CN104844317A - Crop compost and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Crop compost and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104844317A CN104844317A CN201510163931.8A CN201510163931A CN104844317A CN 104844317 A CN104844317 A CN 104844317A CN 201510163931 A CN201510163931 A CN 201510163931A CN 104844317 A CN104844317 A CN 104844317A
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- compost
- straw
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- stalk
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a crop compost and a preparation method thereof. The crop compost is prepared by the following method: (1) mixing manure, straw and straw charcoal in the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.1:0.3; and (2) conducting composting fermentation on the mixed materials with ventilation rate of 0.01-0.05m<3>.h<-1>.kg<-1> for 14 to 20 days and discharging. The crop compost prepared by the invention is supplemented with straw charcoal, has significantly improved contents of water-soluble salt, total nitrogen and rapid available phosphorus and excellent fertilizer efficiency, and is applicable to farmland.
Description
Technical field
Crop genetic resource field of the present invention, relates to a kind of farm crop compost and preparation method thereof specifically.
Background technology
China's agricultural wastes are mainly feces of livestock and poultry and the large class of agricultural crop straw two.The quantity discharged of China's scale livestock farming feces of livestock and poultry in 2010 about 22.3 hundred million tons, the year two thousand twenty will reach 42.4 hundred million tons.China's agricultural crop straw annual production 7.0 hundred million tons.Wherein based on paddy rice, corn and wheat stalk, account for 75.6% of stalk total amount.The burning of a large amount of stalk and optionally do not stacked the waste causing environmental pollution and resource by the feces of livestock and poultry of recycling.
Feces of livestock and poultry quality is comparatively thin, containing abundant nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter, but carbon-nitrogen ratio is lower, 5 ~ 15.The main component of agricultural crop straw is about 30% Mierocrystalline cellulose, 50% hemicellulose and 15% xylogen, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is up to 100 ~ 150.Utilize feces of livestock and poultry and agricultural crop straw compost, be agricultural wastes as one of the key means of soil and fertilizer or conditioning agent, be also a kind of easy handling, inexpensive, easy popularization, be applicable to the mode of China's agricultural wastes resource utilization.But nitrogen loss reaches 23.3 ~ 77.0% in composting process, reduce the nutrient content of composting production, the measure of conventional suppression ammonia volatilization has adds bamboo charcoal, bamboo vinegar liquid, rice bran and SULPHUR POWDER etc.Such as, Chinese invention patent (application number 200710006653) and Chinese invention patent (application number 200710006654) are by adding the nitrogen loss in bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar liquid reduction animal waste composting process; Chinese invention patent (application number 201210525624) utilizes layer hen manure and rice bran and straw hybrid composting; Chinese invention patent (application number 200910091091), by adding SULPHUR POWDER and ferrous sulfate in compost, suppresses nitrogen loss in composting process.Nonetheless, still there is the key issues such as composting production fertilizer efficiency is low in agricultural wastes composting production, also want other fertilizer of compounding application, the requirement of crop growth could be met.Therefore be necessary to develop the high compost of a kind of fertilizer efficiency, improve the agricultural value of composting production.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is the preparation method providing a kind of farm crop compost, and the method comprises the steps:
(1) feces of livestock and poultry, stalk mix with straw biological charcoal by 1:0.2:0.1 ~ 0.3 in mass ratio;
(2) said mixture material is carried out compost fermentation, rate of venting is 0.01 ~ 0.05m
3h
-1kg wet basis
-1, discharging after 14 ~ 20 days of fermenting.
Wherein said feces of livestock and poultry water ratio is 70 ~ 85%, and in feces of livestock and poultry, the massfraction of organic carbon counts 30 ~ 80% with butt;
Described agricultural crop straw water ratio is 10 ~ 20%, and in agricultural crop straw, the massfraction of organic carbon counts 50 ~ 80% with butt;
Described straw biological charcoal is the charcoal in all kinds of stalk source, comprises wheat straw biologic charcoal, rice straw charcoal, cornstalk biological charcoal and Barley straw charcoal etc.;
Straw biological charcoal take stalk as raw material, stalk is broken into the sections of 18 ~ 20cm, and tie up and load in airtight charring furnace, final carbonization temperature be 500 ~ 600 DEG C, average heating speed is 100 DEG C of h
-1condition under it is carbonized, be incubated 1h after rising to final carbonization temperature, obtain straw biological charcoal.
In step (2), mixture is put into fermentation equipment and carry out compost fermentation process by static forced ventilation mode and artificial mode of forcing turning to combine; Turning in every 5 ~ 7 days once; Rate of venting is preferably 0.03m
3h
-1kg wet basis
-1.
Present invention also offers the farm crop compost prepared by aforesaid method.
