CN113716999A - Biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes - Google Patents
Biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113716999A CN113716999A CN202110966190.2A CN202110966190A CN113716999A CN 113716999 A CN113716999 A CN 113716999A CN 202110966190 A CN202110966190 A CN 202110966190A CN 113716999 A CN113716999 A CN 113716999A
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biological environmental protection, in particular to a biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes. The biological treatment process comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a biological agent: preparing a first microbial liquid, a complex enzyme preparation and a second microbial liquid. (2) Preparing materials: the crop straws are crushed and then mixed with the livestock and poultry manure and limestone powder to obtain the organic fertilizer raw material. (3) One round of fermentation: and adding water to dilute the first microbial liquid and the complex enzyme preparation, and then uniformly mixing the diluted first microbial liquid and the complex enzyme preparation into the organic fertilizer raw material for film-covering fermentation. (4) And (3) two-round fermentation: and adding water to dilute the second microbial liquid, uniformly mixing the diluted second microbial liquid into the manure after one round of fermentation, and performing ventilation fermentation. (5) Modification and compounding: and after fermentation, fully mixing the decomposed fertilizer, perlite, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and magnesium carbonate to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer. The invention overcomes the defects of long production period, low efficiency, great influence of natural factors and easy pollution of organic biofertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological environmental protection, in particular to a biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes.
Background
A large amount of fertilizer is needed in agricultural production, and long-term use of common chemical fertilizer can cause soil hardening, underground water pollution, secondary salinization, microorganism reduction, influence on the microenvironment in soil, and further cause the problems of crop yield reduction and the like.
The use of the organic biological fertilizer can solve the defects of chemical fertilizers, not only can play a role in promoting the yield increase and income increase of crops, but also has small negative influence on the environment in the use process of the organic fertilizer, and can obviously improve the soil environment.
The organic biological fertilizer is mainly prepared from organic biological materials, and the yield of straws, livestock and poultry manure kitchen waste and sewage sludge in China is huge every year, so that the organic biological fertilizer is rich in raw materials for producing the organic biological fertilizer. However, the existing organic biofertilizer has the disadvantages of long production period, low efficiency, great influence by environmental factors such as climate, weather and the like, and easy pollution to atmosphere and water sources. Due to the limitation of environmental protection requirements, a large amount of organic biological materials cannot be fully utilized, and the yield and the use amount of the organic biological fertilizer do not reach the expectation.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the problems that the production scale of the organic fertilizer is small and the resource utilization degree of organic wastes is low due to the defects of the existing organic fertilizer production process are necessarily solved. Provides a biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes.
The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes provided by the invention is used for quickly producing organic biofertilizer by utilizing the organic wastes in a closed environment. The biological treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a biological agent: preparing a first microbial liquid containing bacillus subtilis and micromonospora echinospora. Preparing a complex enzyme preparation containing protease, glucanase, pectinase and cellulase. Preparing a second microbial liquid containing Enterobacter agglomerans, microzyme, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Acinetobacter.
(2) Preparing materials: the crop straws are crushed and then fully mixed with the livestock and poultry manure and the limestone powder according to the proportion of 6:17:1 to obtain the organic fertilizer raw material.
(3) One round of fermentation: in a fermentation chamber, adding water to dilute the first microbial liquid and the complex enzyme preparation, and then uniformly mixing the diluted first microbial liquid and the complex enzyme preparation into the organic fertilizer raw material; fermenting for 4-7 days after film coating.
(4) And (3) two-round fermentation: removing the film, diluting the second microbial liquid with water, uniformly mixing the diluted second microbial liquid into the manure after one round of fermentation, fully stirring, and continuously fermenting for 10-15 days in a ventilated environment; and turning the pile every 5-7 d.
