CN110092678A - A kind of production method preparing biological organic fertilizer and biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer using agricultural wastes - Google Patents
A kind of production method preparing biological organic fertilizer and biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer using agricultural wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110092678A CN110092678A CN201910338236.9A CN201910338236A CN110092678A CN 110092678 A CN110092678 A CN 110092678A CN 201910338236 A CN201910338236 A CN 201910338236A CN 110092678 A CN110092678 A CN 110092678A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of production methods that biological organic fertilizer and biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are prepared using agricultural wastes.The production method mixes agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry by a certain percentage to adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio and carbon-phosphorus ratio, inoculation decomposing microbial inoculum carries out biology aerobic and is total to compost, using measurement water soluble organic substance ultraviolet spectra parameter SUVA on the basis of the physics such as color, smell determine280、A226~400Method chemistry determine compost maturity, biological organic fertilizer can be directly prepared into after the semi-finished product after fermentation are crushed, dried；Or suitable chemical fertilizer is added and prepares biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.It is simple production process of the present invention, low in cost, product fermentation sufficiently, quality stablize, realize agricultural wastes scale, recycling, innoxious recycle.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to utilization of agricultural resources utilization and Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution technical field, and in particular to a kind of to utilize agriculture waste
Object prepares the production method of biological organic fertilizer and biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Background technique
China's agricultural wastes such as agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry etc. are resourceful, China's stalk theoretical resources in 2017
Amount is 8.84 hundred million t, and the year two thousand twenty feces of livestock and poultry theory yield is up to 28.8 hundred million t.Agricultural wastes comprehensively utilize industrialization journey
The factors such as low, deficiency in economic performance are spent, a large amount of agricultural wastes direct returning to farmland is caused, throws aside or burn, not only ecological environment is made
At seriously threatening or a kind of huge wasting of resources.How really to realize that agricultural wastes become " useless " as " treasured ", protection is given birth to
State environment promotes agricultural sustainable development to be of great significance.Contain organic matter and nitrogen abundant, phosphorus, potassium in agricultural wastes
It can be real through processing appropriate for producing the products such as biological organic fertilizer, biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with a small amount of microelement
Existing agricultural wastes scale, innoxious recycles recycling.
Summary of the invention
Biological organic fertilizer is prepared the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of utilization agricultural wastes and biologic organic, inorganic is multiple
The production method of complex fertilizer solves a large amount of agricultural wastes direct returning to farmland, throws aside or burn the environmental problem generated, realizes that agricultural is useless
The Fertilizer Transformed of gurry utilizes.
The technical scheme is that as follows:
A kind of production method preparing biological organic fertilizer or biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer using agricultural wastes, including with
Lower step:
(1) agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry are crushed respectively, is mixed, obtain mixed material, mixed material quality 0 is added
~1.0% decomposition microbial agent, and water content is adjusted to 50%~70%, it stirs evenly, obtains composting material, the crops
Stalk, feces of livestock and poultry mixed proportion be than, C/P according to C/N than determining, the C/N ratio is 20~25, the C/P
Than being 80~400；
(2) composting material is piled into a pile, carries out aerobic decomposed processing, obtained after the completion of decomposed biological organic fertilizer half at
Product；
(3) biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product crushing, booth is dry in the cool, until water content is 4%~6%, obtained life
Organic fertilizer；
Or nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are added in biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product, it stirs evenly, makes its content of organic matter
Mass fraction 20%~80%, total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2It O is) mass fraction 15%~30%, moisture content is mass fraction
4%~10%, pH value is 6~8, after being granulated, sieving qualification, and packaging obtains biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Decomposition microbial agent in the step (1) is added in mixed material with water, i.e., institute's water requirement 1/3 is first added,
It stirs evenly, is added after decomposition microbial agent is blent with 1/3 water, be stirring evenly and then adding into remaining water, stir evenly, make mixture
The water content of material is 50%~70%.
Crushing in the step (1) is that crops stalk crushing to 1~5cm, feces of livestock and poultry are crushed to 1~5mm.