The content of the farm crop compost Water-soluble salt that the present invention prepares, full nitrogen and rapid available phosphorus obviously increases, and fertilizer efficiency is excellent, suitable field application.
The raw materials used source of farm crop compost provided by the invention is wide, and is waste in agriculture production, with low cost.
Because straw biological carbonaceous amount is light, porosity is high, adsorptivity is strong, ensure that compost material fully contacts with air, promote degraded organic in mixture, reduce the loss of nitrogen in composting process; And because straw biological charcoal is rich in surface functional group, promote transforming to compost soil ulmin of Water Soluble Organic Carbon in material, thus improve the degree of humification of compost, accelerate compost and fulfil digest process ahead of schedule; Moreover because straw biological charcoal specific conductivity is high, water-soluble nitrogen phosphorus enriches, so the interpolation of suitable proportion straw biological charcoal makes the farm crop compost nutritive ingredient of acquisition high.
Compost after straw biological charcoal adds 14 ~ 20 days, in composting production, specific conductivity is 1.41 ~ 2.35mscm
-1, total nitrogen content is 16.4 ~ 21.0gkg
-1, available phosphorus contents is 554 ~ 801mgkg
-1, the specific conductivity 21.2 ~ 45.5% in composting production, total nitrogen content 6.1 ~ 19.0%, available phosphorus contents 12.1 ~ 26.2% can be significantly improved, the final charcoal base composting production quality obtained is high, fertilizer efficiency is excellent, suitable agricultural.
In addition, due to straw biological charcoal have that absorption property is strong, wide material sources, the advantage such as with low cost, in composting process, impel that material loosening is easily separated, composting cycle shortens.
The present invention selects straw biological charcoal to be applied in agricultural wastes hybrid composting, because straw biological charcoal contains abundant functional group's group, the organic carbon can accelerated in water soluble organic substance shifts to humus united, finally realizes the minimizing of agricultural wastes, resource utilization and innoxious.
Straw biological charcoal is by the agricultural crop straws such as wheat, barley, paddy rice or the corn Vandyke brown that obtains after high temperature pyrolysis or black porous material under the condition of anaerobic or limit oxygen.Charcoal has compared with bigger serface, surface functional group and abundant microvoid structure, all will produce material impact to nutrient maintenance, water utilization, Soil structure, heavy metal and organic pollutant biological effectiveness.Particularly straw biological charcoal derives from straw biomass, its conductivity range 3.5 ~ 10.0mscm
-1, available phosphorus contents scope 700 ~ 1200mgkg
-1, nitrate nitrogen content is between 80 ~ 120mgkg
-1, ammonium nitrogen content range 20 ~ 60mgkg
-1deng, all higher than charcoal and bamboo charcoal.Therefore, straw biological charcoal not only possesses the characteristic of the promotion compost degree of humification of standard biologic charcoal, and can be used for soil nutrient and Promoting plant growth after being applied to agricultural land soil.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The feces of livestock and poultry used in the present embodiment is pig manure, and agricultural crop straw is wheat stalk, takes from pig farm and the experimental plot of row testing station, the village, Senior Residents in Fengxian District of Shanghai respectively.Wherein, the water ratio of pig manure is 85.0%, and the massfraction of organic carbon counts 34.4% with butt; The water ratio of stalk is 9.1%, and the massfraction of organic carbon counts 62.6% with butt.
Wheat stalk is broken into the sections of 18 ~ 20cm, and (energy environmental protection development in science and technology company limited is realized the truth in Zhejiang to tie up airtight charring furnace in loading row testing station, the village, model ECO-5000) in, final carbonization temperature be 500 DEG C, average heating speed is 100 DEG C of h
-1condition under it is carbonized, be incubated 1h after rising to final carbonization temperature 500 DEG C, obtaining straw biological charcoal is wheat stalk charcoal, the wheat straw biologic charcoal specific conductivity 7.9mscm be prepared into
-1, pH value 5.5, Water Soluble Organic Carbon content 2.7gkg
-1, available phosphorus contents 1100mgkg
-1, nitrate nitrogen content 22.6mgkg
-1, total nitrogen content 15.2gkg
-1.
(1) pig manure, wheat stalk mix with wheat straw biologic charcoal by 1:0.2:0.2 in mass ratio, obtain mixture, and this mixture water ratio is 70%;
(2) said mixture material is carried out compost fermentation, rate of venting is 0.03m
3h
-1kg wet basis
-1, turning in every 7 days once; To ferment discharging after 20 days.
In composting process the 14th and within 20 days, get compost sample analyze its nutrient composition and content, the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example:
(1) pig manure mixes with wheat stalk by 1:0.2 in mass ratio, obtains mixture, and this mixture water ratio is 70%;
(2) said mixture material is carried out compost fermentation, rate of venting is 0.03m
3h
-1kg wet basis
-1, turning in every 7 days once; To ferment discharging after 20 days.