(5) Modification and compounding: and detecting the physicochemical properties of the manure after the two-round fermentation, obtaining a decomposed fertilizer when the manure meets the humification degree standard, and fully mixing the decomposed fertilizer, perlite, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and magnesium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 100:5:7:3:1 to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the concentrations of the bacillus subtilis and the micromonospora echinospora in the diluted first microbial liquid are respectively 1.8x1010cfu/L and 0.3x108cfu/L。
Preferably, the concentration of Enterobacter agglomerans, Yeast, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Acinetobacter in the diluted second microbial solution is 1.0x1010cfu/L、1.5x1011cfu/L、1.5x1010cfu/L、1.0x109cfu/L and 1.0x108cfu/L。
Preferably, the concentration of the protease, the dextranase, the pectinase and the cellulase in the diluted complex enzyme preparation is 300-700U/g, 300-500U/g, 100-200U/g and 500-800U/g.
Preferably, the first microbial liquid, the second microbial liquid and the second microbial liquid are mixed into the manure to be fermented in a manner of spraying diluent; the spraying amount of the three components is 3-5L/100 kg.
Preferably, the moisture content of the manure raw material is kept between 30% and 35% and between 50% and 60% in the first fermentation stage and the second fermentation stage, respectively.
Preferably, the temperature in the fermentation chamber is maintained at not less than 30 ℃ and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation chamber is maintained at 14-19% in the two-round fermentation stage.
Preferably, in the two-round fermentation stage, when the maximum stack temperature is reached and the stack temperature is obviously reduced to be lower than 40 ℃, microorganisms comprising one or more of rotifer, nematode, earthworm and beetle are added into the manure.
Preferably, the pH of the organic fertilizer raw material is 5.5-8.0.
Preferably, in the fermentation process of the fermentation chamber, a unidirectional flow fan is adopted to introduce air into the fermentation chamber, the fermentation gas in the fermentation chamber is collected, and the collected odor is subjected to harmless treatment and then is discharged.
The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the biological treatment process provided by the invention can fully utilize organic waste resources taking livestock and poultry manure and crop straws as main components, and the produced organic fertilizer can reach various existing standards, thereby having good environmental protection benefits and economic benefits.
2. The process is improved only for the traditional compost production process, and the speed and the degree of the fermentation process are greatly improved and the production period of the organic fertilizer is shortened by reasonably selecting and accurately applying special microbial liquid and biological enzyme preparation; the average production cycle is less than one month. And the production of various toxic and harmful substances in the fermentation process is obviously inhibited in the production process, and the production efficiency and the product quality of the organic bio-fertilizer are improved.
3. The process provided by the invention can complete the production process in a closed environment, can fully eliminate odorous gas generated in the fermentation process, and overcomes the defects that the traditional process is easy to cause air pollution and water resource pollution. Meanwhile, the environmental conditions in the production process can be controlled, the influence of weather and climate factors on the production process is eliminated, and the effect of better digesting the organic wastes is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a biological treatment process for recycling organic waste provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic process diagram of a biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic waste provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a system structure of an odor treatment system for recycling organic waste in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure and layout of the UV photolysis purifier in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a water washing tank in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an adsorption silo in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the connection of control units in an odor treatment system for recycling organic waste in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
labeled as: 1. a gas collection mechanism; 2. an ultraviolet photolysis purifier; 3. a water washing pool; 4. an adsorption bin; 5. a biological digestion bin; 6. a sterilization device; 7. a backflow preventer; 8. a pH meter; 51. a stirring device; 52. an aeration device; 11. an air collecting opening; 12. an exhaust duct; 13. a fan; 21. an ultraviolet lamp; 22. a catalyst; 23. a first solenoid valve; 24. a second solenoid valve; 25. a gas flow meter; 31. an alkaline tank, 32 and an acidic tank; 33. a first check valve; 34. a second check valve; 41. a housing; 42. adsorbing the filler; 53. a temperature sensor; 54. a dissolved oxygen sensor; 100. a controller; 411. an inlet; 412. an outlet; 420. sodium bicarbonate solution; 421. a clinker section; 422. a steel slag section; 423. a zeolite stage.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "or/and" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes, which is used for rapidly producing organic biofertilizer by utilizing the organic wastes in a closed environment. As shown in fig. 2 and the figure, the biological treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a biological agent: preparing a first microbial liquid containing bacillus subtilis and micromonospora echinospora. Preparing a complex enzyme preparation containing protease, glucanase, pectinase and cellulase. Preparing a second microbial liquid containing Enterobacter agglomerans, microzyme, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Acinetobacter.
