CN113088462A - Composite leaven for organic material compost - Google Patents

Composite leaven for organic material compost Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113088462A
CN113088462A CN202110269175.2A CN202110269175A CN113088462A CN 113088462 A CN113088462 A CN 113088462A CN 202110269175 A CN202110269175 A CN 202110269175A CN 113088462 A CN113088462 A CN 113088462A
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bacillus
organic
microbial inoculum
mixed microbial
compost
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Inventor
石伟勇
石庆胜
孔海民
贾燕芳
倪亮
李方勇
陈燕华
应霄
张佳佳
徐飘飘
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
    • C12N9/18—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
    • C12N9/18—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
    • C12N9/20—Triglyceride splitting, e.g. by means of lipase
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    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
    • C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12N9/2405—Glucanases
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    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
    • C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12N9/2405—Glucanases
    • C12N9/2434—Glucanases acting on beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds
    • C12N9/2437—Cellulases (3.2.1.4; 3.2.1.74; 3.2.1.91; 3.2.1.150)
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    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
    • C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
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    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/88—Lyases (4.)
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    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y301/00—Hydrolases acting on ester bonds (3.1)
    • C12Y301/01—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
    • C12Y301/01003—Triacylglycerol lipase (3.1.1.3)
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    • C12Y301/00—Hydrolases acting on ester bonds (3.1)
    • C12Y301/01—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
    • C12Y301/01011—Pectinesterase (3.1.1.11)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y402/00—Carbon-oxygen lyases (4.2)
    • C12Y402/02—Carbon-oxygen lyases (4.2) acting on polysaccharides (4.2.2)
    • C12Y402/02002—Pectate lyase (4.2.2.2)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite leaven for organic material compost, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts of a mixed microbial inoculum and 0.5-1 part of a combined enzyme agent, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger, and the combined enzyme agent is a mixture of protease, cellulase, glucanase and pectinase. The compound leaven of the invention can quickly start fermentation, prolong the high temperature period of compost and accelerate the decomposition speed of organic fertilizer, thereby improving the quality of the fertilizer and reducing the production cost. And simultaneously solves the pollution problem of organic wastes.

