CN107325990B - Composite microorganism decomposing agent and application thereof in tobacco cultivation - Google Patents
Composite microorganism decomposing agent and application thereof in tobacco cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a compound microorganism decomposing inoculant which is prepared from a compound microbial inoculum and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 3: 2. The composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and filamentous Bacillus succinogenes according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1:3:2, and the organic fertilizer prepared by the composite microbial decomposition agent can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase the structural action of soil aggregates, enhance the content of humus in the soil and improve the activity of microorganisms and enzymes in the soil. Thereby improving the planting yield of the tobacco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a compound microorganism decomposing inoculant and application thereof in tobacco cultivation.
Background
The utilization of crop straws by Chinese farmers has a long history, but only because of low agricultural production level, low yield and small quantity of straws, most of the straws are used as fuel and burnt except that a small quantity of straws are used for gaskets and feeding livestock and part of straws are used for composting. With the development of agricultural production, the grain yield is greatly improved and the quantity of straws is large since the 80 th generation in the 20 th century in China, and in addition to the popularization of the firewood-saving and coal-saving technology and the popularization of coal burning and liquefied gas use, a large amount of surplus straws are available in rural areas, and according to statistics, more than 7 hundred million tons of crop straws are produced every year, and the low-efficiency unclean treatment mode of the straws is not suitable for the requirement of improving the living standard of farmers. Returning straws to the field as an important component in the traditional agricultural production is still one of the most main measures in straw treatment and comprehensive utilization. Although most of the reports already confirm the nutrient effect, the crop yield increasing effect, the environmental and ecological effects of straw returning, the popularization of the straw is limited due to the accumulation and slow decomposition of organic acids after the straw enters the soil and the adverse effects on cultivation, agricultural operation and the like. The method has the advantages that the method accelerates the decomposition of the straws in the soil and becomes a research hotspot in the straw returning technology, and in various technologies, the straw decomposition microbial inoculum is added, so that the method is popular due to low cost, simple operation and the like.
The corn stalks contain precious and balanced cell contents including organic matters, C, N, P, K and various trace elements, and further provide physical conditions such as soil water retention, drainage, void degree and the like, and the nutrition and environmental conditions form an 'organic hotbed' beneficial to soil microorganism breeding, so that the biological property of the soil is improved. If the straws are rotten to naturally develop in the field without reasonable regulation, a strong negative effect can be generated, the phenomenon of 'nitrogen robbing' of the crops is caused by the mass propagation of microorganisms, the phenomenon of yellowing and slow growth is shown, and more seriously, under the condition that the straws are in the advantage of non-aerobic bacteria, the roots of the crops are invaded by harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas or methyl mercaptan and withered. The straws are used as fertilizer, and are mainly directly crushed and returned to the field, most of nutrient elements absorbed by crops can be returned to soil after the straws are returned to the field, soil organic matters are increased, the active effect on maintaining the balance of soil nutrients is achieved, meanwhile, the granular structure and the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved, the soil fertility is increased, the crop yield is increased, the fertilizer consumption is saved, and the agricultural sustainable development is promoted.
It is known in the art that tobacco quality has a relatively strict requirement on cultivated soil, however, straw resources are not reasonably developed for a long time due to the fact that straw is not easily decomposed in a short time, environmental pollution and serious waste of organic resources are caused by incineration, and soil fertility is reduced due to the fact that material circulation of a farmland ecosystem is seriously damaged. The reduced soil fertilizer has great influence on crops with fine nutrition requirements, although the tobacco has strong adaptability to the soil, the tobacco can meet the requirements of the growth and development of the tobacco in various soils from light sandy soil to heavy clay, from acid soil to alkaline soil, from light gray to yellow, red, black soil and the like. However, the tobacco leaves produced by different soils have different flavors, some are bitter, spicy and irritating, some are aromatic and mellow, some are off-white and bright, and some are black and gray and flameout. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the quality of tobacco leaves, the requirements of tobacco production on soil conditions are relatively strict. In order to improve the fertility of the tobacco planting soil, a tobacco grower tries to crush crop straws and add the crushed crop straws into the soil, but the straws are completely decomposed in the soil after a long time, so that the addition of the straws cannot increase the fertility of the soil in time, and the cultivation management of the tobacco is affected.
