CN110256145A - A kind of tobacco organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tobacco organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The tobacco organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of camellia oleifera shell, 18-22 parts of pig manure, 9-11 parts of peanut bran, and 18-22 parts of sheep manure The preparation method of the tobacco organic fertilizer is to crush the camellia oleifera husk and mix it evenly with pig manure, peanut bran and sheep manure, spray the organic fertilizer starter while mixing, and then ferment and compost for 40-50 days to get final product. The invention solves the problem of waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by large production of camellia oleifera husks without rational utilization, and the organic fertilizer of the invention has a simple preparation method and rich nutrition, and long-term use of the organic fertilizer of the invention can repair tobacco planting soil, Improve the oil content and aroma of tobacco leaves, highlight the style and characteristics, and improve the safety of tobacco leaves.

Description

A kind of tobacco organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the field of bio-organic fertilizers, in particular to an organic fertilizer used for planting tobacco and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Tobacco (Latin scientific name: Nicotiana tabacum L. ), as a cash crop in China's agricultural industry, plays an important role in the economic development of China's agricultural industry, and also plays an active role in the economic development and national construction of modern China. Tobacco leaves are produced into various tobacco products through industrial processing to meet the consumption needs of smokers. Although tobacco products are not the necessities of people's life, they have become an indispensable hobby in the lives of the majority of smokers. In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of tobacco planting technology in my country, the total output of flue-cured tobacco in the country has continued to increase, and the quality of tobacco has also continued to improve. However, compared with developed countries, my country is still in a low-level development position in tobacco planting, and the quality of tobacco is low. Potassium content is lower than international standards, and problems such as insufficient production of high-end tobacco leaves are still serious. And among the many cigarette brands in China, although individual brands have a relatively large influence in China, in the world, China's tobacco exports account for a low proportion, lack of international brand products, and have long been at a disadvantage in the competition in the international cigarette market. High-quality soil is the basis for the good growth of tobacco, and it is also the key to ensuring the quality and yield of tobacco. With the expansion of tobacco planting area year by year, continuous cropping of tobacco fields is a phenomenon existing in many tobacco areas. Some of the high-quality tobacco areas that have been planted for a long time often appear: heavy cropping phenomenon, aggravated damage by diseases and insect pests, unbalanced enrichment and depletion of soil nutrients; deterioration of farmland ecological environment in tobacco planting areas; decline in tobacco leaf quality and production efficiency. Due to the extensive application of chemical fertilizers, the multiple cropping index of the land is high, and the soil is in a state of overload for a long time. The soil compaction and fertility decline caused by this series of factors have seriously affected the healthy development of my country's tobacco industry.

The waste of plants and animals is the main way to produce organic fertilizer. As a kind of fertilizer, organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matter, organic nutrients and inorganic nutrients. Organic fertilizers can provide a large amount of nutrients needed for crop growth, promote the vigorous growth of crops, and have a significant effect on further increasing the yield per unit area and economic benefits. In daily planting, the application of organic fertilizers can increase the utilization rate of fertilizers, and at the same time reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, saving production costs. Long-term application of organic fertilizers is also conducive to repairing the soil and increasing the nutrient content of the soil. Organic fertilizers have always played an important role in my country's agricultural development. In recent decades, my country's organic industry has developed rapidly, and the types of organic fertilizers have also continued to increase, and the application range of organic fertilizers has become wider and wider. At present, organic fertilizers have been widely used in different crops such as vegetables, wheat, corn, rice, and tobacco, and the effects are relatively good.

Camellia oleifera shell is a by-product of camellia oleifera fruit processing camellia oil, generally accounting for 50% to 60% of the fresh quality of the whole tea fruit. Camellia oleifera shell is rich in lignin, pentosan and other substances, the content of lignin is about 52.15%, the content of pentosan is about 30.27%, the content of tea saponin and tannin are 5.43% and 2.47% respectively. %, the ash content is about 4.05%. Camellia oleifera shell is a treasure, with good prospects for further development. It can be used to produce furfural, xylitol, tannin extract, activated carbon, and can also be used as a culture medium for edible fungi to extract tea saponin. However, most of the fruit farmers in Camellia oleifera producing areas use it as fuel Burn it or leave it to rot in the woodland and use it as fertilizer. Burned as fuel, its use value is very low, resulting in a serious waste of resources, and also pollutes the environment; it rots in the woodland as fertilizer, because the camellia oleifera shell is hard, it needs to rot to become fertilizer. The process is very long and the utilization rate is relatively low. At present, there are many studies on the carbonization of Camellia oleifera husk and its adsorption properties, but there are few studies on its fermentation as organic fertilizer, and even less research on its fermentation as organic fertilizer for tobacco planting.