(2) Preparing materials: the crop straws are crushed and then fully mixed with the livestock and poultry manure and the limestone powder according to the proportion of 6:17:1 to obtain the organic fertilizer raw material. The pH value of the organic fertilizer raw material is 5.5-8.0. The limestone added to the raw material in this embodiment mainly has three functions, specifically including: a. inhibiting certain microorganisms in the feces; b. the physicochemical property of the manure before fermentation is improved; c. provides a calcium source for the life activities of the subsequently added microorganisms for fermentation.
(3) One round of fermentation: in a fermentation chamber, adding water to dilute the first microbial liquid and the complex enzyme preparation, and then uniformly mixing the diluted first microbial liquid and the complex enzyme preparation into the organic fertilizer raw material; fermenting for 4-7 days after film coating. The concentrations of the bacillus subtilis and the micromonospora echinospora in the diluted first microbial liquid are respectively 1.8x1010cfu/L and 0.3x108cfu/L。
In the diluted complex enzyme preparation, the concentrations of the protease, the dextranase, the pectinase and the cellulase are 300-700U/g, 300-500U/g, 100-200U/g and 500-800U/g.
In the embodiment, one round of fermentation is completed by adopting facultative anaerobes, and the main function is to carry out primary decomposition on organic matters and inhibit the life activities of certain harmful primary microorganisms in raw materials such as excrement, straws and the like. The manure raw material after the first round of fermentation also contains various enzymes and small molecular substances for promoting the fermentation, and the substances lay the foundation for the rapid development of the later two rounds of fermentation.
The primary fermentation stage in this example is different from the conventional secondary fermentation. Most of the fermentation processes in which the main fermentation stage has been completed in the conventional secondary fermentation, and the temperature of compost is usually also highest, the post-fermentation process is only to further process the remaining recalcitrant substances. The first round of fermentation of the embodiment is only at least simple pre-fermentation, and provides good fermentation environment and material base for the second round of microorganisms; the main fermentation stage is still in the second fermentation stage.
(4) And (3) two-round fermentation: removing the film, diluting the second microbial liquid with water, uniformly mixing the diluted second microbial liquid into the manure after one round of fermentation, fully stirring, and continuously fermenting for 10-15 days in a ventilated environment; and turning the pile every 5-7 d.
In the second microbial liquid diluted in this example, the concentrations of Enterobacter agglomerans, Yeast, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Acinetobacter were 1.0x10 respectively10cfu/L、1.5x1011cfu/L、1.5x1010cfu/L、1.0x109cfu/L and 1.0x108cfu/L。
In the two-round fermentation stage, the temperature in the fermentation chamber is kept to be not lower than 30 ℃, and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation chamber is kept to be 14-19%.
In the second round of fermentation process in this embodiment, various organic matters can be rapidly decomposed under the treatment of the specific microbial flora in the second microbial flora. All the work of the curing stage is basically completed, and various organic matters are converted into stable substances such as humic acid, amino acid and the like, so that relatively mature compost products are obtained. Through the two-round fermentation of the embodiment, the whole compost fermentation process can be controlled within 30d, and compared with the existing fermentation method, the fermentation speed and the compost production efficiency are obviously accelerated.
