bagasse pith, animal manure, sugar mill filter mud and municipal sludge layer by layer from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the thickness of each layer of material is 37cm except the bottom layer, a layer of fermentation mushroom material is uniformly applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer to obtain a fermentation material, after fermenting for 18 days, turning the fermentation material by using a strip pile self-propelled turning machine to fully mix the materials of different types, and stacking the materials into a strip pile, wherein the strip pile is 7 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 0.6 meter high, and continuously fermenting for 17 days to obtain the organic fertilizer;
(2) preparing materials: the prepared organic fertilizer is sampled and tested to N, P in the organic fertilizer2O5 、K2The mass percentage of O and organic matters is calculated, and then the mass of inorganic fertilizer which contains N, P and needs to be added is calculated according to the inspection result2O5 、K2O, wherein the inorganic fertilizer contains the following elements of more than or equal to 17 percent by mass of N and P2O5 ≥4%、K2O is more than or equal to 9 percent; wherein the element N is provided by urea, P2O5Supplied by diammonium phosphate; k2O is provided by potassium sulfate; and adding a secondary element fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixed material comprises the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the mixed material: total nutrient N + P2O5+K230-32% of O, 25% of organic matters, 1.5% of secondary elements and 0.25% of trace elements; the secondary element fertilizer is a fertilizer containing magnesium, calcium and sulfur, and contains the following elements of 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.4 percent of Ca and 0.6 percent of S by mass percent; wherein the Mg element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water; the Ca element is provided by hydrated lime; the S element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water; the microelement fertilizer contains 0.08% of Fe, 0.10% of Zn and 0.07% of Mn by mass, wherein the Fe element is provided by ferrous sulfate, the Zn element is provided by zinc sulfate containing crystal water, and the Mn element is provided by manganese sulfate;
(3) and (3) granulation: and (3) according to the calculation result in the step (2), fully and uniformly mixing an inorganic fertilizer, a secondary element fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer with the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (1), crushing by using an automatic feeding system, fully and uniformly mixing, granulating by using bentonite as a binder according to a drum granulation method, screening particles, automatically metering and packaging, and checking to be qualified to obtain the fertilizer.
In the step (1), a fan or an air compressor is used for generating the fermentation materials in the fermentation time before turning over the fermentation materials
Blowing air into the bottom of the fermented material. The fermentation bacteria used in the step (1) are mixed according to the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum, phanerochaete chrysosporium, candida utilis and actinomycetes to 0.8:0.4:1.2:0.7:0.9 to obtain mixed bacteria, the content specification of each microbial strain is more than 2 hundred million effective active bacteria per gram, the mixed bacteria are subjected to strain expansion culture before use, and the culture medium comprises the following components: 2.5 percent of bran, 19 percent of brown sugar, 2 percent of potato powder, 0.1 percent of urea, 0.15 percent of ammonium sulfate and 0.005 percent of MgSO4·7H2O， 0.001%FeSO4·7H2O, 0.01% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; the culture method comprises the following steps: inoculating the strain into a seed fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-9.0, the inoculation amount is 5%, the stirring speed is 250r/min, the ventilation volume is 4L/min, and the fermentation time is 60 h; then adding waste liquid and waste residue collected from a slaughterhouse into the mixed bacteria material obtained after the expanded culture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermentation bacteria material, wherein the adding amount of the waste liquid and the waste residue is 0.7 times of the weight of the mixed bacteria material, and the amount of the fermentation material applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer in the step (1) is 0.4 kg.