In the step (2) during aerobic decomposed processing, every turning in 5~7 days is primary, moisturizing is primary, and the pile is
The trapezoidal pile of 1.5~2.0m of length and width, high 1.0~1.5m.
The rate of water make-up, which is moisturizing, holds the water outlet of raw material webs but the solidifying state without dripping to being subject to.
The decomposition microbial agent is commodity stalk rotting agent or self-control composite bacteria agent.
Through detecting, the content of organic matter in biological organic fertilizer obtained is 80%~90%, total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) it is
8%~10%, moisture be 4%~6%, pH value be 6~8, meet NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer quality standard (organic matter >=
45%, total nutrient >=5%, moisture≤30%, pH value 5.5~8.5).
The nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the urea contains
Nitrogen quantity is 46%, and the calcium superphosphate presses P2O5Counting phosphorus content is 12%, and the potassium chloride presses K2It is 60% that O, which counts potassium content,.
The granularity requirements of the screening are 1.00~4.75mm of granularity or 3.35~5.60mm >=70%.
Through detecting, the content of organic matter in biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer obtained is 20%~80%, total nutrient (N+
P2O5+K2It O) is 15%~30%, moisture is 4%~10%, and pH value is 6~8, meets GB 18877-2009 organic-inorganic compound
Fertile quality standard (organic matter >=20%, total nutrient >=15%, moisture≤12%, pH value 5.5~8.0).
It may be noted that the content of material mentioned in above-mentioned steps is the mass fraction of the substance.
It, can be on the basis of the physics such as color, smell determine using measurement water soluble organic substance in the judgement of rotten degree
Ultraviolet spectra parameter (SUVA280: 280 nanometers characteristic ultraviolet spectras absorb；A226~400: 226-400 nanofeature is ultraviolet
Spectral absorption integral area) method chemistry determine compost maturity.The physics criterion for the compost maturity that the present invention uses
Are as follows: appearance is brown, no harmful and penetrating odor, is presented that nature is loose, fibrous crumb structure of uniform size；Chemistry is sentenced
Calibration is quasi- are as follows: SUVA280≥1.28L·mg-1·m-1, A226~400≥1.70×10-7L·mg-1。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Largely idle agricultural waste utilization is completely converted into fertilizer by the present invention, is occurred without by-product, is produced
Meet the biological organic fertilizer of NY 525-2012 standard and the biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of GB 18877-2009 standard.It is strip style
Biology aerobic is total to composting technology simple production process, low in cost, does not need to found the factory or procuring equipment, is suitable for field and produces；
Biological organic fertilizer and biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer product ferment, and abundant, quality is stable, can be widely used for various agricultural economy and makees
Object.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart that biological organic fertilizer and biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are prepared using agricultural wastes.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are further illustrations of the invention, rather than limiting the invention.
The preparation of self-control composite bacteria agent in following embodiments are as follows:
Raw material: EM bacterium solution (commercially available), white rot bacterium solution (commercially available), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) liquid with
Phosphorus decomposing bacterium solution, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria conciliate Phos bacterium containing organic phosphorus bacterium (Bacillus megaterium) is solved
(Pseudomonassp.)。
By EM bacterium solution, white rot bacterium solution, fixed nitrogen bacterium solution, organic phosphorus bacterium (Bacillus megaterium) liquid of solution, solution Phos
Bacterium (Pseudomonas sp.) liquid is uniformly mixed according to the ratio of volume ratio 30:25:20:12.5:12.5, obtains mixed bacteria,
Mixed bacteria is inoculated into LB culture medium according to the inoculum concentration of volume fraction 5% and carries out fermented and cultured, 28 DEG C, 150rmin-1
Culture is then again freeze-dried bacterium solution, obtains self-control composite bacteria agent, living bacteria count to logarithmic growth phase (about 48h)
It is >=0.8 × 108CFU·g-1。
Embodiment 1: self-control biological organic fertilizer A
(1) Shaxi Town poly- dragon in Zhongshan city's is taken to enclose the rice straw 150kg (being crushed to 3cm, moisture content 10%) of farm output,
Dry pig manure 58.5kg (being crushed to 3mm) is added, obtaining mixed material, (C/N ratio is 120) 25, C/P ratio is；Into mixed material
105kg pure water is added, stirs evenly, it is (0.675kg " Jin Kuizi " stalk rotting agent is molten that " Jin Kuizi " stalk rotting agent aqueous solution is then added
In 105kg pure water) it stirs evenly, then 105kg pure water is added, it stirs evenly, making the water content of mixed material is about 60%, is obtained
Composting material.