Description

Composite leaven for organic material compost
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource utilization, and particularly relates to a composite leavening agent for organic material composting.
Background
The organic fertilizer is produced by the composting technical means, so that organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure and household garbage can be treated, waste is turned into wealth, the quality of agricultural products can be improved, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the soil environment is improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Composting technology generally adopts the method of adding microorganisms with specific functions into organic matter materials to be composted to promote the organic matter to be transformed into stable humus under the condition of manual control. The method can improve the nitrogen content of the compost, promote the rapid temperature rise of the compost and accelerate the degradation of organic matters, thereby shortening the composting decomposition time, improving the quality of compost products, killing pathogenic microorganisms and effectively reducing the environmental pollution. At present, most of microbial agents have the problems of simple biological strain compounding, poor adaptability, weak functionality and the like. The effect is not ideal in the compost with more complex components, and the compost is eliminated by natural microorganisms in the compost, so that the organic fertilizer is slow in decomposition process, low in fertilizer production efficiency, incomplete in harmless treatment, low in fertilizer efficiency and even harmful to crops.
Therefore, a compost leaven which is low in nitrogen loss rate, fast in compost decomposition and high in compost efficiency is needed to be provided aiming at improving the compost efficiency and the organic fertilizer quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a composite fermentation agent for composting organic materials, which can degrade organic wastes to realize composting, accelerate the decomposition rate of organic materials, shorten the fermentation period, and improve the quality of organic fertilizers for composting, thereby achieving the purpose of recycling wastes quickly, reducing environmental pollution, and reducing production cost. The leaven has strong adaptability and can be suitable for preparing organic fertilizers from organic wastes such as excrement, straws, household garbage, kitchen and kitchen garbage and the like. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a composite leaven for organic material compost, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1 to 1.5 portions of mixed microbial inoculum and 0.5 to 1 portion of combined enzyme agent. The mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger. The combined enzyme agent is a mixture of protease, cellulase, glucanase and pectinase.
Preferably, the mixed microbial inoculum comprises bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger in any combination according to weight ratio.
Preferably, the weight ratio of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger in the mixed microbial inoculum is the same.
Preferably, the protease is 3000-5000U/g, the cellulase is 1000-2000U/g, the dextranase is 3000-5000U/g, the pectinase is 2000-4000U/g, and the lipase is 5000-10000U/g.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the composite leaven adopts a plurality of aerobic fermentation strains, the strains can secrete a plurality of enzymes capable of degrading organic matters (including protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, lipid and the like) and improving the insect pest resistance of crops in the growth process, the early degradation of bacteria such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and the like is combined with the subsequent enzymolysis of aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae, and the combined action of the combined enzyme preparation is added, so that the aerobic fermentation can be better performed on organic materials, the fermentation temperature can be quickly increased, the decomposition speed of the organic materials is accelerated, the fermentation period is shortened, the composting period only needs 5-10 days, the composting period is obviously shorter than the conventional composting period, the composting efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
(2) Under the action of various microorganisms and enzyme agents, the organic materials are subjected to phosphate and potassium dissolving, only a small amount of calcium hydrophosphate and potassium chloride are added into the obtained organic fertilizer, harmful bacteria, insects, ova, grass seeds and other harmful organisms in the compost can be quickly and thoroughly killed, the breeding of pathogenic bacteria again is inhibited, and the prepared organic fertilizer has good quality. In addition, the invention can decompose organic substances, organic sulfides, organic nitrogen and the like which generate malodorous gases, inhibit the growth of putrefying microorganisms and greatly improve the environment of a place.
(3) The invention is rich in various enzymes such as protease, cellulase and the like, has strong adaptability to materials, and is suitable for the composting fermentation of most organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws, kitchen waste, household garbage and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention.
A composite leaven for organic material compost comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1 to 1.5 portions of mixed microbial inoculum and 0.5 to 1 portion of combined enzyme agent. The mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger. The combined enzyme agent is a mixture of protease, cellulase, glucanase and pectinase.
The microorganism mixed microbial inoculum comprises bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger in any combination in proportion.
The protease is 3000-5000U/g, the cellulase is 1000-2000U/g, the dextranase is 3000-5000U/g, the pectinase is 2000-4000U/g, and the lipase is 5000-10000U/g.
The functions of the main raw materials used in the invention are explained as follows:
b, bacillus subtilis: bacillus subtilis synthesizes enzymes such as alpha-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase and the like by self, and hydrolyzes organic matters such as protein, fat, fiber and the like. Meanwhile, active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like generated in the growth process of the thalli have obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria or pathogenic bacteria with endogenous infection.
B, bacillus megaterium: has the function of dissolving phosphorus in soil, can improve the content of available phosphorus in soil, improve soil fertility and increase yield and efficiency.
B, bacillus licheniformis: has stronger activity of protease, lipase and amylase, and promotes the degradation of organic materials. Can also decompose toxic and harmful substances and has purification effect on organic fertilizers.
Aspergillus niger: can produce protease, amylase, pectinase, etc., and can crack organic molecules, which is beneficial for plant absorption. Simultaneously, the soil conditioner has the functions of improving the soil structure and enhancing the soil fertility.
Example 1:
a composite leaven for organic material compost comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1.5 of mixed microbial inoculum and 0.5 of combined enzyme agent. The microorganism mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger in the same weight part ratio. The combined enzyme agent is a mixture of 5000U/g protease, 1000U/g cellulase, 3000U/g glucanase, 2000U/g pectinase and 5000U/g lipase. And then uniformly mixing the mixed microbial inoculum and the combined enzyme agent which are respectively mixed, and compounding to obtain a finished product. When the microbial inoculum is used for decomposing organic raw materials, the inoculum size of each bacterium is 0.2 percent of the weight of the organic raw materials, and the combined enzyme agent is 0.5 to 1.5 percent.
Example 2:
the difference from example 1 is that:
the composite leaven comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1.2 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 0.6 part of combined enzyme agent. The combined enzyme agent is a mixture of 4000U/g protease, 2000U/g cellulase, 5000U/g glucanase, 3000U/g pectinase and 7000U/g lipase, and the mixed microbial mixed bacteria agent and the combined enzyme agent are uniformly mixed and compounded to obtain a finished product.
Example 3:
the difference from example 1 is that:
the composite leaven comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1.5 of mixed microbial inoculum and 0.7 of combined enzyme agent. The inoculation amount of each strain in the microbial mixed microbial inoculum is 0.3 percent of the weight of the organic raw materials, the combined enzyme agent is a mixture of 5000U/g protease, 2000U/g cellulase, 4000U/g glucanase, 3000U/g pectinase and 8000U/g lipase, and then the microbial mixed microbial inoculum and the combined enzyme agent which are respectively mixed are uniformly mixed to prepare a finished product.
The composite leaven for composting organic materials provided by the invention is suitable for composting fermentation work of most organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like. The specific using method comprises the steps of crushing and uniformly mixing the organic wastes, adjusting the water content, adding the compound leaven, uniformly stirring, conveying to a closed fermentation bin for composting treatment, fermenting and composting for more than 3 days at the fermentation temperature of not less than 60 ℃, and then granulating and packaging the prepared organic fertilizer primary material.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The composite leaven for composting organic materials is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1-1.5 parts of a mixed microbial inoculum and 0.5-1 part of a combined enzyme agent, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei and aspergillus niger, and the combined enzyme agent is a mixture of protease, cellulase, glucanase and pectinase.
2. The composite leaven for composting organic materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum comprises any combination of bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus circulans, bacillus sphaericus, trichoderma viride, trichoderma reesei, and aspergillus niger in weight ratio.
3. The composite fermentation agent for organic material composting as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus sphaericus, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger in the mixed microbial inoculum is the same.
4. The composite fermentation agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protease is 3000-5000U/g, the cellulase is 1000-2000U/g, the dextranase is 3000-5000U/g, the pectinase is 2000-4000U/g, and the lipase is 5000-10000U/g.
CN202110269175.2A 2021-03-12 2021-03-12 Composite leaven for organic material compost Pending CN113088462A (en)

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CN113716999A (en) * 2021-08-23 2021-11-30 安徽坤健生物科技有限公司 Biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes
CN114409477A (en) * 2022-02-16 2022-04-29 深圳市淳睿科技发展有限公司 Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN114749466A (en) * 2022-05-13 2022-07-15 深圳市容宜生物工程有限公司 Value-added emission-reduction process for garden residual branch, residual leaf and waste grass
CN115261281A (en) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-01 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） Biological starter for typha orientalis compost as well as preparation method and application thereof

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王艳华等: "饲用微生物酶制剂的作用及其应用", 《微生物学杂志》 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113716999A (en) * 2021-08-23 2021-11-30 安徽坤健生物科技有限公司 Biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes
CN114409477A (en) * 2022-02-16 2022-04-29 深圳市淳睿科技发展有限公司 Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN114749466A (en) * 2022-05-13 2022-07-15 深圳市容宜生物工程有限公司 Value-added emission-reduction process for garden residual branch, residual leaf and waste grass
CN115261281A (en) * 2022-08-24 2022-11-01 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） Biological starter for typha orientalis compost as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN115261281B (en) * 2022-08-24 2024-01-23 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） Biological starter for typha compost and preparation method and application thereof

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