In the field, products related to straw decomposition agents are not few, and most of the screened straw decomposition agents are single strains, the degradation effect is mostly limited to filter paper or strict application conditions, and the production and use of stable and efficient straw quick degradation flora are not provided. Many of the bacteria having cellulose-degrading ability have been isolated at present, and among them, they belong to the genus of gram-positive bacteria (G)+) There are Cytophaga (Cytophaga), Thermobacter (Caldibacillus), Bacillus (Bacillus), Cytophaga (Sporacryphga), etc.; belonging to the genus of gram-negative bacteria (G)-) There are Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), Erwinia (Erwinia), Cellulomonas (Cellulomonas), Fusarium (Cellfaciula) and the like. In the fermentation inoculum, thermophilic cellulose decomposition bacteria are more, and the research on microbial strains or floras for decomposing cellulose, lignin and wax by normal-temperature (low-temperature) fermentation is far behind the production requirement.
On the basis of a large amount of work, screen out a set of and can use at normal atmospheric temperature, stable straw decomposes mixed fungus crowd of decomposing, demonstrates outstanding effect in pure cultivation straw decomposes in the experiment, and the fertilizer that obtains after decomposing simultaneously is executed in tobacco and is cultivateed soil, obtains the promotion of tobacco quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the corn straw degradation process in the prior art, the corn straw is difficult to decompose by microorganisms in a natural state due to high C/N, so that the corn straw is long in the decomposition and conversion period in soil after being returned to the field and is difficult to serve as a fertilizer source of crops in the season. Provides a compound microorganism decomposing agent.
Another object of the invention is to provide a straw fertilizer treated by the compound microbial corrosive, and the quality of tobacco obtained after the fertilizer is applied can be effectively guaranteed.
The composite microbial decomposing inoculant disclosed by the invention has the advantages that all strains are reasonably compatible, symbiotic and coordinated and are not antagonistic, the preparation method is simple and convenient, the method is easy to implement, and materials are thoroughly decomposed in the treatment process to generate a large number of functional microorganisms and various metabolites such as phytohormones, antibiotics and the like, so that the growth and development of crops are stimulated, the soil nutrients are improved, the soil structure is improved, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is improved, the operation is simple and convenient, and the production is facilitated.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a straw organic fertilizer for tobacco cultivation comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) collecting the straws after harvesting the corns, smashing the straws into sections while the straws are green, then conveying the straws to the ground or a low-lying place nearby, digging grooves around the straws to lift soil for more than 30cm, flattening the pile bottom, compacting the pile bottom and preventing water leakage;
(2) the width of the straw pile is 1.5-2.0 meters, the height is 1.5-1.8 meters, and the length is not limited;
(3) diluting the compound microorganism decomposing inoculant with 8-12 times of water by one day in advance (being beneficial to recovering and enhancing the activity of strains and improving the efficiency of decomposing the decomposing inoculant into straws), adding a dilution activating solution according to 20-22% of the weight of the straws, uniformly mixing, fermenting at normal temperature, detecting the temperature of a fermentation product in the fermentation process, turning the mixed material when the temperature is raised to be higher than 60 ℃, turning the mixed material once every other day, detecting the water content of the material, and ending the fermentation when the water content is less than or equal to 25% to obtain a straw decomposing product;
(4) according to straw decomposition products: and (3) livestock and poultry manure: adding livestock and poultry manure and plant ash in a weight ratio of the plant ash to the plant ash of 8-9:3-4:1-2, uniformly mixing, sealing with mud or a black plastic agricultural film, and fermenting for 10 d to obtain the straw organic fertilizer which can be directly returned to the field.
The corn straw organic fertilizer is uniformly spread in the field according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu to be used as a base fertilizer, and the field is ploughed after the spreading is finished.
The compound microorganism decomposing inoculant is prepared from a compound inoculant and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 3: 2;
the carrier is wheat bran or chitosan.
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and filamentous bacillus succinogenes according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1:3: 2.
Said Aspergillus niger is (Aspergillus niger) ATCC 6275;
the Trichoderma viride is (Trichoderma viride) ATCC 9645;
the Trichoderma pseudokoningii is (Trichoderma koningiensis) CGMCC NO.8948 (see CN 103992958); the fermentation Cytophaga is (A)Cytophaga fermentans）ATCC 19072；
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (A)Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) ATCC 23843；
The filamentous bacillus succinogenes is (Fibrobacter succinogenes) ATCC 19169;
the preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: respectively culturing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, fermenting Cytophaga, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and filamentous bacillus succinogenes to the concentration of 5-7 × 108Mixing bacterial liquid per ml according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1:3:2 to obtain the bacterial liquid;
the livestock and poultry manure is selected from chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, cow manure and the like.
