CN112521188A - Method for synchronously accelerating maturity and controlling odor in livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process - Google Patents
Method for synchronously accelerating maturity and controlling odor in livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112521188A CN112521188A CN202011418735.8A CN202011418735A CN112521188A CN 112521188 A CN112521188 A CN 112521188A CN 202011418735 A CN202011418735 A CN 202011418735A CN 112521188 A CN112521188 A CN 112521188A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for simultaneously accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor intensity in the livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple operation and low investment and treatment cost, and can simultaneously solve the problems of low decomposition speed, high odor intensity and the like in the aerobic composting process of the livestock and poultry manure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and resource utilization, and relates to a method for synchronously accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor intensity in the aerobic composting process of livestock and poultry manure
Background
As a large country of animal husbandry, the yield of livestock and poultry products is increased year by year, and meanwhile, a large amount of livestock and poultry excrement is also generated. At present, the yield of the livestock manure in China is about 60 hundred million tons per year, but the utilization rate is less than 50 percent. On the other hand, China is also one of the countries with the largest crop straw production in the world, and the annual straw yield is 9 hundred million tons. The development and utilization of the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws can realize considerable economic benefit and ecological benefit.
High-temperature aerobic composting is a common means for treating waste organic matters, and during the composting process, microorganisms in the compost continuously metabolize organic matters in the compost, degrade toxic substances in the compost and fix nutrient substances of the compost. The compost product can be further processed into valuable compound fertilizer together with chemical fertilizer. Research reports that the water content, the ventilation strength, the temperature, the pH, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the addition of a conditioner are important influence factors in the composting process. The aerobic composting method mainly comprises a strip-stack composting system, a trough-type composting system, a fermentation bin composting system and a dynamic aerobic composting system. The stack composting is a traditional composting method and has the strongest simplicity and operability. The stack type compost can be stacked into a conical stack or a strip-shaped stack slope, and ditches or walls are dug around the stack type compost to reduce the influence of the external environment on the compost fermentation.
It is well known that the aerobic stack composting process of organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like has the defects of slow decomposition speed, long composting period (more than 35 days), serious odor pollution and the like. At present, researches on aerobic stack composting of organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like are mostly focused on solving the problems, but researches on accelerating the decomposition rate, shortening the composting time and effectively controlling the odor intensity of a pile body are lacked. Therefore, the development of a method for synchronously accelerating the subsidiary rate and efficiently controlling the odor intensity in the livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process is still a research focus and a key point in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art and develop a new method for simultaneously accelerating the decomposition rate and reducing the odor intensity in the livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process, the inventor carries out deep research and exploration, and finishes the invention after paying enough creative labor.
Specifically, the invention aims to provide a method for accelerating the decomposition rate of organic matters in the livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process and effectively adsorbing odor generated in the composting process by using activated carbon so as to obviously reduce the odor intensity.
More specifically, the method for accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor intensity simultaneously in the livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process comprises the following steps: the method takes livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like as raw materials, aerobic composting treatment is carried out on the raw materials by using thermophilic microbial agents, activated carbon is added into a composting system, the inter-species electron transfer rate of different microorganisms in the aerobic composting system is accelerated by using the activated carbon, meanwhile, malodorous gases such as NH3 and the like released in the composting process are efficiently adsorbed, the purpose of reducing the strength of the composts is achieved, and therefore, the method for synchronously accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor strength is obtained.
In the method, the mass ratio of the using amount of the active carbon to the mixed dry weight of the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws is 0.001:1-0.01:1, and is further optimized to be 0.003:1-0.08: 1.
In the method of the present invention, the particle size of the activated carbon is in the range of 0.005 to 0.15mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.025 to 0.10 mm.
In the method, the livestock and poultry manure is one or a combination of a plurality of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and deer manure, and is further optimized to be chicken manure, sheep manure or a combination thereof.
In the method of the present invention, the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 50 to 75%, and is further optimized to 60 to 70%.
The crop straw is one or a combination of several of corn stalks, rice straws, sorghum stalks, wheat stalks, sweet potato stalks and sugarcane stalks, and is further optimized to be the corn stalks, the rice straws or the combination thereof.