The patent "CN 201610414168.6, A compound microbial fertilizer for reducing underground diseases and insect pests of tobacco and its preparation method" discloses a compound microbial fertilizer, which contains a plurality of fertilizer granules, and each fertilizer granule includes an inner core, a middle layer and outer layer. The kernel includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mineral powder and binder. The middle layer includes fly ash and humic acid. The outer layer includes animal feces, corn stalks, camellia husks, protein and the first microbial agent. During preparation, the first raw materials are mixed and granulated to obtain the first fertilizer granules. The second raw material is attached to the surface of the first fertilizer granule to obtain the second fertilizer granule. The third raw material is fermented to obtain the first mixture. The first mixture is attached to the surface of the second fertilizer granules to obtain composite microbial fertilizer granules. The application of the obtained compound microbial fertilizer can reduce the frequency of topdressing, significantly improve the yield and quality of tobacco, and reduce the damage of underground insects. Although this patent discloses that the camellia oleifera husk is fermented to make a compound microbial fertilizer for tobacco planting, the preparation process of the compound microbial fertilizer is complicated, and in the process of preparing the compound microbial fertilizer, the utilization of the camellia oleifera shell is less, which is not conducive to Solve the problem of waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by large production of camellia oleifera shells but not rationally utilized.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a tobacco organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The tobacco organic fertilizer is obtained by using camellia oleifera husk as the main raw material, matching livestock manure and bran cake, adding microorganisms and undergoing stacking and fermentation. The invention solves the problems of waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by large production of camellia oleifera husks but not rationally utilized, and the use in tobacco planting can not only improve the yield and quality of tobacco, but also alleviate continuous cropping obstacles and improve soil.

A tobacco organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of camellia oleifera shell, 18-22 parts of pig manure, 9-11 parts of peanut bran, and 18-22 parts of sheep manure;

The steps of the method for preparing tobacco organic fertilizer are as follows:

(1) Pulverize camellia oleifera shell and pass through a sieve with a diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm to obtain camellia oleifera shell powder.

(2) Mix the amino acid stock solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a volume ratio (4-6): 1 to prepare an amino acid nutrient solution.

(3) Mix according to the volume ratio of water: brown sugar: amino acid nutrient solution: urea = 100:1:1:1:1, prepare the culture solution for microbial expansion, adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and sterilize the culture solution Bacteria, then add microbial bacteria and stir evenly, carry out aerobic culture at a temperature of 30-35°C for 45-50 hours to obtain an organic fertilizer starter.

(4) Mix camellia oleifera shell powder, pig manure, peanut bran, and sheep manure evenly, and spray organic fertilizer starter while mixing to make the raw materials fully moist without dripping water.

(5) Harvest the wet material in step (4) into piles, cover with a waterproof film for fermentation and retting, when the room temperature is ≤25°C, turn the pile once every 30-40 days; when the room temperature is ≥25°C, turn it over every 20-25 days Turn the pile once, and continue to cover the film to ferment and compost after turning every time; ferment and compost for 40-50 days to obtain tobacco organic fertilizer.

The tobacco organic fertilizer needs to be applied to the tobacco one week after the last turn over is completed.

The microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus lateral spores, cellulolytic bacteria, Candida, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus root and Streptomyces, etc.

Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) is a kind of Bacillus genus, aerobic bacteria; widely distributed in soil and decayed organic matter, easy to reproduce in subtilis juice, and can be mixed with various strains; can use protein, A variety of sugars and starches can decompose tryptophan to form indole; Bacillus subtilis can synthesize α-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase and other enzymes; can synthesize vitamin B1, B2, B6, niacin, etc. A variety of B vitamins; active substances such as subtilisin, polymyxin, nystatin, and gramicidin produced during the growth of Bacillus subtilis, these active substances are effective for pathogenic bacteria or endogenous infections Pathogenic bacteria have obvious inhibitory effect. Bacillus subtilis can not only inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria, but also induce the plant's own disease resistance mechanism to enhance the plant's disease resistance. Bacillus subtilis can fix nitrogen, decompose phosphorus and potassium to a certain extent. It can also improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, inhibit the absorption of nitrate nitrogen, heavy metals and pesticides by crops, purify and restore soil, reduce the occurrence of crop diseases, and promote the improvement of crop straw and urban pollution. The decomposing and utilization of garbage protects the environment.

