CN109369244A - It is a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material - Google Patents
It is a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109369244A CN109369244A CN201811255310.2A CN201811255310A CN109369244A CN 109369244 A CN109369244 A CN 109369244A CN 201811255310 A CN201811255310 A CN 201811255310A CN 109369244 A CN109369244 A CN 109369244A
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- bacillus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
It is a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material, its raw material composition and weight part ratio include: microbial fermentation composition 80-100, urea 5-10, microbial fermentation composition is by microorganism mix bacterium agent, group synthase agent, Organic Ingredients, water carries out medium temperature aerobic composting by 1-1.5: 0.5-1: 100: 10-20 weight ratio at 25-50 DEG C and handles to obtain, the raw material composition of microorganism mix bacterium agent includes bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped bacillus, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and bacillus thuringiensis, group synthase agent is protease, cellulase, dextranase, pectase, the mixture of lipase, Organic Ingredients is the mixture of kitchen garbage and stalk.The design is not allowed not only to be also easy to produce stench and destroys soil, but also it is short to mention composting cycle.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological organic fertilizer fields, and in particular to a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material.
Background technique
Waste material is the important material base of agricultural development.Traditional agriculture and forestry are long-term in process of production, largely use chemical fertilizer
Afterwards, it will lead to soil hardening and quality of agricultural product degenerated, utilization rate of fertilizer declines, and environment for human survival is heavily contaminated and broken
It is bad.There should be good natural environment to survive as the improvement of people's living standards, the mankind have been fully recognized that, it is also desirable to high-quality
The agricultural product of safety and sanitation are consumed.And what is played a crucial role to this link is exactly in production cultivation mostly using biological organic fertilizer
To reduce the dependence to chemical fertilizer.
Biological organic fertilizer be microorganisms with specific functions with mainly with plant and animal residues (such as feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw)
For source and one kind for being combined through harmless treatment, decomposed organic materials has both microbial manure and organic fertilizer effect
Fertilizer.The microorganism of its specific function can be including the use of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria of phosphorus, potassium element in soil or parent soil material, energy
Enough antagonism soil-borne pathogen growths, beneficial bacterium of breeding etc., so that organic matter rich in, amino acid, albumen in organic fertilizer
Organic nutrients such as matter, while also containing the inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, a large number of studies show that, application biological organic fertilizer not only can be with
Crop yield, getting fat soil fertility are improved, quality of agricultural product can be more improved, waste utilization rate is improved, economizes on resources, protecting ecology ring
Border is the important channel for realizing Sustainable Development of Modern Agriculture.
It handles to obtain currently, biological organic fertilizer usually passes through compost fermentation.Compost is in items such as certain moisture, C/N ratios
It is suitable for the process of the fertilizer of land use under part, by the effect of microorganism by organic matter degradation and generating, with aerobic compost
Based on.The composting process of modernization would generally experienced three stages, respectively in thermophase (phase temperature is usually 30-40
DEG C, the time is mostly 1-3 day), hot stage (for the phase temperature usually at 45-65 DEG C, the time is mostly 3-8 days), cooling and it is decomposed
Stage (time is usually 10-20 days).Wherein, hot stage is dirty for promoting crops stalk, human and animal excreta, weeds, rubbish
The decomposed and mock-strawberry germ therein of the deposits such as mud and worm's ovum etc. have good effect, but the stage wants temperature
It asks higher, and the duration is longer, not only needs large area place, but also the stink issued is heavier, it is raw to influence the mankind around
Living, oxygen demand is also big, and capital expenditure is more, in addition, serious to soil fail at compost.