Example 3
A production method of a fertilizer special for mulberry comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: laying a layer of sawdust with the height of 5cm in a fermentation tunnel kiln as a bottom layer, stacking the sawdust, mushroom bran, municipal sludge, bagasse pith, animal manure, sugar mill filter mud and municipal sludge layer by layer from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the thickness of each layer of the materials is 40cm except the bottom layer, a layer of fermentation mushroom material is uniformly applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer to obtain a fermentation material, after fermenting for 20 days, turning the fermentation material by using a strip pile self-propelled turning machine to fully mix the materials of different types, and stacking the materials into strip piles with the length of 8 meters, the width of 3 meters and the height of 0.7 meter, and continuously fermenting for 15 days to obtain the organic fertilizer;
(2) preparing materials: the prepared organic fertilizer is sampled and tested to N, P in the organic fertilizer2O5 、K2The mass percentage of O and organic matters is calculated, and then the mass of inorganic fertilizer which contains N, P and needs to be added is calculated according to the inspection result2O5 、K2O, wherein the inorganic fertilizer contains the following elements of more than or equal to 17 percent by mass of N and P2O5 ≥4%、K2O is more than or equal to 9 percent; wherein the element N is provided by urea, P2O5Supplied by diammonium phosphate; k2O is provided by potassium sulfate; and adding a secondary element fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixed material comprises the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the mixed material: total nutrient N + P2O5+K230-32% of O, more than or equal to 20% of organic matters, 2.5% of secondary elements and 0.5% of trace elements; the secondary element fertilizer is a fertilizer containing magnesium, calcium and sulfur, and contains the following elements of 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.8 percent of Ca and 1.0 percent of S by mass percent; wherein the Mg element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water; the Ca element is provided by hydrated lime; the S element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water; the microelement fertilizer contains 0.10% of Fe, 0.20% of Zn and 0.20% of Mn by mass percentage, wherein the Fe element is provided by ferrous sulfate, the Zn element is provided by zinc sulfate containing crystal water, and the Mn element is provided by manganese sulfate;
(3) and (3) granulation: and (3) according to the calculation result in the step (2), fully and uniformly mixing an inorganic fertilizer, a secondary element fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer with the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (1), crushing by using an automatic feeding system, fully and uniformly mixing, granulating by using bentonite as a binder according to a drum granulation method, screening particles, automatically metering and packaging, and checking to be qualified to obtain the fertilizer.
In the step (1), a fan or an air compressor is used for generating the fermentation materials in the fermentation time before turning over the fermentation materials
Blowing air into the bottom of the fermented material. The fermentation bacteria used in the step (1) are mixed according to the weight ratio of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum, phanerochaete chrysosporium, candida utilis and actinomycetes to 1: 0.5: 1.3:0.8: 1.0, wherein the content specification of each microorganism strain is more than 2 hundred million effective active bacteria per gram, the mixed bacteria are subjected to strain expansion culture before use, and the culture medium comprises: 2.5 percent of bran, 19 percent of brown sugar, 1.3 percent of potato powder, 0.1 percent of urea, 0.15 percent of ammonium sulfate and 0.004 percent of MgSO4·7H2O， 0.002%FeSO4·7H2O, 0.01% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; the culture method comprises the following steps: inoculating the strain into a seed fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-9.0, the inoculation amount is 5%, the stirring speed is 250r/min, the ventilation volume is 5L/min, and the fermentation time is 60 h; then adding waste liquid and waste residue collected from a slaughterhouse into the mixed bacteria material obtained after the expanded culture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermentation bacteria material, wherein the adding amount of the waste liquid and the waste residue is 0.8 times of the weight of the mixed bacteria material, and the amount of the fermentation material applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer in the step (1) is 0.5 kg.
Application effects
In order to further illustrate the advantages of the fertilizer special for mulberry produced by the method for producing the fertilizer special for mulberry, the inventor adopts the fertilizer special for mulberry produced by the invention to carry out experiments in Bingyang county of south-ning city in Guangxi, compares the effects with the effects of the conventional fertilizer for mulberry in the market, and carries out statistics on the experimental results such as the yield increasing effect of mulberry.
The test cases were as follows:
1. variety: husang No. 32;
2. and (3) test treatment:
firstly, using 12-6-7 inorganic compound fertilizer as conventional fertilizer for mulberry, and treating 3 mu in total at 70 kg/mu;
② processing 1-the fertilizer special for mulberry produced in the embodiment 1 of the invention, 70 kg/mu, processing 3 mu;
processing 2-the fertilizer special for mulberry produced in the embodiment 2 of the invention is processed for 3 mu at 70 kg/mu;
fourthly, 3-the mulberry special fertilizer produced in the embodiment 3 of the invention is treated with 70 kg/mu of fertilizer and 3 mu of fertilizer;
3. the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: forming holes between two mulberries on one side of a tree row, wherein the depth of each hole is 20 cm, and the holes and the furrows are alternately fertilized each time;
4. and (3) test results:
the effect of applying the special fertilizer for mulberry trees and the conventional fertilizer on the yields of mulberry leaves and mulberries is shown in table 1 below:
Figure 608177DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
from the above table 1, compared with the conventional fertilizer for mulberry, the fertilizer special for mulberry can greatly improve the yield of mulberry leaves and mulberries, the yield of mulberry leaves can be increased by more than 15% and the yield of mulberry fruits can be increased by more than 10% by using the fertilizer special for mulberry, and the fertilizer has obvious yield increasing effect and remarkable economic benefit.
The influence of the application of the fertilizer special for mulberry and the application of the conventional fertilizer on mulberry leaves is shown in the following table 2:
Figure 453161DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
as can be seen from table 2 above, the length, thickness and weight of the leaves of the mulberry can be increased and the contents of crude protein, soluble sugar and crude fat in the leaves of the mulberry can be significantly increased by using the fertilizer for mulberry of the present invention, as compared to the conventional fertilizer for mulberry.