Bacillus jelly can be artificially cultivated mainly as biological functional bacteria and is suitable for various crops; it has the characteristics of fast reproduction, many spores, easy survival, and strong resistance to adverse environments; it can decompose silicate and aluminum Potassium-containing minerals in silicate and other ores have the functions of dissolving phosphorus, releasing potassium and fixing nitrogen. At the same time, they can produce organic acids, amino acids, polysaccharides, hormones and other substances that are beneficial to plant absorption and utilization during the growth and reproduction process. After bacillus jellybeam reproduces in the soil, it secretes plant growth stimulating hormone and various enzymes to enhance the resistance of crops to some diseases and inhibit the growth of other pathogenic bacteria. The potassium content in the ashes of the bacteria is more than 33%. The potassium in the bacteria is released after the death of the bacteria, and can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Bacillus jelly can improve soil, loosen compaction, balance nutrients, improve soil fertility, activate soil components, improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, effectively curb soil degradation, and improve saline-alkali land.

Paenibacillus polymyxa is an important rhizosphere beneficial organism. Some strains can secrete active products such as polypeptide proteins, enzymes and plant hormones, which can prevent and control plant soil-borne diseases and promote plant growth and increase yield; polymyxa Paenibacillus breaks the permeability of the bacterial cell plasma membrane by secreting polymyxin, colistin and other polypeptides, causing the leakage of intracellular substances, thereby preventing and controlling bacterial diseases. At the same time, it can also induce the plant to produce systemic resistance through the interaction with the plant to achieve the disease resistance effect. Polymyxa polymyxa secreted peptide antibiotics such as cholipeptides and oryvalerin, nucleoside antibiotics polyoxin, β-1,3-glucanase and other enzymes can act on the cell wall of fungi , causing the mycelium tip to form expansion bubbles and rupture when the fungus grows, thereby realizing the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases. Paenibacillus polymyxa has a certain control effect on various plant diseases such as plant verticillium wilt, chickpea wilt, rape rot, and black pine root rot.

Bacillus pumilus belongs to the genus Bacillus, with a thin rod shape, generally 0.6-0.7 μm×2.0-3.0 μm, and Gram-positive. Bacillus pumilus can produce a variety of exogenous digestive enzymes, hydrolyze starch, degrade mannan, xylan, cellulose, etc.

Bacillus laterosporus (Brevibacillus laterosporus) is a hormonal agent used to stimulate plant growth and is widely used in agricultural production. It has the following functions: 1. Promote the growth of plant roots, enhance the absorption capacity of roots, thereby increasing crop yields; 2. Inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in and out of plants, reduce pests and diseases, and reduce pesticide residues; 3. Improve loose soil, solve soil compaction, and activate Soil, improve fertilizer utilization rate; 4. Enhance plant metabolism, promote photosynthesis and strengthen leaf protective film, resist pathogenic bacteria; 5. Enhance photosynthesis, improve fertilizer utilization rate, reduce nitrate content; 6. Solidify some heavy metals, reduce plant body heavy metal content.

Cellulose decomposing bacteria (Cellulose decomposing bacteria) refers to bacteria that can decompose cellulose. Due to the action of cellulase, etc., cellulose can be decomposed to glucose, and cellobiose may be accumulated during the decomposition process. These bacteria are mostly found in humus soil and can degrade fibers into small molecular substances that are easily absorbed by plants.

Candida is a yeast that can form pseudohyphae and does not produce ascospores. Many Candida species can use n-alkane as carbon source to dewax petroleum fermentation and produce valuable products. The microenvironment in which Candida produces candida-forming microorganisms accelerates the decomposition and transformation of lignin and cellulose.

Aspergillus nige is widely distributed in grains, plant products and soils all over the world. It is an important fermentation industry strain that can produce amylase, acid protease, cellulase, pectinase, glucose oxidase, lemon acid, gluconic acid and gallic acid etc. Some strains also convert hydroxyprogesterone to androsene.

The spores of Rhizopus (Rhizopus) can be preserved in solid medium, and can maintain vitality for a long time. Rhizopus is widely distributed in nature and has a wide range of uses. Its amylase activity is very strong, and it is a commonly used saccharifying bacteria in the brewing industry.