In the two-round fermentation stage of this example, when the manure reaches the maximum heap temperature, which is significantly reduced to below 40 ℃, microorganisms including one or more of rotifer, nematode, earthworm and beetle are also added to the manure. In the stage, microbial fermentation is basically completed, and by introducing insects and annelid animals, the manure can be loosened, and partial substances in the manure can be digested, so that the compost with more stable properties is obtained. At the same time, these organisms can also improve the microenvironment of the soil in which the compost is used, achieving soil property improvement.
(5) Modification and compounding: and detecting the physicochemical properties of the manure after the two-round fermentation, obtaining a decomposed fertilizer when the manure meets the humification degree standard, and fully mixing the decomposed fertilizer, perlite, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and magnesium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 100:5:7:3:1 to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
In the embodiment, the first microbial liquid, the double-check enzyme preparation and the second microbial liquid are mixed into the manure to be fermented in a manner of spraying diluent; the spraying amount of the three components is 3-5L/100 kg.
The first fermentation stage and the second fermentation stage respectively keep the moisture content of the manure raw material at 30-35% and 50-60%.
In this embodiment, the humification degree of the fermented manure can be measured according to conventional chemical or biological indicators. The traditional compost maturity evaluation indexes comprise:
a: the carbon to nitrogen ratio;
b: items characterizing the degree of degradation of organic matter in compost: carbon dioxide emission, oxygen consumption, self-heating generation, and the like in one detection period.
C: items characterizing the biotoxicity of the compost: concentration of volatile organic acids, ammonia concentration, results of seed germination or plant growth tests, and the like.
In the specific embodiment, any one of the index A and the index B, C is selected as an evaluation index for judging whether the fermented manure reaches a specified humification degree.
In the fermentation process of the fermentation chamber, the unidirectional flow fan is adopted to introduce air into the fermentation chamber, the fermentation gas in the fermentation chamber is collected, and the collected odor is subjected to harmless treatment and then is discharged. Thereby reducing the pollution to the environment in the production process of the organic fertilizer.
Example 2
This example provides an odor treatment system for recycling organic waste, which is used to treat the odor generated in the fermentation chamber during the composting process of organic waste in example 1 without harm. As shown in fig. 3, the odor treatment system includes: the device comprises a gas collection mechanism 1, at least two ultraviolet photolysis purifiers 2, a washing pool 3, an adsorption bin 4, a biological digestion bin 5, a sterilization device 6 and a controller 100.
The gas collecting mechanism 1 is used for collecting odor gas to be treated and discharging the gas to the rear section; the gas collection mechanism 1 comprises a gas collection opening 11, a fan 13 and an exhaust pipe 12.
As shown in fig. 4, two uv photolysis purifiers 2 are installed in parallel at the rear section of the air collecting opening 11, and the gas collected by the gas collecting mechanism 1 is discharged into the processing chamber of the uv photolysis purifier 2 for processing. The ultraviolet photolysis purifier 2 is provided with a catalyst 22 and an ultraviolet lamp 21; the catalyst 22 is nano-platinum particles and nano-titanium dioxide dispersed on a molecular sieve carrier. The light from the ultraviolet lamp 21 is irradiated on the surface of the catalyst 22; the inlet and the outlet of the treatment chamber of the uv photolysis purifier 2 are respectively provided with a first solenoid valve 23 and a second solenoid valve 24. A gas flow meter 25 is further provided at the inlet of the treatment chamber of each uv photolysis purifier 2.
In the UV photolysis purifier 2, a complete photocatalytic cracking cycle is controlled as follows: in the initial state, only one of the ultraviolet photolysis purifiers 2 is maintained in a state of receiving the gas discharged from the front end. The controller 100 closes the second solenoid valve 24 of the photolysis purifier 2 and obtains the detection result of the gas flow meter 25, and when the accumulated flow rate of the gas flow meter 25 in the current period reaches a predetermined threshold, the controller 100 closes the first solenoid valve 23 of the photolysis purifier 2 and stops receiving the gas. And the ultraviolet lamp 21 is turned on to perform one photocatalytic cracking treatment cycle. After the treatment is completed, the second solenoid valve 24 is opened to discharge the treated gas. Meanwhile, the controller 100 switches the remaining uv photolysis purifiers 2 to maintain the receiving state when the current uv photolysis purifier 2 is in the photocatalytic degradation process stage.