Claims (1)

1. The production method of the fertilizer special for the mulberry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing an organic fertilizer: laying a layer of sawdust with the height of 4-5cm in a fermentation tunnel kiln as a bottom layer, stacking the sawdust, mushroom bran, municipal sludge, bagasse pith, animal manure, sugar mill filter mud and municipal sludge layer by layer from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the thickness of each layer of the materials is 35-40cm except the bottom layer, a layer of fermentation mushroom material is uniformly applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer to obtain a fermentation material, after fermenting for 15-20 days, turning the fermentation material by using a strip stack self-propelled turning machine to fully and uniformly mix different types of materials, stacking the materials into strip stacks, and continuing to ferment for 15-20 days to obtain the organic fertilizer;
(2) preparing materials: the prepared organic fertilizer is sampled and tested to N, P in the organic fertilizer2O5、K2And the mass percentages of O and organic matters are calculated, then the mass of the inorganic fertilizer required to be added is calculated according to the inspection result, and the secondary element fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are added, so that the obtained mixed material comprises the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the mixed material: total nutrient N + P2O5+K230-32% of O, more than or equal to 20% of organic matter, 0.8-2.5% of secondary elements and 0.04-0.5% of trace elements;
(3) and (3) granulation: according to the calculation result in the step (2), fully and uniformly mixing an inorganic fertilizer, a secondary element fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer with the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (1), crushing by an automatic feeding system, fully and uniformly mixing, granulating by a drum granulation method by using bentonite as a binder, screening particles, automatically metering and packaging, and inspecting to obtain the fertilizer;
the secondary element fertilizer is a fertilizer containing magnesium, calcium and sulfur, and contains the following elements of 0.3-0.7 percent of Mg, 0.2-0.8 percent of Ca and 0.3-1.0 percent of S by mass percent; wherein the Mg element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water; the Ca element is provided by hydrated lime; the S element is provided by magnesium sulfate containing crystal water;
the microelement fertilizer contains the following elements of 0.02-0.10% of Fe, 0.01-0.20% of Zn and 0.010-0.20% of Mn by mass percent, wherein the iron element is provided by ferrous sulfate, the zinc element is provided by zinc sulfate containing crystal water, and the manganese element is provided by manganese sulfate;
the fermentation fungus material used in the step (1) is prepared by firstly mixing bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum, phanerochaete chrysosporium, candida utilis and actinomycetes according to the following weight percentage: lactobacillus plantarum: phanerochaete chrysosporium: candida utilis: mixing actinomycetes at weight ratio of 0.7-1:0.3-0.5:1-1.3:0.6-0.8:0.8-1.0 to obtain mixed bacteria, wherein the content specification of each microbial strain is more than 2 hundred million effective active bacteria per gram, performing strain expansion culture on the mixed bacteria before use, then adding waste liquid and waste residue collected from a slaughterhouse into the mixed bacteria material obtained after the expanded culture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented bacteria material, wherein the adding amount of the waste liquid and the waste residue is 0.6-0.8 time of the weight of the mixed bacteria material, and the amount of the fermented material applied to the contact surface between different material types of each layer in the step (1) is 0.3-0.5 kg;
the mixed bacteria are subjected to strain amplification culture before use, and the culture medium comprises the following components: 2.5 percent of bran, 19 percent of brown sugar, 1 to 2 percent of potato powder, 0.1 percent of urea, 0.15 percent of ammonium sulfate, 0.003 to 0.005 percent of MgSO4·7H2O，0.001%-0.003%FeSO4·7H2O, 0.01% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; the culture method comprises the following steps: inoculating the strain into a seed fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation conditions of the seed fermentation tank are as follows: the temperature is 32 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-9.0, the inoculation amount is 5%, the stirring speed is 250r/min, the ventilation volume is 3-5L/min, and the fermentation time is 60 h;
the inorganic fertilizer contains N, P2O5、K2O, wherein the inorganic fertilizer contains the following elements of more than or equal to 17 percent by mass of N and P2O5≥4%、K2O is more than or equal to 9 percent; wherein the element N is provided by urea, P2O5Supplied by diammonium phosphate; k2O is provided by potassium sulfate;
in the step (1), in the fermentation time before the fermentation material is turned, air is blown into the bottom of the fermentation material by a fan or an air compressor, and the size of the strip stacks in the step (1) is 6-8 meters in length, 2-3 meters in width and 0.5-0.7 meter in height.
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