Streptomyces (streptomyces), a family of Actinomycetes, the basal hyphae are not broken, and the aerial hyphae are usually well developed, forming long (sometimes short) spore filaments. Streptomyces 16A-6 strain is a new variant of Streptomyces noursii, named Streptomyces noursii Xichang variety, and its fermentation product is Ningnanmycin, which is an agricultural antibiotic with control effects on plant virus diseases and some fungal diseases. It is a drug with low toxicity, low residue, no "three causes" and accumulation problems, and no pollution to the environment, and has a good control effect on tobacco mosaic virus disease.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

Tobacco organic fertilizer is obtained from camellia oleifera husk as the main raw material, combined with livestock manure and bran cake, added with microbial bacteria and fermented by composting and retting. Camellia oleifera husk is a by-product of Camellia oleifera fruit processing camellia oil, which is rich in nutrients, especially potassium. It is used as organic fertilizer after fermentation, which solves the waste of resources and the environment caused by the large production of camellia oleifera husks without rational use. pollution problem. The tea saponin in camellia oleifera husk can effectively kill and drive away harmful organisms in gravel soil. Peanut bran is a by-product of peanut kernel oil extraction, rich in two major elements, phosphorus and potassium, with a small carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and it decomposes quickly after being applied to the soil, and the fertilizer effect is rapid. Peanut bran contains a lot of fiber, direct application will generate a lot of heat energy, causing root or seed burning phenomenon, this phenomenon can be avoided after stacking and retting, and the nutrients are more abundant after stacking, and more Easily absorbed. Pig manure is finer in texture, contains more organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and pig manure decomposes slowly; the organic matter content in sheep manure is 24%-27%, the nitrogen content is 0.7%-0.8%, and the phosphorus content is 0.45%-0.6%, the content of potassium is 0.3%-0.6%, the content of organic matter in sheep urine is 5%, the content of nitrogen is 1.3%-1.4%, the content of phosphorus is very little, and the content of potassium is very rich, as high as 2.1%- 2.3%. Fermented pig manure and sheep manure are good organic fertilizers. Using it as fertilizer can improve soil quality and prevent soil compaction, and has good economic value. The invention combines camellia oleifera husk, peanut bran, pig manure, and sheep manure to ferment through biological bacteria, and the obtained tobacco organic fertilizer has high organic matter content, rich phosphorus and potassium, meets the needs of tobacco growth, and especially contains a large amount of potassium element, which satisfies the feature that tobacco requires a large amount of potassium, can increase the content of potassium in tobacco leaves, and improve the combustibility of tobacco leaves.

Bacillus is an ideal strain to add to biological fertilizers. It has strong stress resistance, simple nutrition, fast reproduction speed, high number of effective viable bacteria, and stable performance. Most strains have the functions of disease prevention, growth promotion, phosphorus dissolution, and nitrogen fixation. , has important practical significance for the development of ecological agriculture. In the present invention, a variety of Bacillus bacteria are used to carry out composting and fermentation of raw materials, and various types of enzymes synthesized by them can degrade the macromolecular substances of raw materials into small molecular substances that are easier to absorb through enzymolysis, and the secreted active substances can promote tobacco production. It can also prevent and control pests and diseases, and improve the disease resistance of crops. Microbial bacteria also include cellulolytic bacteria, Candida, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus and Streptomyces. Cellulolytic bacteria can decompose cellulose in raw materials, making cellulose into substances such as glucose that can be easily absorbed by crops , Candida, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus rhizopus can accelerate the fermentation and promote enzymolysis, and the fermentation product of Streptomyces 16A-6 strain, Ningnanmycin, has a good control effect on tobacco mosaic virus disease. The microorganisms in the soil are mainly composed of live organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes. The microbial bacteria of the present invention include fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, and because continuous cropping of tobacco has a greater impact on bacteria in the tobacco field soil, therefore There are many types of bacteria in the biological bacteria of the invention, which can effectively supplement the beneficial bacteria in the soil and maintain the ecological balance of the microorganisms in the soil. The microbial flora reproduces rapidly in the roots, and is resistant to heavy cropping and stress.