In the method, the dry weight mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the crop straws is 9:1-6:4, and is further optimized to be 8:2-7: 3.
The basic principle of using the active carbon to synchronously accelerate the decomposition rate and effectively control the odor intensity in the aerobic composting process of the livestock and poultry manure is as follows:
the aerobic composting is a biochemical process for degrading organic matters by the action of obligate and facultative aerobic bacteria, organic materials to be composted and fillers are mixed according to a certain proportion, and microorganisms propagate and degrade the organic matters under the conditions of proper moisture and ventilation, so that high temperature is generated, pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds in the organic matters are killed, the organic matters are stabilized, rotted and cured, and an organic fertilizer product is obtained. In the aerobic composting process, soluble small molecular organic substances in the organic waste permeate cell walls and cell membranes of microorganisms to be absorbed and utilized by the microorganisms. Insoluble macromolecular organic matter is first attached to outside of microbe and decomposed with extracellular enzyme secreted by microbe into soluble small molecular matter, which is then introduced into cell for utilization by microbe. By the living activities (synthesis and decomposition processes) of the microorganisms, a part of the absorbed organic matter is oxidized into simple inorganic matter and provides the energy required for the activities, while another part of the organic matter is converted into new cellular material for the proliferation of the microorganisms. It can be seen that aerobic composting is an electron transfer process from large molecular organic matter to small molecular organic matter, which is dominated by microbial action. The aerobic composting effect can be improved by regulating and controlling the electron transfer process in the aerobic composting process. Under normal conditions, the activated carbon material has the property of accelerating the electron transport efficiency. However, in an aerobic composting system of livestock and poultry manure, studies on enhancing the electron transfer efficiency by adding activated carbon to achieve the effect of improving the organic matter decomposition have not been reported. Meanwhile, in the aerobic composting process, odor such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like is also an important problem disturbing the treatment of organic wastes such as livestock manure, straws and the like, and the key for promoting the application of aerobic fermentation technical engineering is effectively monitoring and solving the odor pollution problem. Therefore, the development of a method for synchronously accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor intensity is still a research focus and a focus in the field at present.
As described above, the present invention provides a method for simultaneously accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor intensity, and by the comprehensive use and cooperation of specific process operations and technical means, the method of the present invention achieves multiple advantages and can produce multiple effects in practical applications, such as:
1. the addition of the activated carbon promotes the aerobic composting of organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like, thereby not only realizing the reduction of the organic wastes, but also greatly improving the aerobic composting efficiency and realizing the purpose of recycling the organic wastes.
2. The addition of the activated carbon can also obviously and effectively control the odor intensity, and has higher practical application value.
In conclusion, the invention provides a method for synchronously accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor intensity, and the method has a plurality of beneficial effects and has good application prospects in the aspects of environmental management, comprehensive utilization of waste resources and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the use and purpose of these exemplary embodiments are merely to exemplify the present invention, and do not set forth any limitation on the actual scope of the present invention in any form, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. In all the embodiments and/or comparative examples, a strip-stack type composting system is adopted to build a pile body with the length of 5m, the width of 3m and the height of 1.5m, and the compost is turned once every 3 days from the date of composting by adopting an active ventilation mode of manual pile turning.
The feces themselves in the following examples have a water content, and the water content is adjusted to 70% by the following procedure.
Example 1
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the pig manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using a thermophilic microbial agent, activated carbon is not added, and a stack turning machine is adopted for turning. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed after 35 days of aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-.
Example 2
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the pig manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using a thermophilic microbial agent, activated carbon with the particle size of 0.05mm is added, and the mass ratio of the mixed dry weight of the activated carbon, the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.005:1 and stack turning is carried out by adopting a stack turning machine. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed by aerobic fermentation treatment for 30 days, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-.
Example 3
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the pig manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using a thermophilic microbial agent, activated carbon with the particle size of 0.05mm is added, the mass ratio of the mixed dry weight of the activated carbon to the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.001:1, and the stack is turned by a turner. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed by aerobic fermentation treatment for 32 days, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-.
Example 4
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the pig manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, activated carbon with the particle size of 0.05mm is added, the mass ratio of the mixed dry weight of the activated carbon to the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.01:1, and the stack is turned by a turner. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed by aerobic fermentation treatment for 26 days, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-.