(2) by the trapezoidal pile of mixed compost raw material heap growth 1.5m, width 1.5m, high 1.0m, it is thin that plastics are covered
Surrounding is compacted with brick after film, prevents rainwater from drenching and guaranteeing fermentation temperature, carries out aerobic decomposed processing, every turning one in 7 days
It is secondary, moisturizing is primary, rate of water make-up is to be subject to hold the water outlet of raw material webs but the solidifying state without dripping, after processing 6 weeks, fermentation material
Brown, no harmful and penetrating odor is presented that nature is loose, fibrous crumb structure of uniform size, and uses ultraviolet light
The content SUVA of water soluble organic substance in spectrum measurement fermentation material280=1.32Lmg-1·m-1, A226~400=1.70 × 10-7L·
mg-1(SUVA280: 280 nanometers characteristic ultraviolet spectras absorb；A226~400: 226-400 nanofeature ultraviolet spectra absorbs product
Facet product), display fermentation is completed, and biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product are obtained.
(3) the biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product obtained after fermentation are crushed, booth is dry in the cool, until water content is
4.56%, obtained biological organic fertilizer.Through detecting, the index of product are as follows: the content of organic matter 81.7%, total nutrient (N+P2O5+
K2O) content is 8.01%, and it is (organic to meet NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer quality standard for moisture content 4.56%, pH value 6.65
Matter >=45%, total nutrient >=5%, moisture≤30%, pH value 5.5~8.5).
Embodiment 2: self-control biological organic fertilizer B
(1) Shaxi Town poly- dragon in Zhongshan city's is taken to enclose the rice straw 150kg (being crushed to 1cm, moisture content 10%) of farm output,
Dry pig manure 58.5kg (being crushed to 1mm) is added, obtaining mixed material, (C/N ratio is 120) 25, C/P ratio is；Into mixed material
105kg pure water is added, stirs evenly, self-control composite bacteria agent aqueous solution is then added and (is dissolved in 0.675kg self-control composite bacteria agent
105kg pure water) it stirs evenly, then 105kg pure water is added, it stirs evenly, making the water content of mixed material is about 60%, obtains heap
Fertile raw material.
(2) by the trapezoidal pile of mixed compost raw material heap growth 1.5m, width 1.5m, high 1.0m, it is thin that plastics are covered
Surrounding is compacted with brick after film, prevents rainwater from drenching and guaranteeing fermentation temperature, carries out aerobic decomposed processing, every turning one in 7 days
It is secondary, moisturizing is primary, rate of water make-up is to be subject to hold the water outlet of raw material webs but the solidifying state without dripping, after processing 5 weeks, fermentation material
Brown, no harmful and penetrating odor is presented that nature is loose, fibrous crumb structure of uniform size, and uses ultraviolet light
The content SUVA of water soluble organic substance in spectrum measurement fermentation material280=1.71Lmg-1·m-1, A226~400=2.24 × 10-7L·
mg-1, display, which is fermented, to be completed, and biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product are obtained.
(3) the biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product obtained after fermentation are crushed, booth is dry in the cool, until water content is
5.30%, obtained biological organic fertilizer.Through detecting, the index of product are as follows: the content of organic matter 87.3%, total nutrient (N+P2O5+
K2O) content is 8.51%, and it is (organic to meet NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer quality standard for moisture content 5.30%, pH value 7.75
Matter >=45%, total nutrient >=5%, moisture≤30%, pH value 5.5~8.5).