Because brown sugar has not been highly refined, almost all the ingredients in cane juice are retained. In addition to the function of sugar, it also contains vitamins and trace elements, such as iron, zinc, manganese, chromium, etc., which are rich in nutrients. Brown sugar is added during fermentation. It can quickly activate the fermentation strains and accelerate the reproduction speed of the strains. The amino acid stock solution contains 17 kinds of amino acids, the content is as high as 25%, and the amino acid with a nitrogen content of more than 15% is the material basis of life. Promote the rapid expansion of microbial bacteria; and the amino acid stock solution also has the functions of strong rooting, promoting the healthy development of the root system, thick stems, activating the soil, and adjusting the pH of the soil. Adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea to the culture medium for microbial expansion can supplement the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements in the culture medium; the amino acid stock solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are first mixed to obtain an amino acid nutrient solution, and the two exist stably in the mixture , can also weaken the acidification reaction when potassium dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved in water; the combination of amino acid nutrient solution + brown sugar + urea meets the conditions required for the growth of biological bacteria, and it can be used as a culture medium for microbial expansion to promote the rapid growth of microbial bacteria. reproduce.

The tobacco organic fertilizer of the present invention is not only rich in nutrients, but also can supplement the nutrients lacking in the soil, and can also adjust the ecological balance of soil microorganisms when matched with microbial bacteria; in addition, the preparation method of the tobacco organic fertilizer of the present invention is simple and time-consuming short. Applying the organic fertilizer of the present invention is more effective for tobacco growth than using chemical fertilizers and other organic fertilizers, can more effectively increase the amount of tobacco dry matter, increase the content of water-soluble sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves, and increase the amount of medium particle size in soil. Level percentage, improve the activity value of soil catalase and invertase. Applying the organic fertilizer of the present invention can effectively increase the total nitrogen, total nicotine and protein content of tobacco leaves, reduce the sugar-alkali ratio, and make the nitrogen-alkaline ratio more reasonable, thereby improving the quality of tobacco leaves; it can also increase the saturated fatty acid content of tobacco leaves in the later growth period. , carotenoids, ether extract content, reduce the content of unsaturated fatty acids, and can increase the content of potassium in tobacco leaves, improve the combustibility of tobacco leaves. Long-term use of the organic fertilizer of the invention can repair the tobacco planting soil, improve the oil content and aroma of the tobacco leaves, highlight the style and characteristics, and improve the safety of the tobacco leaves.

Detailed ways

In order to introduce the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example 1

A tobacco organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of camellia oleifera husk, 20 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of peanut bran, and 20 parts of sheep manure.

The steps of the method for preparing tobacco organic fertilizer are as follows:

(1) Pulverize camellia oleifera shell and pass through a sieve with a diameter of 1 mm to obtain camellia oleifera shell powder.

(2) Mix the amino acid stock solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a volume ratio of 5:1 to prepare the amino acid nutrient solution.

(3) Mix according to the volume ratio of water: brown sugar: amino acid nutrient solution: urea = 100:1:1:1:1, prepare the culture solution for microbial expansion, adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and sterilize the culture solution Bacteria, then add microbial bacteria and stir evenly, carry out aerobic culture at a temperature of 32°C for 48 hours to obtain an organic fertilizer starter.

(4) Mix camellia oleifera shell powder, pig manure, peanut bran, and sheep manure evenly, and spray organic fertilizer starter while mixing to make the raw materials fully moist without dripping water.

(5) Harvest the wet material in step (4) into piles, cover with a waterproof film for fermentation and retting, when the room temperature is ≤25°C, turn the pile once every 30-40 days; when the room temperature is ≥25°C, turn it over every 20-25 days Turn the pile once, and continue to cover the film to ferment and compost after turning every time; ferment and compost for 40-50 days to obtain tobacco organic fertilizer.

The tobacco organic fertilizer needs to be applied to the tobacco one week after the last turn over is completed.

The microorganisms are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus lateral spores, cellulolytic bacteria, Candida, It is obtained by mixing equal amounts of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus root and Streptomyces.

Example 2

An organic tobacco fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of camellia oleifera husk, 18 parts of pig manure, 9 parts of peanut bran, and 18 parts of sheep manure.

The steps of the method for preparing tobacco organic fertilizer are as follows:

(1) Pulverize camellia oleifera shell and pass through a sieve with a diameter of 0.5 mm to obtain camellia oleifera shell powder.

(2) Mix amino acid stock solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a volume ratio of 4:1 to prepare amino acid nutrient solution.