Summary of the invention
It is asked the purpose of the present invention is serious, serious to soil fail for stink in composting process of the existing technology
Topic, provide a kind of preparation process do not allow to be also easy to produce stench and destroy soil using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical schemes:
It is a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material, raw material composition and weight part ratio include: microbial fermentation
Composition 80-100, urea 5-10, the raw material composition and its weight part ratio of the microbial fermentation composition include: that microorganism is mixed
Combined bacteria agent 1-1.5, group synthase agent 0.5-1, Organic Ingredients 100, water 10-20, carry out medium temperature aerobic compost by above-mentioned raw materials
Change handles to obtain, wherein the raw material composition of the microorganism mix bacterium agent includes bacillus subtilis (Bacillus
Subtilis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillus
Mucilaginosus), bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus), bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus
Licheniformis), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) and Su Yun gold bud
Spore bacillus (Bacillus thuringiensis), described group of synthase agent be protease, cellulase, dextranase, pectase,
The mixture of lipase, the Organic Ingredients are the mixture of kitchen garbage and stalk, the medium temperature aerobic composting processing
Temperature is maintained at 25-50 DEG C.
The bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped bacillus, bacillus cereus, lichens gemma bar
Bacterium, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus thuringiensis inoculum concentration be the 0.2%-0.3% of Organic Ingredients weight.
The protease is 5000-8000U/g, and the cellulase is 1000-2000U/g, and the dextranase is
3000-5000U/g, the pectase are 2000-4000U/g, and the lipase is 10000-20000U/g.
The raw material composition of the microbial fermentation composition further includes lauryl sodium sulfate, the lauryl sodium sulfate
Weight part ratio with Organic Ingredients is 1-2: 100.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
1, a kind of raw material of the biological organic fertilizer using kitchen garbage as raw material of the present invention is formed combines including microbial fermentation
Object, and microbial fermentation composition presses 1-1.5 by specific microorganism mix bacterium agent, specific group synthase agent, Organic Ingredients, water
: 0.5-1: 100: 10-20 weight ratio carries out medium temperature aerobic composting at 25-50 DEG C and handles to obtain, and the design is using a variety of
Medium temperature aerobic fermentation strain, these strains can secrete a variety of organic matters that can degrade (including protein, fiber in growth course
Element, hemicellulose, lipid etc.) and the enzyme of crop insect pest ability is improved, the bacteriums such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium
Early period degradation combine aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, along with the synergy of described group of synthase agent, on the one hand make by
Temperature, which maintains 25-50 DEG C of progress aerobic compost, can be realized effective degradation of Organic Ingredients, without carrying out high temperature aerobic fermentation,
The process is not allowed not only to be also easy to produce stench and destroys soil, but also is acted on by the phosphorus decomposing of microorganism, potassium decomposing, obtained organic fertilizer
Without adding the fertilizer such as calcium monohydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, reduce costs, meanwhile, entire composting cycle only needs 7-10 days, considerably shorter than
The conventional compostation period.Therefore, the present invention does not allow not only to be also easy to produce stench and destroys soil, but also composting cycle is short.
2, it further includes dodecyl sulphate that a kind of raw material of the biological organic fertilizer using kitchen garbage as raw material of the present invention, which forms,
Sodium, on the one hand, lauryl sodium sulfate has stronger hydrophilic and hydrophobicity simultaneously, be added into organic fertilizer can absorb it is organic
The free water and migration water on fertile surface, avoid the recrystallization between organic fertilizer particles, play the role of good anti-caking, another party
Face, lauryl sodium sulfate can also effectively improve the degradation rate of lipid and cellulose.Therefore, the present invention can not only anti-caking,
And effectively increase the degradation rate of lipid and cellulose.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described With reference to embodiment.
It is a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material, raw material composition and weight part ratio include: microbial fermentation
Composition 80-100, urea 5-10, the raw material composition and its weight part ratio of the microbial fermentation composition include: that microorganism is mixed
Combined bacteria agent 1-1.5, group synthase agent 0.5-1, Organic Ingredients 100, water 10-20, carry out medium temperature aerobic compost by above-mentioned raw materials
Change handles to obtain, wherein the raw material composition of the microorganism mix bacterium agent includes bacillus subtilis (Bacillus
Subtilis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillus
Mucilaginosus), bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus), bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus
Licheniformis), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) and Su Yun gold bud
Spore bacillus (Bacillus thuringiensis), described group of synthase agent be protease, cellulase, dextranase, pectase,
The mixture of lipase, the Organic Ingredients are the mixture of kitchen garbage and stalk, the medium temperature aerobic composting processing
Temperature is maintained at 25-50 DEG C.
The bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped bacillus, bacillus cereus, lichens gemma bar
Bacterium, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus thuringiensis inoculum concentration be the 0.2%-0.3% of Organic Ingredients weight.
The protease is 5000-8000U/g, and the cellulase is 1000-2000U/g, and the dextranase is
3000-5000U/g, the pectase are 2000-4000U/g, and the lipase is 10000-20000U/g.
The raw material composition of the microbial fermentation composition further includes lauryl sodium sulfate, the lauryl sodium sulfate
Weight part ratio with Organic Ingredients is 1-2: 100.
Above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer is prepared according to following preparation method:
The pre-treatment of Organic Ingredients: kitchen garbage is carried out by extrusion dehydration using solid-liquid separating machine, and stalk is broken into
Particle of the granularity in 10-20mm;
The preparation of microbial fermentation composition: first being mixed group synthase agent, microorganism mix bacterium agent and water in required ratio,
Degradation solution is formed, then Organic Ingredients is added into degradation solution and mixes to obtain mixed material, then adjusts the C/N matter of mixed material
Amount for 25~35:1, initial aqueous rate than being 50~60%, and mixed material being placed in aerobic fermentation 7-10 in compost reactor
It obtains microbial fermentation composition, wherein the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is maintained at 25-50 DEG C, in entire aerobic fermentation
In the process, the air that oxygen concentration is 10%-20% is continually fed by compost reactor bottom;
The preparation of organic fertilizer: being first crushed microbial fermentation composition, then mixes it in required ratio with urea
Conjunction.
Primary raw material used in the present invention is described as follows:
Bacillus subtilis: bacillus subtilis can generate the enzymes such as alpha-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase,
Realize the hydrolysis of protein, the organic matters such as crude fibre, meanwhile, the bacterium can generate during the growth process subtilin, polymyxins,
Nystatin, gramicidins isoreactivity substance, can obviously inhibit the pathogenic bacteria of pathogenic bacteria or autogenous infection, in addition, the bacterium
Or a kind of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Applicant also found that bacillus subtilis and pectase, dextranase act synergistically under study for action, can effectively improve
The degradation rate of the hardly possible decomposing organic matter such as tannin.
Bacillus megaterium: organic phosphorus to the ADSORPTION STATE that cannot be absorbed and utilized in lecithin, soil to there is apparent decompose to make
With to improve the content of available phosphorus in soil, moreover it is possible to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria synergy, enhance the work of fixed nitrogen, potassium decomposing
With in addition, bacillus megaterium can pass through the ammonia nitrogen compound in consumption fowl and animal excrement, soluble vulcanization in the metabolic process
Object, and the activity of urasin and cysteine desulfhydrase is reduced, to effectively inhibit the production of foul gas in fermentation process
It is raw.
Gel-shaped bacillus: can produce the metabolites such as organic acid, capsular polysaccharide, biological enzyme, protein, destroy sial
Lattice structure, insoluble phosphorus compound of hydrochlorate etc., decomposition release soluble phosphorus potassium element and calcium, sulphur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum,
Microelement in manganese etc. not only enhances soil fertility, but also provides the absorbable nutrient utilized for crop, while generating red
The physiological activators such as mycin, cytokinin, microbial enzyme, bacterial polysaccharides promote crop nutrient absorption and growth metabolism, separately
Outside, which can also form profitable strain in crop root, inhibit soil pathogenic microorganisms, play the role of disease prevention.
Bacillus cereus: energy decomposition glucose, maltose, sucrose, salicin, dextrin etc., while antibacterial material is generated,
Inhibit harmful microbe breeding, the nutritional ingredient in soil of degrading is improved the ecological environment.
Bacillus licheniformis: can produce multiple active enzymes, as protease, amylase, lipase, pectase, dextranase,
Cellulase etc., while a variety of antibionts are generated, including lipopeptid class, chitinase, antibacterial protein, peptides, peptide glycan, phosphoric acid
The substances such as class, nucleic acid, amino acids, humic acids.