Embodiment 3: self-control biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer
(1) Shaxi Town poly- dragon in Zhongshan city's is taken to enclose the rice straw 150kg (being crushed to 5cm, moisture content 10%) of farm output,
Dry pig manure 58.5kg (being crushed to 5mm) is added, obtaining mixed material, (C/N ratio is 120) 25, C/P ratio is；Into mixed material
105kg pure water is added, stirs evenly, self-control composite bacteria agent aqueous solution is then added and (is dissolved in 0.675kg self-control composite bacteria agent
105kg pure water) it stirs evenly, then 105kg pure water is added, it stirs evenly, making the water content of mixed material is about 60%, obtains heap
Fertile raw material.
(2) by the trapezoidal pile of mixed compost raw material heap growth 2.0m, width 2.0m, high 1.5m, it is thin that plastics are covered
Surrounding is compacted with brick after film, prevents rainwater from drenching and guaranteeing fermentation temperature, carries out aerobic decomposed processing, every turning one in 5 days
It is secondary, moisturizing is primary, rate of water make-up is to be subject to hold the water outlet of raw material webs but the solidifying state without dripping, after processing 5 weeks, fermentation material
Brown, no harmful and penetrating odor is presented that nature is loose, fibrous crumb structure of uniform size, and uses ultraviolet light
The content SUVA of water soluble organic substance in spectrum measurement fermentation material280=1.71Lmg-1·m-1, A226~400=2.24 × 10-7L·
mg-1, display, which is fermented, to be completed, and biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product are obtained.
(3) the 150kg biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product obtained after fermentation are crushed, according to fertilizer formula, nitrogenous (N) amount is added
46% urea 50kg, phosphorous (P2O5) amount 12% calcium superphosphate the 50kg, (K containing potassium2O) the potassium chloride 50kg of amount 60%, stirring
It mixes, obtains mixed material, then booth is dry in the cool, until water content is 6.01%, particle is made subsequently into pelletizer,
It is sieved by screening machine, qualified products (1.00~4.75mm of release mesh or 3.35~5.60mm >=70%) are packed, no
Qualified return pelletizer is granulated, and biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is obtained.Through detecting, the index of product are as follows: organic matter contains
Amount is 27.3%, total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) content is 23.7%, and moisture content 6.01%, pH value 6.50 meets GB
18877-2009 compound organic and inorganic fertilizer quality standard (organic matter >=20%, total nutrient >=15%, moisture≤12%, pH value 5.5
~8.0).
Embodiment 4: the fertilizer efficiency evaluation of biological organic fertilizer
The self-control of embodiment 1,2 biological organic fertilizer A, B are used for field experiment respectively, further evaluate its fertilization effect.
Test site is that Shaxi Town poly- dragon in Zhongshan city's encloses farm.For the biological organic that examination manure type is in embodiment 1
The organic commercial fertilizer that biological organic fertilizer B, Shaxi Town white crane nozzle breeder farm, Zhongshan city in fertile A, embodiment 2 are provided.Test
8 processing, 3 repetitions of each processing are set altogether.Plant two season vegetables, the first season be boat the cauliflower heart, the second season be four seasons romaine lettuce,
Each plot area 15m2, completely random arrangement.According to local fertilization type and dosage, base manure is to change without fertilizer, conventional 15%
Fertilizer or different amounts organic fertilizer, top dressing are conventional 85% chemical fertilizer, specific chemical fertilizer, manure type and its amount of application such as table 1
It is shown.
1 chemical fertilizer of table, manure type and its amount of application
Apply the influence such as table of biological organic fertilizer and organic commercial fertilizer to first season cabbage heart, second season romaine lettuce yield and quality
Shown in 2.The first season cabbage heart harvest after survey produce the result shows that, with organic commercial fertilizer handle (RF6) compare, except the biology of equivalent has
Machine fertilizer B handles (RF3) yield of flowering Chinese cabbage is remarkably decreased (P < 0.05) outside, the biological organic fertilizer A of equivalent handles (RF2) and higher amount
Biological organic fertilizer B respectively handles (RF4And RF5) have no significant difference.In terms of cabbage heart quality, except organic commercial fertilizer handles (RF6) cabbage heart
Nitrate content is beyond leaf vegetables nitrate content standard (≤3000mgkg as defined in GB 19338-2003-1) outside, biology has
Each processing (RF of machine fertilizer2、RF3、RF4And RF5) it is less than limit value；(RF is handled with organic commercial fertilizer6) compare, the biology of equivalent
Organic fertilizer A handles (RF2) cabbage heart nitrate content reduces by 13.4%, the biological organic fertilizer B of equivalent and higher amount respectively handles (RF3、
RF4And RF5) range of decrease be 21.2%~39.7%；In the case of identical amount of application, biological organic fertilizer B is to reduction cabbage heart nitrate content
Effect it is best.