(3) Mix according to the volume ratio of water: brown sugar: amino acid nutrient solution: urea = 100:1:1:1:1, prepare the culture solution for microbial expansion, adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and sterilize the culture solution Bacteria, then add microbial bacteria and stir evenly, and carry out aerobic culture at a temperature of 30° C. for 50 hours to obtain an organic fertilizer starter.

(4) Mix camellia oleifera shell powder, pig manure, peanut bran, and sheep manure evenly, and spray organic fertilizer starter while mixing to make the raw materials fully moist without dripping water.

(5) Harvest the wet material in step (4) into piles, cover with a waterproof film for fermentation and retting, when the room temperature is ≤25°C, turn the pile once every 30-40 days; when the room temperature is ≥25°C, turn it over every 20-25 days Turn the pile once, and continue to cover the film to ferment and compost after turning every time; ferment and compost for 40-50 days to obtain tobacco organic fertilizer.

The tobacco organic fertilizer needs to be applied to the tobacco one week after the last turn over is completed.

The microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus lateral spores, cellulolytic bacteria, Candida, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus root and Streptomyces, etc.

Example 3

A tobacco organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of camellia oleifera shells, 22 parts of pig manure, 11 parts of peanut bran, and 22 parts of sheep manure.

The steps of the method for preparing tobacco organic fertilizer are as follows:

(1) Pulverize camellia oleifera shell and pass through a sieve with a diameter of 1.5 mm to obtain camellia oleifera shell powder.

(2) Mix amino acid stock solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a volume ratio of 6:1 to prepare amino acid nutrient solution.

(3) Mix according to the volume ratio of water: brown sugar: amino acid nutrient solution: urea = 100:1:1:1:1, prepare the culture solution for microbial expansion, adjust the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and sterilize the culture solution Bacteria, then add microbial bacteria and stir evenly, and carry out aerobic culture at a temperature of 35°C for 45 hours to obtain an organic fertilizer starter.

(4) Mix camellia oleifera shell powder, pig manure, peanut bran, and sheep manure evenly, and spray organic fertilizer starter while mixing to make the raw materials fully moist without dripping water.

(5) Harvest the wet material in step (4) into piles, cover with a waterproof film for fermentation and retting, when the room temperature is ≤25°C, turn the pile once every 30-40 days; when the room temperature is ≥25°C, turn it over every 20-25 days Turn the pile once, and continue to cover the film to ferment and compost after turning every time; ferment and compost for 40-50 days to obtain tobacco organic fertilizer.

The tobacco organic fertilizer needs to be applied to the tobacco one week after the last turn over is completed.

The microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus lateral spores, cellulolytic bacteria, Candida, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus root and Streptomyces, etc.

Application example:

In order to better illustrate the effect of the present invention, the applicant respectively used tobacco organic fertilizer and compound soybean meal and hemp meal (purchased from Nanjing Banghe Fertilizer (Group) Co., Ltd.), tobacco-specific compound fertilizer (purchased from Yunnan Yunye Chemical Fertilizer) of the present invention Co., Ltd.) planted a batch of tobacco in the tobacco planting experimental base, and used no organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the control group, and studied the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth traits of tobacco plants, the quality of tobacco dry matter, the water-soluble total sugar of tobacco leaves and The influence of reducing sugar content, soil aggregate structure, soil catalase and invertase activity values, the results are shown in Table 1-5. In the table: CK: without applying any organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; T1: applying the tobacco organic fertilizer of the present invention; T2: applying compound soybean meal and hemp meal; T3: applying compound fertilizer special for tobacco. Different letters such as a, b, c, etc. indicate a significant difference at the 5% level. The tobacco planting methods in each group were the same, the amount of fertilizer and the method of fertilization were also the same, and they were only affected by the single variable of no fertilization or the application of different fertilizers.

(1) Effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth traits of tobacco plants

It can be seen from Table 1 that the growth rate of plant height is T1>T2>T3>CK, and the difference between T1, T2 and CK is obvious. The growth value of stem girth: T2>T1>T3>CK, the difference between T1 and T2 was not significant. The number of effective leaves increased most in T1, followed by T2, and the difference with CK was obvious. Compared with the control group CK, the application of the organic fertilizer of the present invention can effectively improve the plant height, stem girth and effective leaf number of tobacco, promote growth, and significantly increase the growth and development advantages of tobacco. In summary, it can be concluded that applying the organic fertilizer of the present invention is more effective for tobacco growth, and the chemical fertilizer treatment is less effective than the organic fertilizer treatment.