As shown in fig. 5, the washing tank 3 is installed at a rear stage of the uv photolysis purifier 2, and includes an alkaline tank 31 and an acidic tank 32 for sequentially performing alkaline washing and acidic washing on the gas flowing therethrough. A first check valve 33 is disposed between the uv photolysis purifier 2 and the alkaline cell 31, the first check valve 33 allowing only fluid from the uv photolysis purifier 2 to enter the alkaline cell 31. A second check valve 34 is arranged between the alkaline tank 31 and the acid tank 32; the second check valve 34 only allows fluid from the alkaline tank 31 to enter the acid tank 32.
The water washing solution adopted in the alkaline pool 31 is a sodium hydroxide solution with the pH value of 8.5-9.0; the water washing solution adopted in the acid tank 32 is a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 5.5-6; a pH meter 8 is also arranged in the washing tank 3, and the pH meter 8 is used for regularly monitoring the pH value of the washing liquid in the alkaline tank 31 and the acidic tank 32; the controller 100 acquires the detection result of the PH meter 8 and sends a corresponding alarm signal when the detection value exceeds a predetermined threshold value, thereby reminding a manager to replenish the chemicals into the corresponding alkaline tank 31 and the acidic tank 32.
As shown in fig. 6, the adsorption bin 4 is installed at the rear end of the rinsing tank 3, and is used for performing adsorption treatment on the gas discharged from the rinsing tank 3. The adsorption bin 4 includes a housing 41 and an adsorption packing 42 inside. The housing 41 has an inlet 411 and an outlet 412, the outlet 412 being located at the top of the housing 41, the inlet 411 being located at the bottom of the housing 41, and the inlet 411 extending up through the duct to be level with the outlet 412. The adsorption packing 42 is a multi-layer structure vertically arranged and sequentially comprises a zeolite section 423, a steel slag section 422 and an ash section 421 from bottom to top; adsorbent packing 42 is immersed in sodium bicarbonate solution 420.
This structural design who adsorbs storehouse 4 not only can realize good adsorption effect, slows down gaseous through-speed, can also have the effect that prevents the solution outflow.
In the adsorption filler 42, the material grain diameter of the zeolite section 423 is 6-10mm, and the material grain diameter of the steel slag section 422 is 5-7 mm; the particle size of the material of the ash residue section 421 is 2-4 mm; the material of the ash section 421 is combustion ash of biomass fuel; the porosity of the ash is more than 30%.
The biological digestion bin 5 is arranged at the rear section of the adsorption bin 4 and is used for carrying out biological digestion treatment on the residual gas discharged from the adsorption bin 4. The biological digestion bin 5 contains biological digestion solution; the biological digestion solution comprises a microbial flora consisting of Enterobacter agglomerans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus polymyxa and Acinetobacter, and nutrients required for supporting the life activities of the microbial flora. The top of the biological digestion bin 5 comprises a discharge port for discharging the treated tail gas. The biological digestion bin 5 is provided with a temperature sensor 53 and a dissolved oxygen sensor 54 for monitoring the properties of the biological digestion solution.
In this embodiment, the PH meter 8 is further configured to monitor the PH value of the bio-digestion solution periodically, and the controller 100 obtains a corresponding detection result and sends a corresponding alarm signal when the PH value of the bio-digestion solution exceeds a predetermined threshold value, so as to remind a manager to adjust the PH value of the bio-digestion solution to a preset safety range.