Its Raw with embodiment 1, the in composting process the 14th and within 20 days, get compost sample analyze its nutrient composition and content, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The feces of livestock and poultry used in the present embodiment is pig manure, and agricultural crop straw is wheat stalk, takes from pig farm and the experimental plot of row testing station, the village, Senior Residents in Fengxian District of Shanghai respectively.Wherein, the water ratio of pig manure is 85%, and the massfraction of organic carbon counts 34.4% with butt; The water ratio of stalk is 9.1%, and the massfraction of organic carbon counts 62.6% with butt.
Wheat stalk is broken into the sections of 18 ~ 20cm, and ties up and load in row testing station, the village in airtight charring furnace (model ECO-5000), final carbonization temperature be 500 DEG C, average heating speed is 100 DEG C of h
-1condition under it is carbonized, be incubated 1h after rising to final carbonization temperature, obtaining straw biological charcoal is wheat stalk charcoal, the wheat straw biologic charcoal specific conductivity 7.9mscm be prepared into
-1, pH value 5.5, Water Soluble Organic Carbon content 2.7gkg
-1, available phosphorus contents 1100mgkg
-1, nitrate nitrogen content 22.6mgkg
-1, total nitrogen content 15.2gkg
-1.
(1) pig manure, wheat stalk mix with wheat straw biologic charcoal by 1:0.2:0.3 in mass ratio, obtain mixture, and this mixture water ratio is 70%;
(2) said mixture material is carried out compost fermentation, rate of venting is 0.03m
3h
-1kg wet basis
-1, turning in every 7 days once; To ferment discharging after 20 days.
In composting process the 14th and within 20 days, get compost sample analyze its nutrient composition and content, the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
The feces of livestock and poultry used in the present embodiment is pig manure, and agricultural crop straw is rice straw, takes from pig farm and the experimental plot of row testing station, the village, Senior Residents in Fengxian District of Shanghai respectively.Wherein, the water ratio of pig manure is 85%, and the massfraction of organic carbon counts 34.4% with butt; The water ratio of stalk is 10.1%, and the massfraction of organic carbon counts 41.0% with butt.
Rice straw is broken into the sections of 18 ~ 20cm, and ties up and load in row testing station, the village in airtight charring furnace (model ECO-5000), final carbonization temperature be 500 DEG C, average heating speed is 100 DEG C of h
-1condition under it is carbonized, be incubated 1h after rising to final carbonization temperature, obtaining straw biological charcoal is rice straw charcoal, this rice straw charcoal specific conductivity 5.4mscm
-1, pH value 7.2, Water Soluble Organic Carbon content 2.3gkg
-1, available phosphorus contents 800mgkg
-1, nitrate nitrogen content 43.0mgkg
-1.
(1) pig manure, rice straw mix with rice straw charcoal by 1:0.2:0.1 in mass ratio, obtain mixture, and this mixture water ratio is 70%;
(2) said mixture material is carried out compost fermentation, rate of venting is 0.03m
3h
-1kg wet basis
-1, turning in every 7 days once; To ferment discharging after 20 days.
In composting process the 14th and within 20 days, get compost sample analyze its nutrient composition and content, the results are shown in Table 1.
The farm crop heap fertilizer nutrient composition of table 1 embodiment and comparative example and content
Claims (4)
1. a preparation method for farm crop compost, the method comprises the steps:
(1) feces of livestock and poultry, stalk mix with straw biological charcoal by 1:0.2:0.1 ~ 0.3 in mass ratio;
(2) said mixture material is carried out compost fermentation, rate of venting is 0.01 ~ 0.05m
3h
-1kg wet basis
-1, discharging after 14 ~ 20 days of fermenting.
2. the preparation method of farm crop compost according to claim 1, wherein said straw biological charcoal take stalk as raw material, stalk is broken into the sections of 18 ~ 20cm, and ties up and load in airtight charring furnace, final carbonization temperature be 500 ~ 600 DEG C, average heating speed is 100 DEG C of h
-1condition under it is carbonized, be incubated 1h after rising to final carbonization temperature, the straw biological charcoal obtained.
3. the preparation method of farm crop compost according to claim 1, wherein rate of venting is 0.03m
3h
-1kg wet basis
-1.
4. the farm crop compost that method is prepared into according to any one of claim 1-3.