The strain can be purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) and American mode culture collection and storage (ATCC).
The bacteria of the invention can obtain the bacteria liquid with required concentration by a conventional culture method, is limited by space and is not described in detail.
When the straw is crushed, the straw is crushed while being green, so that the loss of sugar in the straw can be reduced, and the straw decomposition accelerating agent plays an important role in increasing soil nutrients; the straws are rich in various nutrients and various trace elements, and can provide sufficient nutrients for microorganisms in soil after fermentation and accumulate nutrients required by plant growth;
the corn straw has complex nutritional composition, which comprises 40% of cellulose, 20-30% of hemicellulose, 24% of lignin, and the balance of crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract. According to the nutritional composition of the corn straws, through a large number of screening tests, strains are reasonably compatible, the obtained microbial inoculum is reasonable in formula, the strains have good synergistic effect, the obtained composite microbial inoculum is strong in complementarity, the composite microbial inoculum can be rapidly propagated after being used, a dominant population is formed, the temperature can be rapidly raised, the decomposition of the straws is promoted, and the content of nutrients such as organic matters and the like after composting is high; the cell structure of the straw can be damaged by using dominant bacteria, and the dissolution of effective components such as starch, protein, cellulose, lignin and the like can be effectively promoted, so that most of protein, cellulose, lignin and the like which are difficult to degrade are oxidized and decomposed to reduce the pressure of subsequent degradation, the degradation speed of the corn straw is accelerated by generating a high temperature of more than 60 ℃, and the problem of long straw decomposition and conversion period caused by low northern air temperature is solved;
the Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275 is a powerful decomposer of cellulose and hemicellulose, has high enzyme activity and good lignin degradation capability, can degrade the lignin wrapped outside the cellulose, and is beneficial to the naked degradation of the cellulose, so that under the biological catalysis of the cellulase, part of the cellulose in the straw is decomposed into oligosaccharide or monosaccharide, and microorganisms in the microbial inoculum can be rapidly reactivated and colonized and grown by means of the sugar and temperature. The trichoderma viride ATCC 9645 applied for the first time in the invention can effectively degrade cellulose, can generate secondary metabolites of antagonistic pathogenic bacteria and plant growth stimulating substances, and has a certain disease-resistant effect. The filamentous bacillus succinogenes is one of rumen bacteria, not only can produce cellulosome (comprising cellulase, endo-hemicellulase and exo-hemicellulase), but also can produce a large amount of cellulose binding protein positioned on the outer surface of cells, so that the bacteria are adhered to straw cellulose, and the degradation capability of the straw cellulose is improved; the cellulase activity of the fermentation cellulophaga bacteria and the amylolytic bacillus is very high, the good degradation capability can be ensured, various antibacterial peptide active substances such as nystatin, gramicidin and the like can be generated in the growth and reproduction process, the active substances can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria of crops, degrade protein, pectin, starch and the like, and balance the oxygen content and the sugar content in feed liquid, so that the resistance of the crops is improved; the trichoderma pseudokoningii applied in the invention can utilize the metabolites of the former five functional bacteria, eliminate the growth inhibition of the five functional bacteria, promote the growth and the propagation of other microorganisms, fully release the mineral substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the straws, improve the straw decomposition effect and accelerate the decomposition speed. Therefore, the strain combination of the invention can ensure that the degradation efficiency is better than that of one strain or other flora alone.