The biological digestion tank also comprises an aeration device 52, the aeration device 52 is used for oxygenating the biological digestion solution so as to keep the dissolved oxygen in the biological digestion solution not less than 1.8 mg/L; the controller 100 is configured to obtain a detection result of the dissolved oxygen sensor 54, and control the aeration device 52 to complete primary aeration when the detection value is lower than 1.8mg/L, so as to increase the dissolved oxygen in the bio-digestion solution. The biological digestion tank is further provided with a stirring device 51, the stirring device 51 is used for periodically stirring the biological digestion solution, and the stirring device 51 is electrically connected with the controller 100.
A backflow preventer 7 is arranged between the washing tank 3 and the adsorption bin 4 and between the adsorption bin 4 and the biological digestion bin 5 to prevent the solution in the adsorption bin 4 and the biological digestion bin 5 from entering the front-end equipment. The installation heights of the rinsing pond 3, the adsorption bin 4 and the biological digestion bin 5 are reduced in sequence. The installation or construction mode is also adopted to prevent the backflow of the system in the operation process.
The sterilizing device 6 is arranged at the discharge port of the biological digestion bin 5 and is used for sterilizing the tail gas discharged from the discharge port. The sterilization device 6 is a high-temperature sterilization box, the treatment temperature of the tail gas in the high-temperature sterilization box is higher than 140 ℃, and the rear end of the high-temperature sterilization box is also provided with an auxiliary ultraviolet sterilization device 6.
As shown in fig. 7, the controller 100 is configured to obtain the detection result of the gas flow meter 25, and control the operation states of the first electromagnetic valve 23, the second electromagnetic valve 24 and the ultraviolet lamp 21 according to the detection value of the gas flow meter 25, thereby completing a photocatalytic cracking cycle. The controller 100 is further configured to obtain detection results of the temperature sensor 53 and the dissolved oxygen sensor 54, and send a corresponding alarm signal when the detection values exceed a preset alarm threshold; the controller 100 is also used to control the operating state of the fan 13.
The following description is provided with reference to the operation process of the odor treatment system for recycling organic waste provided by this embodiment; the function and effect of the product provided by the present embodiment will be explained.
The odor treatment equipment is mainly installed near a composting workshop of an organic fertilizer production factory and is used for carrying out innocent treatment on fermentation gas in the composting production process. Wherein, the air collecting port 11 of the air collecting mechanism 1 is installed in the composting workshop, and the air collecting mechanism 1 extracts the air in the composting workshop through the fan 13 and the exhaust pipe 12 and discharges the air to the rear end.
In the present embodiment, the gas collected at the front end is mainly delivered to the rear end by the fan 13 in the gas collecting mechanism 1 as a power source, and is processed in different steps. In a specific construction process, when a single fan 13 cannot meet the odor delivery requirement after the system is scaled up, the fan 13 or other gas delivery devices can be appropriately added among various devices of the system. To meet the requirements for implementing the entire process flow.
In this embodiment, the collected odor first passes through the uv photolysis purifier 2, and the treatment process of the uv photolysis purifier 2 needs to be reacted in the treatment chamber for a certain treatment period, so the treatment process of this stage is not matched with the back-end continuous process. In view of this problem, the present embodiment provides at least two uv photolysis purifiers 2. With this arrangement, when one of the ultraviolet photolysis purifiers 2 is in the odor treatment stage, the odor collection can be performed by using the other ultraviolet photolysis purifier 2. The two are mutually matched to realize the continuous treatment of the waste gas in the whole flow.