The second season romaine lettuce harvest after survey produce the result shows that, with organic commercial fertilizer handle (RF6) compare, the biology of equivalent has
Machine fertilizer A handles (RF2) and biological organic fertilizer B processing (RF3) romaine lettuce yield increases separately 12.1% and 14.2%.Lettuce quality side
Face handles (RF with organic commercial fertilizer6) compare, biological organic fertilizer respectively handles (RF2、RF3、RF4And RF5) Nitrate Content in Lettuce is equal
Without significant difference.
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to cabbage heart and romaine lettuce yield and quality
Note: same index difference lowercase indicates different disposal significant difference (P < 0.05)
In conclusion biological organic fertilizer can be improved victual and quality, and wherein biology has compared with organic commercial fertilizer
Machine fertilizer B can not only reduce first season cabbage heart nitrate content to the maximum extent, moreover it is possible to improve second season romaine lettuce to the maximum extent and produce
Amount has apparent aftereffect, can achieve the effect that lasting volume increase.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair
Limitation of the invention, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the scope defined by the claims..For the art
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these change
It also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention into retouching.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of production method for being prepared biological organic fertilizer or biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer using agricultural wastes, feature are existed
In, comprising the following steps:
(1) agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry are crushed respectively, mix, obtain mixed material, be added mixed material quality 0~
1.0% decomposition microbial agent, and water content is adjusted to 50%~70%, it stirs evenly, obtains composting material, the crops straw
Stalk, feces of livestock and poultry mixed proportion be than, C/P according to C/N than determining, the C/N ratio is 20~25, the C/P ratio
It is 80~400；
(2) composting material is piled into a pile, carries out aerobic decomposed processing, biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product is obtained after the completion of decomposed；
(3) biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product are crushed, booth is dry in the cool, until water content is 4%~6%, obtains biological organic
Fertilizer；
Or nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are added in biological organic fertilizer semi-finished product, it stirs evenly, makes its content of organic matter quality
Score 20%~80%, N+P2O5+K2O total nutrient be mass fraction 15%~30%, moisture content be mass fraction 4%~
10%, pH value is 6~8, after being granulated, sieving qualification, and packaging obtains biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
2. production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the decomposition microbial agent in the step (1) is with water one
It rises and adds in mixed material, i.e., institute's water requirement 1/3 is first added, stirs evenly, is added, stirs after decomposition microbial agent is blent with 1/3 water
Remaining water is added after mixing uniformly, stirs evenly, makes the water content 50%~70% of mixed material.
3. production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the crushing in the step (1) is by crops straw
Stalk is crushed to 1~5cm, feces of livestock and poultry is crushed to 1~5mm.
4. production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2) during aerobic decomposed processing, often
Turning in 5~7 days is primary, moisturizing is primary, and the pile is the trapezoidal pile of 1.5~2.0m of length and width, high 1.0~1.5m.
5. production method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the rate of water make-up is that moisturizing is extremely referred to holding raw material
Subject to seam water outlet but the solidifying state without dripping.
6. production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and the phosphate fertilizer was
Calcium phosphate, the potash fertilizer are potassium chloride.
7. production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the granularity requirements of the screening be granularity 1.00~
4.75mm or 3.35~5.60mm >=70%.
8. production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the physics of the decomposed completion, judgement determines
Standard are as follows: appearance is brown, no harmful and penetrating odor, is presented that nature is loose, fibrous crumb structure of uniform size；Change
Learn criterion are as follows: SUVA280≥1.28L·mg-1·m-1, A226~400≥1.70×10-7L·mg-1。
9. production method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the decomposition microbial agent is stalk rotting agent.
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Application publication date: 20190806 |