(2) Effects of different fertilization treatments on tobacco dry matter

As can be seen from Table 2, the total dry matter of tobacco is T1>T2>T3>CK, and the total dry matter accumulation of tobacco after fertilization is obviously higher than that of the control group, and the total dry matter of the T1 treatment using the organic fertilizer of the present invention is obviously higher than that of the control group. Other treatments, while the treatment with chemical fertilizers was generally lower than other treatments with fertilization. In the middle and lower leaves, the amount of dry matter treated with the organic fertilizer T1 of the present invention was significantly higher than other treatments. For the amount of dry matter in the root system of each treatment, the value of the dry matter amount in the root system is the highest under the organic fertilizer T1 treatment of the present invention, and the other treatments are more balanced. Therefore, T1 treatment has a more significant effect on tobacco dry matter, which can effectively increase the amount of tobacco dry matter.

(3) Effects of different fertilization treatments on the content of water-soluble total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves

The water-soluble total sugars and reducing sugars in the lower leaves and upper leaves of tobacco leaves were measured, and the data in Table 3 below were obtained.

It can be seen from Table 3 that, with different fertilization treatments, the content of water-soluble total sugar in the middle and lower tobacco leaves is in the order of T1 > T3 > T2 > CK, and the contents of water-soluble total sugar and reducing sugar in the middle and lower tobacco + upper leaves are both T1 > T3 > T2 > CK, so the organic fertilizer of the present invention can improve the content of water-soluble sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves.

(4) Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil aggregate structure

As can be seen from Table 4, the application of organic fertilizers of the present invention has changed the aggregate percentages at various levels compared with the control group. In the blank CK treatment without applying any fertilizer, the large soil particle size of >3mm and 2-3mm occupies a relatively high proportion, while the treatment of applying the organic fertilizer of the present invention occupies a moderate soil particle size of 2-3mm and 1-2mm The ratio is high, and the application of chemical fertilizers is not significantly different from the blank control, so the application of the organic fertilizer of the present invention can improve the percentage of each particle size in the soil, increase the proportion of medium particle sizes in the soil, and facilitate the growth of tobacco.

(5) Effects of different fertilization treatments on the activity values of soil catalase and invertase

The activity value of catalase and soil invertase in the soil of table 5 different treatment, application organic fertilizer of the present invention, the activity value of soil catalase and invertase all have improved, accelerated soil nutrient decomposition and transformation.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of tobacco organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that the tobacco organic fertilizer includes following parts by weight raw material: oil tea shell 45- 55 parts, 18-22 parts of pig manure, 9-11 parts of peanut press pulp, 18-22 parts of sheep dung；

Steps are as follows for tobacco preparation method of organic fertilizer:

(1) oil tea shell is smashed to and crossed the sieve that diameter is 0.5-1.5mm, obtains oil tea shell powder；

(2) by amino acid primary liquid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with volume ratio (4-6): 1 ratio is uniformly mixed, and prepares amino acid nutrient Liquid；

(3) press water: brown sugar: amino-acid nutrition liquid: the mixing of urea=100:1:1:1:1 volume ratio, preparing microorganism bacterium spread cultivation Culture solution, adjusting pH value are 6.8-7.2, are sterilized to culture solution, and microbial bacteria is then added and stirs evenly, is in temperature Oxygenation culture in 45-50 hours is carried out under the conditions of 30-35 DEG C, obtains organic fertilizer fermentation agent；

(4) oil tea shell powder, pig manure, peanut press pulp, sheep dung are uniformly mixed, organic fertilizer leavening is sprayed on one side amalgamation side, makes raw material It is sufficiently humidified so as to, but does not drip；

(5) it by the wet matters harvest heap of step (4), covers waterproof membrane and carries out fermentation stack retting, when room temperature≤25 DEG C, 30-40 days Turning is primary；When room temperature >=25 DEG C, turning in 20-25 days is primary, continues epiphragma fermentation stack retting after each turning；Ferment stack retting Obtain tobacco organic fertilizer within 40-50 days.

2. tobacco organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tobacco organic fertilizer is needed in last time turning Tobacco could be applied after completing for 1 week.

3. tobacco organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the microbial bacteria includes bacillus subtilis, glue Freeze bacillus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, Su Yun bacillus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, short and small gemma bar Bacterium, bacillus laterosporus, cellulose decomposing bacteria, Candida, aspergillus niger, root aspergillus and streptomycete.