In the ultraviolet photolysis purifier 2 of the present embodiment, the outlet of the treatment chamber and how to set up the solenoid valve are both matched through the switching strategy of the solenoid valve. In the catalytic cracking process, after gas flowmeter 25 detected that the gas in the process chamber reaches certain concentration, the solenoid valve at both ends all closed around the process chamber, ultraviolet lamp 21 opens, produce the UV light beam of high energy, the light beam shines on the catalyst 22 on molecular sieve carrier surface, under the excitation of high energy ultraviolet ray and the catalytic action of catalyst 22, macromolecule organic matter in the foul gas can produce multiple chemical reactions such as ring-opening and schizolysis, degrade to odorless micromolecule, including CO2And H2O, etc.; meanwhile, partial oxygen generated by the high-energy ultraviolet light beam is converted into ozone molecules, the ozone absorbs ultraviolet rays to generate oxygen radicals and oxygen, the oxygen radicals have ideal activity and can be combined with water vapor to generate hydroxyl radicals, and the hydroxyl radicals have strong oxidizing property, so that alcohols, aldehydes and carboxylic acid substances in odor molecules can be oxidized and decomposed into inorganic CO2And H2And O. After completion of one photocatalytic cracking cycle, the second electromagnetic valve 24 is opened to discharge the treated remaining gas to the rear stage. The catalyst 22 selected in the implementation is nano titanium dioxide and metal platinum in a specific proportion, and the catalytic effect of the nano titanium dioxide and the metal platinum is obviously improved under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, so that the reaction rate of the photocatalytic cracking reaction can be improved, and the cycle of a single photocatalytic cracking cycle is further shortened.
After the photocatalytic cracking treatment is finished, the residual gas enters the water washing tank 3 to be sequentially subjected to acid washing and alkali washing, odor molecules contain odor molecules which are easily dissolved in acid liquor or alkali liquor, such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide, and the gas can be removed in the water washing tank 3, and meanwhile, water-soluble gas can be removed after water washing.
Next, the remaining odor molecules will enter the adsorption bin 4, and the adsorption bin 4 of this embodiment uses three different adsorption fillers 42, which can adsorb water-soluble organic substances and front-end reaction products of odor gas of different types. The adsorption filler 42 adopted in the embodiment is immersed in the bicarbonate solution, and the solution can neutralize the PH value of the mixed gas on one hand, and can promote the dispersion effect of the gas in the adsorption bin 4 on the other hand, slow down the time of the odor molecules passing through the adsorption filler 42, and improve the removal rate of part of the gas. In addition, in this type of adsorption bin 4, the utilization rate of adsorption filler 42 is significantly improved, reducing the replacement cost of consumables.
The residual gas after adsorption treatment can enter the biological digestion bin 5, and the biological digestion bin 5 is mainly used for treating organic volatile odorous gas which cannot be subjected to harmless treatment by chemical treatment and physical adsorption at the front end. In the embodiment, the optimal biological digestion solution is prepared by combining the type of waste and the specific components of the substances generated in the composting process, and the optimal type of microorganisms in the biological flora is selected and bred. Thereby realizing the most efficient and sufficient gas harmless treatment effect. In order to maintain the stability of the gas treatment effect, the present embodiment further provides the aeration device 52 and the stirring device 51 for the bio-digestion chamber 5, which ensure that different microorganisms in the bio-digestion solution have the best biological activity in the whole treatment cycle, thereby exerting the best treatment effect.
The waste gas finally discharged from the biological digestion bin 5 is treated odorless gas. In order to prevent various microorganisms used in the bio-digestion solution from flowing out of the bio-digestion chamber 5 into the external environment along with the exhaust gas discharge process, causing damage to the environment. In this embodiment, particularly in the exhaust gas discharge process of the bio-digestion bin 5, even in the sterilization device 6, the finally discharged harmless exhaust gas is subjected to sterilization treatment.
In this embodiment, the sensor is used to monitor the treatment process at each stage in the treatment process, and then the controller 100 is used to control the operation states of the uv photolysis purifier 2 and the different devices in the bio-digestion tank. Human intervention in the running process of the system is reduced as much as possible, and the automation degree of the system is improved. The method not only improves the treatment efficiency of the system, but also improves the safety of managers, and the managers do not need to contact with various toxic and harmful substances generated in the treatment process.
In this embodiment, the odor treatment system performs harmless treatment on various odor gases generated in the organic matter composting process sequentially through four procedures of photocatalytic cracking, acid-base washing, physical adsorption and biological digestion treatment. Can effectively treat various gas components generated in the composting fermentation process, and has very thorough deodorization effect.