This application adds livestock and poultry excrement and urine as degradation promoter in fermentation process, has accelerated the rotting of maize straw, is favorable to the shortening of degradation cycle, and can make in the straw fertilizer that prepares high content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, is favorable to further improving soil fertility, improves soil quality, and the fertilizer of this application preparation can improve soil materialization property, increases soil granule structure effect, humus content in the reinforcing soil, improves microbial activity and enzymatic activity in the soil. Thereby improving the planting yield of the tobacco.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a straw organic fertilizer for tobacco cultivation comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) collecting the straws after harvesting the corns, smashing the straws into sections while the straws are green, then conveying the straws to the ground or a low-lying place nearby, digging grooves around the straws to lift soil for more than 30cm, flattening the pile bottom, compacting the pile bottom and preventing water leakage;
(2) the width of the straw pile is 1.5 meters, the height is 1.8 meters, and the length is not limited;
(3) diluting the compound microorganism decomposing inoculant with 8 times of water by one day in advance (being beneficial to restoring and enhancing the activity of strains and improving the efficiency of decomposing the decomposing inoculant into straws), adding a dilution activating solution according to 20% of the weight of the straws, uniformly mixing, fermenting at normal temperature, detecting the temperature of a fermentation product in the fermentation process, turning the mixed material when the temperature is raised to be higher than 60 ℃, turning the mixed material once every other day, detecting the water content of the material, and ending the fermentation when the water content is less than or equal to 25% to obtain a straw decomposing product;
(4) according to straw decomposition products: and (3) livestock and poultry manure: adding livestock and poultry manure and plant ash according to the weight ratio of the plant ash to the plant ash of 8:3:1, uniformly mixing, sealing with mud or a black plastic agricultural film, and fermenting for 10 d to obtain the straw organic fertilizer which can be directly returned to the field.
The corn straw organic fertilizer is uniformly spread in the field according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu to be used as a base fertilizer, and the field is ploughed after the spreading is finished.
The compound microorganism decomposing inoculant is prepared from a compound inoculant and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 3: 2;
the carrier is wheat bran;
the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and filamentous bacillus succinogenes according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1:3: 2.
Said Aspergillus niger is (Aspergillus niger) ATCC 6275;
the Trichoderma viride is (Trichoderma viride) ATCC 9645;
the Trichoderma pseudokoningii is (Trichoderma koningiensis) CGMCC NO 8948;
the fermentation Cytophaga is (A)Cytophaga fermentans）ATCC 19072；
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (A)Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) ATCC 23843；
The filamentous bacillus succinogenes is (Fibrobacter succinogenes) ATCC 19169;
the preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, and fermented celluloseRespectively culturing vitamin bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and filamentous bacillus succinogenes to the concentration of 5 multiplied by 108Mixing bacterial liquid per ml according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1:3:2 to obtain the bacterial liquid;
the livestock and poultry manure is pig manure.
The strain can be purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) and American mode culture collection and storage (ATCC).
Example 2:
a straw organic fertilizer for tobacco cultivation comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) collecting the straws after harvesting the corns, smashing the straws into sections while the straws are green, then conveying the straws to the ground or a low-lying place nearby, digging grooves around the straws to lift soil for more than 30cm, flattening the pile bottom, compacting the pile bottom and preventing water leakage;
(2) the width of the straw pile is 2.0 meters, the height is 1.5 meters, and the length is not limited;
(3) diluting the compound microorganism decomposing inoculant with 12 times of water by one day in advance (being beneficial to recovering and enhancing the activity of strains and improving the efficiency of decomposing the decomposing inoculant into straws), adding a dilution activating solution according to 22% of the weight of the straws, uniformly mixing, fermenting at normal temperature, detecting the temperature of a fermentation product in the fermentation process, turning the mixed material when the temperature is raised to be higher than 60 ℃, turning the mixed material once every other day, detecting the water content of the material, and ending the fermentation when the water content is less than or equal to 25% to obtain a straw decomposing product;
(4) according to straw decomposition products: and (3) livestock and poultry manure: adding livestock and poultry manure and plant ash according to the weight ratio of the plant ash to the plant ash of 9:4:2, uniformly mixing, sealing with mud or a black plastic agricultural film, and fermenting for 10 days to obtain the straw organic fertilizer which can be directly returned to the field.
The corn straw organic fertilizer is uniformly spread in the field according to the application amount of 300 kg/mu to be used as a base fertilizer, and the field is ploughed after the spreading is finished.
The compound microorganism decomposing inoculant is prepared from a compound inoculant and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 3: 2;
the carrier is chitosan.
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and filamentous bacillus succinogenes according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1:3: 2.