Aspergillus niger: acid protease, amylase, pectase, glucose oxidase, cellulase, citric acid, Portugal be can produce
Saccharic acid, gallic acid etc. have cracking larger molecular organics and indissoluble inorganic matter, are absorbed and utilized convenient for crop, improve soil knot
Structure, enhancing soil fertility, the effect for improving crop yield.
Aspergillus oryzae: acidity, neutrality, alkali protease, amylase, glutaminase, pectase, kojic acid, saccharification be can produce
Enzyme, cellulase, hemicellulase, phytase, lipase etc., battalion needed for making the organic matter in stalk become plant growth
It supports, improves the soil organism, improve soil texture.
Bacillus thuringiensis: it containing the crystal toxin of desinsection, can effectively prevent organic vegetable pest and disease damage in vivo.
Bacillus subtilis of the present invention, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped bacillus, bacillus cereus, lichens
The method culture that this field routine can be used in bacillus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus thuringiensis obtains, and can also be used
Commercial product.
Embodiment 1:
It is a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material, raw material composition and weight part ratio are as follows: microbial fermentation group
Close object 80, urea 10, wherein the raw material of the microbial fermentation composition forms and its weight part ratio are as follows: microorganism Mixed Microbes
Agent 1, group synthase agent 0.5, Organic Ingredients 100, water 20, lauryl sodium sulfate 1, the raw material composition of the microorganism mix bacterium agent
For bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped bacillus, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus niger,
Aspergillus oryzae and bacillus thuringiensis, the inoculum concentration of each bacterium are the 0.2% of Organic Ingredients, and described group of synthase agent is 5000U/g
Protease, 1000U/g cellulase, 3000U/g dextranase, 2000U/g pectase, 10000U/g lipase mixture,
The Organic Ingredients is the mixture that kitchen garbage is mixed with stalk by 1: 1 weight ratio.
Embodiment 2:
Difference from example 1 is that:
The raw material of the biological organic fertilizer forms and weight part ratio are as follows: microbial fermentation composition 85, urea 8, wherein institute
State the raw material composition and its weight part ratio of microbial fermentation composition are as follows: microorganism mix bacterium agent 1.3 organizes synthase agent 0.8, is organic
Raw material 100, water 18, lauryl sodium sulfate 1.5, the inoculum concentration of each strain is Organic Ingredients in the microorganism mix bacterium agent
0.3%, described group of synthase agent is 8000U/g protease, 2000U/g cellulase, 5000U/g dextranase, 3000U/g fruit
The mixture of glue enzyme, 15000U/g lipase, the Organic Ingredients are that kitchen garbage is mixed with stalk as what 2: 1 weight ratio mixed
Close object.
Embodiment 3:
Difference from example 1 is that:
The raw material of the biological organic fertilizer forms and weight part ratio are as follows: microbial fermentation composition 90, urea 5, wherein institute
State the raw material composition and its weight part ratio of microbial fermentation composition are as follows: microorganism mix bacterium agent 1.5 organizes synthase agent 0.7, is organic
Raw material 100, water 10, lauryl sodium sulfate 1.6, described group of synthase agent be 7000U/g protease, 1000U/g cellulase,
5000U/g dextranase, 3000U/g pectase, 18000U/g lipase mixture, the Organic Ingredients be kitchen garbage with
The mixture that stalk is mixed by 3: 1 weight ratio.
Embodiment 4:
Difference from example 1 is that:
The raw material of the biological organic fertilizer forms and weight part ratio are as follows: microbial fermentation composition 100, urea 6, wherein
The raw material of the microbial fermentation composition forms and its weight part ratio are as follows: microorganism mix bacterium agent 1.4 organizes synthase agent 1, is organic
Raw material 100, water 20, lauryl sodium sulfate 2, described group of synthase agent be 6000U/g protease, 2000U/g cellulase,
4000U/g dextranase, 4000U/g pectase, 12000U/g lipase mixture, the Organic Ingredients be kitchen garbage with
The mixture that stalk is mixed by 2.5: 1 weight ratio.
In biological organic fertilizer described in above-described embodiment, N: P: K=13.5: 2.5-2.8: 4.0-5.2, effective bacterium number >=0.2
Hundred million/g, the content of organic matter (in terms of butt) >=40%, moisture content≤30%, pH value 5.5-8.5, validity period >=18 month, and
6 months are stored after the organic fertilizer coating without caking phenomenon.