The system has higher treatment efficiency, can treat gas with larger flow simultaneously, is particularly suitable for the rapid treatment of odor gas with large flow in farms and the like, and has very high practical value.
The system that this embodiment provided carries out high-efficient utilization to different waste resources such as slag and fuel lime-ash in the processing procedure, has effectively utilized waste resources when saving waste gas treatment cost, has high environmental protection benefit and ecological value.
The odor treatment system provided by the embodiment realizes automatic monitoring and automatic control of the equipment operation process through the controller 100 and the sensor. The degree of manual intervention can be reduced, and the management cost of the system is reduced; meanwhile, the whole process of the system operation can be sealed, the contact between managers and harmful gases is reduced, and the safety of the system and the personnel is improved.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes is used for quickly producing organic biofertilizer by utilizing the organic wastes in a closed environment; the biological treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a biological agent: preparing a first microbial liquid containing bacillus subtilis and micromonospora echinospora; preparing a complex enzyme preparation containing protease, glucanase, pectinase and cellulase; preparing a second microbial liquid containing Enterobacter agglomerans, microzyme, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Acinetobacter;
(2) preparing materials: crushing crop straws, and then fully mixing the crushed crop straws with livestock manure and limestone powder according to the proportion of 6:17:1 to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material;
(3) one round of fermentation: in a fermentation chamber, adding water to dilute the first microbial liquid and the complex enzyme preparation, and then uniformly mixing the diluted first microbial liquid and the complex enzyme preparation into the organic fertilizer raw material; fermenting for 4-7d after film covering;
(4) and (3) two-round fermentation: removing the film, diluting the second microbial liquid with water, uniformly mixing the diluted second microbial liquid into the manure after one round of fermentation, fully stirring, and continuously fermenting for 10-15 days in a ventilated environment; turning the pile every 5-7 d;
(5) modification and compounding: and detecting the physicochemical properties of the manure after the two-round fermentation, obtaining a decomposed fertilizer when the manure meets the humification degree standard, and fully mixing the decomposed fertilizer, perlite, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and magnesium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 100:10:7:3:1 to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
2. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the concentrations of the bacillus subtilis and the micromonospora echinospora in the diluted first microbial liquid are respectively 1.8x1010cfu/L and 0.3x108cfu/L。
3. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second diluted microbial liquid, Enterobacter agglomerans, yeast, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus acidophilusThe concentration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Acinetobacter is 1.0x1010cfu/L、1.5x1011cfu/L、1.5x1010cfu/L、1.0x109cfu/L and 1.0x108cfu/L。
4. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the diluted complex enzyme preparation, the concentrations of the protease, the dextranase, the pectinase and the cellulase are 300-700U/g, 300-500U/g, 100-200U/g and 500-800U/g.
5. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the first microbial strain liquid, the double-check enzyme preparation and the second microbial strain liquid are mixed into the manure to be fermented in a manner of spraying diluent; the spraying amount of the three components is 3-5L/100 kg.
6. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the first fermentation stage and the second fermentation stage respectively keep the moisture content of the manure raw material at 30-35% and 50-60%.
7. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the two-round fermentation stage, the temperature in the fermentation chamber is kept to be not lower than 30 ℃, and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation chamber is kept to be 14-19%.
8. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the two-round fermentation stage, when the maximum stack temperature is reached and the stack temperature is obviously reduced to be lower than 40 ℃, one or more microorganisms including rotifers, nematodes, earthworms and beetles are added into the manure.
9. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pH value of the organic fertilizer raw material is 5.5-8.0.
10. The biological treatment process for resource utilization of organic wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: in the fermentation process of the fermentation chamber, a unidirectional flow fan is adopted to introduce air into the fermentation chamber, the fermentation gas in the fermentation chamber is collected, and the collected odor is subjected to harmless treatment and then is discharged.
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