Example 5
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the pig manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using a thermophilic microbial agent, activated carbon with the particle size of 0.10mm is added, and the mass ratio of the mixed dry weight of the activated carbon, the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.005:1 and stack turning is carried out by adopting a stack turning machine. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed by aerobic fermentation treatment for 32 days, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-.
Example 6
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the pig manure to the rice straw is 9:1, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, activated carbon with the particle size of 0.05mm is added, and the mass ratio of the mixed dry weight of the activated carbon, the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.005:1 and stack turning is carried out by adopting a stack turning machine. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed after 29 days of aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-.
Example 7
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the pig manure to the rice straw is 6:4, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, activated carbon with the particle size of 0.05mm is added, and the mass ratio of the mixed dry weight of the activated carbon, the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.005:1 and stack turning is carried out by adopting a stack turning machine. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed by aerobic fermentation treatment for 32 days, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-.
Example 8
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the chicken manure to the corn stalks is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, activated carbon with the particle size of 0.05mm is added, and the mass ratio of the mixed dry weight of the activated carbon, the livestock manure and the crop straws is 0.005:1 and stack turning is carried out by adopting a stack turning machine. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed after 29 days of aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-.
In conclusion, the invention provides the method for synchronously accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor intensity in the aerobic composting process of the poultry manure, and the method has a plurality of beneficial effects and has good application prospects in the aspects of environmental management, comprehensive utilization of waste resources and the like.
It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should also be understood that various alterations, modifications and/or variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art after reading the technical content of the present invention, and all such equivalents fall within the protective scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The method for simultaneously accelerating the decomposition rate and effectively controlling the odor intensity in the aerobic composting process of the livestock and poultry manure is characterized in that the livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like are used as raw materials, aerobic composting treatment is carried out on the livestock and poultry manure by using thermophilic microbial agents, the decomposition rate of organic matters in the aerobic composting process is remarkably accelerated by adding activated carbon, and the odor intensity in the aerobic composting process is reduced.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the dosage of the active carbon to the mixed dry weight of the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws is 0.001:1-0.01: 1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the particle size range of the active carbon is 0.005-0.15 mm.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the particle size range of the activated carbon is preferably 0.025mm to 0.10 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the livestock and poultry manure is one or a combination of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and deer manure.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 50-75%.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the crop straw is one or a combination of corn stalk, rice straw, sorghum stalk, wheat straw, sweet potato stalk and sugarcane stalk.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the dry weight mass ratio of the livestock manure to the crop straws is 9:1-6: 4.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the thermophilic microbial agent is any one or more of endophytic bacillus, thermophilic sporothrix, thermus and thermophilic cellulolytic bacteria.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011418735.8A CN112521188A (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Method for synchronously accelerating maturity and controlling odor in livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process |
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| CN202011418735.8A CN112521188A (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Method for synchronously accelerating maturity and controlling odor in livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115231962A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-10-25 | 许淙庆 | Biodegradable composition and article comprising biodegradable composition |
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| CN104844317A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-08-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Crop compost and preparation method thereof |
| CN111517870A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-11 | 东北农业大学 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN111635269A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 华北水利水电大学 | Biochar-wheat straw modified town sludge micro-aeration mixed composting method |
| CN111925240A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-13 | 方俊 | Nitrogen-preserving deodorant for high-temperature composting of livestock and poultry manure |
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2020
- 2020-12-07 CN CN202011418735.8A patent/CN112521188A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103787750A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-14 | 沈阳农业大学 | Charcoal livestock and poultry excrement composting conditioner and preparation and use method thereof |
| CN104844317A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-08-19 | 上海市农业科学院 | Crop compost and preparation method thereof |
| CN111635269A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 华北水利水电大学 | Biochar-wheat straw modified town sludge micro-aeration mixed composting method |
| CN111517870A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-11 | 东北农业大学 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN111925240A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-13 | 方俊 | Nitrogen-preserving deodorant for high-temperature composting of livestock and poultry manure |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115231962A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-10-25 | 许淙庆 | Biodegradable composition and article comprising biodegradable composition |
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Application publication date: 20210319 |