Priority Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510163931.8A CN104844317A (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2015-04-08 | Crop compost and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510163931.8A CN104844317A (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2015-04-08 | Crop compost and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104844317A true CN104844317A (en) | 2015-08-19 |
Family
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105439659A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Application of charcoal in reducing discharge of TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) in livestock manure and straw compost |
| CN105646076A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-06-08 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Carbon-based auxiliary, preparation method thereof and application in livestock manure composting |
| CN105801248A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-27 | 唐山海奥有机肥有限公司 | Preparation method of stable carbon source organic fertilizer |
| CN106220261A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-14 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of method of chicken manure aerobic compost |
| CN106399385A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-02-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for producing methane and preparing fertilizer simultaneously |
| CN106495770A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of efficient high-rate composting fermentation process of utilization agriculture and forestry organic waste material |
| CN106608757A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-05-03 | 南开大学 | Preparation method for biochar basic fertilizer |
| CN106916034A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-07-04 | 无限极（中国）有限公司 | A kind of biomass composite and its preparation technology and application |
| CN107473895A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-15 | 佛山科学技术学院 | The animal waste processing method that a kind of fermentation time is short, cost is low |
| CN107915558A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-17 | 林国林 | A kind of compost method for producing high content nitrogen organic fertilizer |
| CN107935640A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 青岛农业大学 | It is a kind of to accelerate decomposed additive of pig manure and its preparation method and application |
| CN108840775A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-20 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of organic agriculture charcoal base manure material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111217647A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-06-02 | 上海市农业科学院 | Silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN112521188A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-19 | 甘肃兰菲环保科技有限公司 | Method for synchronously accelerating maturity and controlling odor in livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process |
| CN112573952A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-30 | 甘肃兰菲环保科技有限公司 | Method for improving aerobic composting effect of organic waste in agricultural rural areas |
| CN112694361A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-04-23 | 山东大学 | Reed straw and biochar organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| US11124461B2 (en) | 2019-07-04 | 2021-09-21 | Incitec Pivot Limited | Fertilizer |
| CN113429242A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-24 | 深圳市博林环保工程有限公司 | Universal planting matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN113912439A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-11 | 山东庞大生物集团有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and straw |
| CN115368192A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-22 | 宁夏大学 | Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115490559A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-12-20 | 安徽理工大学 | Fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and straw and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116023195A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-04-28 | 中振智农科技有限公司 | Molybdenum-rich fertilizer for efficiently improving soil and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106916034A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-07-04 | 无限极（中国）有限公司 | A kind of biomass composite and its preparation technology and application |
| CN105439659A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Application of charcoal in reducing discharge of TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) in livestock manure and straw compost |
| CN106608757A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-05-03 | 南开大学 | Preparation method for biochar basic fertilizer |
| CN105646076A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-06-08 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Carbon-based auxiliary, preparation method thereof and application in livestock manure composting |
| CN105801248A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-27 | 唐山海奥有机肥有限公司 | Preparation method of stable carbon source organic fertilizer |
| CN106399385B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2019-08-23 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of while methane phase and the method for preparing fertilizer |
| CN106399385A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-02-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for producing methane and preparing fertilizer simultaneously |
| CN106220261A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-14 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of method of chicken manure aerobic compost |
| CN106495770A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of efficient high-rate composting fermentation process of utilization agriculture and forestry organic waste material |
| CN107473895A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-15 | 佛山科学技术学院 | The animal waste processing method that a kind of fermentation time is short, cost is low |
| CN107915558A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-17 | 林国林 | A kind of compost method for producing high content nitrogen organic fertilizer |
| CN107935640A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 青岛农业大学 | It is a kind of to accelerate decomposed additive of pig manure and its preparation method and application |
| CN107935640B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2021-03-02 | 青岛农业大学 | Additive for accelerating compost maturity of pig manure and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108840775A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-20 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of organic agriculture charcoal base manure material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111217647A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-06-02 | 上海市农业科学院 | Silicon-containing biochar-based fertilizer and preparation method and application method thereof |
| US11124461B2 (en) | 2019-07-04 | 2021-09-21 | Incitec Pivot Limited | Fertilizer |
| US11691929B2 (en) | 2019-07-04 | 2023-07-04 | Incitec Fertilizers Pty Limited | Fertiliser |
| CN112573952A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-30 | 甘肃兰菲环保科技有限公司 | Method for improving aerobic composting effect of organic waste in agricultural rural areas |
| CN112521188A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-19 | 甘肃兰菲环保科技有限公司 | Method for synchronously accelerating maturity and controlling odor in livestock and poultry manure aerobic composting process |
| CN112694361A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-04-23 | 山东大学 | Reed straw and biochar organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113429242A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-24 | 深圳市博林环保工程有限公司 | Universal planting matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN113912439A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-11 | 山东庞大生物集团有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and straw |
| CN115490559A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-12-20 | 安徽理工大学 | Fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and straw and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115368192A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-22 | 宁夏大学 | Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115368192B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-01-02 | 宁夏大学 | Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116023195A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-04-28 | 中振智农科技有限公司 | Molybdenum-rich fertilizer for efficiently improving soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN116023195B (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-11-28 | 中振智农科技有限公司 | Molybdenum-rich fertilizer for efficiently improving soil and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150819 |