Said Aspergillus niger is (Aspergillus niger) ATCC 6275;
the Trichoderma viride is (Trichoderma viride) ATCC 9645;
the Trichoderma pseudokoningii is (Trichoderma koningiensis) CGMCC NO8948 (see CN 103992958); the fermentation Cytophaga is (A)Cytophaga fermentans）ATCC 19072；
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (A)Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) ATCC 23843；
The filamentous bacillus succinogenes is (Fibrobacter succinogenes) ATCC 19169;
the preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: respectively culturing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and filamentous bacillus succinogenes to a concentration of 7 × 108Mixing bacterial liquid per ml according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1:3:2 to obtain the bacterial liquid;
the livestock and poultry manure is chicken manure.
The strain can be purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) and American mode culture collection and storage (ATCC).
Example 3: influence of crop straw returning on plough layer soil
The corn stalk returning method of the embodiment 1-2 is adopted to improve the soil fertility, wherein the application amount of the corn stalks in the mechanical corn stalk returning process is 300 kg/mu, the plough layer soil before the test and the plough layer soil after the test for 1 year are respectively collected, the basic physicochemical values of the plough layer soil are analyzed, and the specific results are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of straw returning mode on soil
| Organic matter (g/kg) | Total nitrogen (g/kg) | Phosphorus (g/kg) | Volume weight (g/cm)3） | Total porosity (%) | |
| Base value of soil | 16.55 | 1.33 | 19.4 | 1.41 | 40.33 |
| Mechanical returning of corn stalks to field | 17.98 | 1.45 | 24.3 | 1.39 | 41.45 |
| Example 1 | 25.78 | 2.78 | 30.22 | 1.15 | 44.38 |
| Example 2 | 26.32 | 2.81 | 32.93 | 1.16 | 43.87 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are greatly changed by the method of returning corn stalks to the field in examples 1-2, so that the content of nutrient elements in the soil is greatly increased, the fertility is greatly improved, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, and the porosity of the soil is increased. The corn stalks are mechanically returned to the field, and the nitrogen element and phosphorus element increment in the soil after the stalks are rotten is smaller than that in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment, because the nitrogen and phosphorus elements contained in the corn stalks are lower, and the nitrogen and phosphorus elements are influenced by the soil environment (air, temperature, moisture and microbial activity) and the crop vitality and respiratory intensity, the content can be further reduced, in order to maintain the crop growth, a compound fertilizer is generally required to be additionally applied, the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 supplement the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements during fermentation to maintain the normal growth of the microorganisms, and a large amount of the residual nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are also left in the fermented stalk organic fertilizer, so that the requirement on the growth of the soil microorganisms and the crops can be met after the stalks are returned to the field.
Example 4 synergistic interaction between the components of the biological agent of the present application
Experimental groups: the biological preparation obtained in example 2;
control group: the procedure of example 2 was otherwise the same as in example 2;
control two groups: the same procedure as in example 2 was repeated except that Trichoderma viride was not added;
control three groups: the procedure of example 2 was followed without adding Trichoderma pseudokoningii;
four control groups: the same procedure as in example 2 was repeated except that the fermentation Cytophaga sp was not added;
five control groups: the procedure of example 2 was repeated except that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was not added;
six control groups: the procedure of example 2 was repeated except that filamentous Bacillus succinogenes was not added.
Blank control group: the blank control group added with water only without adding biological agents,
a total of 8 experimental groups, 2 replicates. Fresh straws are taken out to be cut, the straws for each group of experiments are ensured to be equivalent, the conditions of water application amount, temperature, humidity, sunlight and sunshine are kept consistent, and other conditions are basically the same.
Respectively diluting eight experimental biological agents (blank group only water) 24 hours in advance with 10 times of water to obtain diluted activating solution, adding the diluted activating solution according to 22% of straw weight,
all experimental groups were placed in the same environment and the temperature, humidity changes, and degree of straw maturity were measured daily and regularly.