For the fertilizer efficiency of product that the detection present invention obtains, using commercially available muskmelon chemical fertilizer as contrast groups, by above-described embodiment
The biological organic fertilizer of preparation is test group, using test group and contrast groups as base manure, carries out manure trial to muskmelon, as a result
Display: compared with contrast groups, the yield of test group increases 35%-40%.
Influence for detection lauryl sodium sulfate of the present invention to organic matter degradation rate, carries out following rouge test:
Not add the microbial fermentation composition of lauryl sodium sulfate as comparative example (other conditions and 1 phase of embodiment
Together), the microbial fermentation composition that embodiment 1 obtains is test example, is investigated to the lipid and cellulose degradation rate of the two,
As the result is shown: the degradation of lipid rate of test example is higher than comparative example by 10.6%, and the cellulose degradation rate of test example is higher than comparative example
8.5%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material, it is characterised in that:
The raw material of the organic fertilizer forms and its weight part ratio includes: microbial fermentation composition 80-100, urea 5-10, described
The raw material of microbial fermentation composition form and its weight part ratio include: microorganism mix bacterium agent 1-1.5, group synthase agent 0.5-1,
Organic Ingredients 100, water 10-20 carry out medium temperature aerobic composting by above-mentioned raw materials and handle to obtain, wherein the microorganism
The raw material composition of mix bacterium agent includes bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillus
Megaterium), gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), bacillus cereus (Bacillus
Cereus), bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), aspergillus oryzae
(Aspergillus oryzae) and bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis), described group of synthase agent are egg
White enzyme, cellulase, dextranase, pectase, lipase mixture, the Organic Ingredients is the mixed of kitchen garbage and stalk
Object is closed, the temperature of the medium temperature aerobic composting processing is maintained at 25-50 DEG C.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material, it is characterised in that: the withered grass
Bacillus, bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped bacillus, bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae,
The inoculum concentration of bacillus thuringiensis is the 0.2%-0.3% of Organic Ingredients weight.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material, it is characterised in that: described
Protease is 5000-8000U/g, and the cellulase is 1000-2000U/g, and the dextranase is 3000-5000U/g, institute
Stating pectase is 2000-4000U/g, and the lipase is 10000-20000U/g.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 a kind of using kitchen garbage as the biological organic fertilizer of raw material, it is characterised in that: described
The raw material composition of microbial fermentation composition further includes lauryl sodium sulfate, the lauryl sodium sulfate and Organic Ingredients
Weight part ratio is 1-2: 100.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111662132A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-15 | 上海大龙现代农业科技有限公司 | Special biological organic fertilizer with weeding function for rice field and preparation method thereof |
CN111807885A (en) * | 2019-03-23 | 2020-10-23 | 何新成 | Kitchen waste bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN112794756A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-05-14 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Amino acid liquid organic fertilizer prepared by full-quantification of kitchen waste and preparation method thereof |
CN113088462A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江大学 | Composite leaven for organic material compost |
CN114380641A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-22 | 春华秋实科技集团有限公司 | Composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN115536445A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-12-30 | 江苏太古合一环境管理有限公司 | Method for preparing liquid organic base fertilizer from kitchen waste, liquid organic base fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer |
-
2018
- 2018-10-26 CN CN201811255310.2A patent/CN109369244A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111807885A (en) * | 2019-03-23 | 2020-10-23 | 何新成 | Kitchen waste bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN111662132A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-15 | 上海大龙现代农业科技有限公司 | Special biological organic fertilizer with weeding function for rice field and preparation method thereof |
CN112794756A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-05-14 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Amino acid liquid organic fertilizer prepared by full-quantification of kitchen waste and preparation method thereof |
CN113088462A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江大学 | Composite leaven for organic material compost |
CN114380641A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-22 | 春华秋实科技集团有限公司 | Composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
CN115536445A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-12-30 | 江苏太古合一环境管理有限公司 | Method for preparing liquid organic base fertilizer from kitchen waste, liquid organic base fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20190222 |