The degradation effects of all groups were compared according to cellulose degradation rate, hemicellulose degradation rate and lignin degradation rate, see table 2;
TABLE 2 straw degradation contrast test
| Example 2 | Comparison one | Control 2 | Control three | Control four | Control five | Control six | Blank control | |
| Cellulose degradation rate | 92.4% | 70.5% | 50.5% | 57.8% | 71.3% | 66.8% | 43.2% | 12.1% |
| Rate of degradation of hemicellulose | 90.7% | 71.2% | 61.2% | 60.1% | 64.4% | 50.4% | 40.4% | 10.3% |
| Rate of lignin degradation | 91.3% | 67.8% | 55.4% | 53.2% | 60.2% | 51.2% | 42.5% | 9.5% |
Example 5 use in tobacco cultivation
Selecting a land parcel with corn as the previous stubble, equally dividing the land parcel into three equal parts, and performing the following three treatments under the same other cultivation conditions:
test 1 group: decomposing the corn straws of the previous crop and returning the decomposed corn straws to the field, and returning the corn straws to the field on the spot by adopting the method of the embodiment 1, wherein the prepared organic fertilizer is applied at 150 kg/mu, and the normal fertilizing amount is reduced by 50%;
test 2 groups: decomposing the corn straws of the previous crop and returning the decomposed corn straws to the field, adopting the method of the embodiment 2 to return the corn straws to the field on the spot, applying 300 kg/mu of the prepared organic fertilizer, and not applying other fertilizers in the process of tobacco growth;
control group: planting tobacco after harvesting and removing all straws, cultivating the tobacco, applying special base fertilizer (N: P: K ratio is 10:8: 24) for tobacco and flue-cured tobacco, and applying special additional fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is applied in strips according to normal tobacco cultivation management.
The other cultivation conditions were the same for the three treatments. The influence of the corn straws on the growth of the tobacco is determined, the tobacco is harvested after being mature, the average per mu yield and the average per mu yield value of the tobacco of each treatment group are determined, the flue-cured tobacco obtained by production is requested to be smoked by a tobacco leaf smoking expert, the quality of the flue-cured tobacco obtained by each treatment group is determined, and the result is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 evaluation of tobacco quality for each group
| Group of | Yield (kg/mu) | Area (mu) | First class smoke ratio | Moderate smoke proportion | Total score of smoking score 100 |
| Test 1 group | 151.7 | 3 | 63.38% | 27.58% | 86 |
| Test 2 groups | 149.4 | 3 | 58.74% | 31.52% | 82 |
| Control group | 136.3 | 3 | 32.83% | 41.43% | 67 |
It can be seen from the above table that after the corn straws are directly decomposed and returned to the field, no fertilizer is applied to the succeeding tobacco, and 50% of the fertilizer is reduced, the tobacco yield is increased by 9.6% and 11.29% compared with the conventional control group, and after the straw organic fertilizer is applied, the proportion of first-class smoke and the evaluation score are obviously improved compared with the control group.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made based on the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit of this invention be included within the scope thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preparing a straw organic fertilizer by using a composite microbial decomposition agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting the straws after harvesting the corns, smashing the straws into sections while the straws are green, and then conveying the straws to the side or the low-lying place nearby;
(2) the width of the straw pile is 1.5-2.0 meters, the height is 1.5-1.8 meters, and the length is not limited;
(3) diluting the compound microorganism decomposing agent by adding 8-12 times of water by one day in advance to obtain a diluted decomposing agent, adding the diluted decomposing agent according to 20-22% of the weight of the straws, uniformly mixing, fermenting at normal temperature, detecting the temperature of a fermented product in the fermentation process, turning the stack when the temperature is raised to be higher than 60 ℃, turning the stack once every other day, detecting the water content of the material, and ending the fermentation when the water content is less than or equal to 25% to obtain a straw decomposing product;
(4) according to straw decomposition products: and (3) livestock and poultry manure: adding livestock and poultry manure and plant ash in a weight ratio of 8-9:3-4:1-2, uniformly mixing, sealing with mud or black plastic agricultural film, and fermenting for 10 d to obtain the fertilizer;
the compound microorganism decomposing inoculant is prepared from a compound inoculant and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 3: 2;
the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, fermentation Cytophaga, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and filamentous bacillus succinogenes according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1:3: 2;
said Aspergillus niger is (Aspergillus niger) ATCC 6275;
the Trichoderma viride is (Trichoderma viride) ATCC 9645;
the Trichoderma pseudokoningii is (Trichoderma koningiensis) CGMCC NO. 8948;
the fermentation Cytophaga is (A)Cytophaga fermentans）ATCC 19072；
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (A)Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) ATCC 23843；
The filamentous bacillus succinogenes is (Fibrobacter succinogenes) ATCC 19169;
the carrier is wheat bran or chitosan.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is selected from the group consisting of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, and cow manure.
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