CN102190520A - High-efficiency biological organic fertilizer and method for preparing special strain - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency biological organic fertilizer and a method for preparing a special strain. The fertilizer is prepared by performing mixed fermentation on multiple kinds of straw powder, humic acid and various microbial bacteria, and can improve crop yield by 8 to 31 percent under the same condition. The operating process is simple and convenient, raw material sources are wide, and the preparation cost is low.

Description

A kind of efficient biologic-organic fertilizer and special bacteria preparation

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of efficient biologic-organic fertilizer goods in the bio-fertilizer technical field, it is the organic mixing that utilizes various plant straw powders, humic acid, inorganic nutrients, decompose, transform through multiple microbial bacteria, can satisfy the various farm crop required multiple nutrients of growth fast, to improve the organic fertilizer product of crop yield, quality.

Background technology

Along with chemical fertilizer is used scene there to be more than 40 year in the popularization of China, use chemical fertilizer just to become the important measures of agricultural production and income, the consumption of chemical fertilizer in quick growth, we can say that also chemical fertilizer is that 1,300,000,000 Chinese have solved problem of food and clothing.Yet As time goes on, careful peasant has found that since using chemical fertilizer, the disease and pest in crops is more and more, and the effect of chemical fertilizer is also in continuous reduction, effect of increasing production also be come more to rise little.In the past, the per kilogram chemical fertilizer can produce more food tens kilograms, and now multipotency increases production three or five kilograms.Various grains, the melon and fruit dish has not had original local flavor, and melon is unlike melon, really unlike fruit, before taste is much worse than.Even the soil that everybody depends on for existence also changes taking place stealthily, the hardening of long-term application chemical fertilizer, land deterioration, desertification are serious, even many soils and booth arranged, soil salinization is to the stage that is difficult to continue again cultivate, in the excessive area of some fertilizer amounts, even also being polluted in various degree all of underground water, the nitrate content severe overweight, even have influence on the healthy of people.Domestic in recent years many bio-fertilizers, composite bio-fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer of having occurred, these bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizer use contrast, no matter from volume increase, conserve water and soil, each side such as loose soil are better than chemical fertilizer, and do not have problem of environmental pollution.All use microorganism fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer advocating energetically both at home and abroad at present, on the planting base of green food base and Organic food, all must use no chemical fertilizer and add the fertilizer that fills agent, it is slow that but the main drawback that some fertilizer exists is effect, the low nutrition supply that is difficult to satisfy the quick growth of each kind of plant of fertility, aspect the fertilizer that uses fermenting crops straws, many reports are also arranged both at home and abroad, but often all be that bacterial classification is single, a little less than the bacterium power, can't satisfy the demand of multiple kinds of crops to each nutritive ingredient, though also there are some biological organic fertilizers to utilize being mixed of several microbial bacterias, owing to reckon without mutual chemical antagonistic action and the few factor of bacterial classification strain amount between various bacterial classifications, under the relatively poor situation of the various edaphic conditions in various places, its effect is also unsatisfactory.In order to solve this substantial problem, the present invention be intended to by with the deficiency that changes original technology, provide a kind of can fertilizing soil, prevent the pollution of the environment, can satisfy the required and polyauxotrophic follow-up of growth fast of various farm crop again, improve the efficient biologic-organic fertilizer of crop yield and quality.

Along with people's living standard progressively improve and to the growing interest of health, people also have higher requirement to food safety.Safety food must be based on the production means of safety, and bio-feritlizer is the basis of green agriculture plantation.At present, environmental problem is a worldwide problem, and people use chemical fertilizer year after year, causes crops quality to reduce environmental phenomenon such as soil compaction, water pollution, lake eutrophication.Therefore, the various crises that traditional chemical fertilizer causes have made people's heightened awareness to must the new environment-friendly type fertilizer of exploitation, and development green agriculture, Organic farming, the ecological agriculture are very urgent.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide the preparation of a kind of efficient biologic-organic fertilizer and special bacteria, the key of preparation fertilizer is the preparation of many bacterial classifications and the combination of material, the quality of preparation can directly influence efficient biologic-organic fertilizer total quality level, below just do one and specify preparing the selection of bacterial classification, material and manufacture technology among the present invention:

1, the selection of organic materials and microbial bacteria: various agricultural crop straw powder, weeds powder, chicken manure, rabbit excrement, various people's fowl and animal excrements such as sheep, ox, horsehit.In China, produce various agricultural crop straws every year approximately and reach 700,000,000 tons, first of the row world, contain great number of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element in the agricultural crop straw, the tool determination and analysis, contain in per hundred kilograms of stalks nitrogen 0.49kg, phosphorus 0.38kg, potassium 1.68kg,, be equivalent to 2.4kg nitrogenous fertilizer, 3.8kg phosphate fertilizer, 3.4kg potash fertilizer.Cellulose-decomposing bacterium is mixed by a certain percentage with straw powder and fowl and animal excrement, utilize the decomposition and inversion effect of microbial bacteria, through a series of biological processes such as fermenting, decompose, be synthetic, the organism of macromolecular chain can be converted into micromolecular glucose, amino acid, lipid acid, mycelia polysaccharide etc., and finally be converted into CO ₂, NH ₃, H ₂O and inorganic salts.

Decomposition of cellulose bacterium class representative and bacterial classification substantial effect at present has: fiber decomposes genus bacillus, paddy rice genus bacillus, trichosporon bacterium, waxy Bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium; These several bacteriums are effective decomposition bacterial classifications of each kind of plant straw robust fibre and xylogen, mutually utilization, complementary symbiosis, antagonism not mutually.For the pathogenic bacteria in quick composting, the inhibition soil, the good microbial inoculum that all belongs to broad spectrum on adding enzymatic microorganism, 301 bacterium, fast rotten bacterium, milk-acid bacteria, these four kinds of bacteriums, can improve the physico-chemical property of soil, suppress the pathogenic bacteria in the soil, contain the bacterial manure of forming by fixed nitrogen, organic and inorganic phosphorus bacteria and potassium bacterium, can be fast rotten, can increase fertilizer efficiency again.Also to add brown sugar simultaneously, amino acid composite powder, rice bran water cooking liquid and VITAMIN.Wherein to be that various bacterial classifications are required can not lack and the living matter source for 5 kilograms of rice bran water cooking liquid brown sugar and amino acid composite powder, and the purpose that adds people's fowl and animal excrement is for adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the straw powder, adding VB simultaneously ₁, VC provide mycelial growth to VITAMIN replenish and anti-histocyte is oxidized to purpose.

2, the preparation of humic acid powder and bacterial classification are selected: humic acid is a kind of natural organic matter, it is vegeto-animal remains such as period in time immemorial forest, grassland, marsh etc. before 1 years, variation and microbiological degradation through the earth's crust, and a series of conversion and the type organic matter that accumulates, it is present in brown coal, weathered coal, the peat in a large number, also cries in coal gangue, the bastard coal mud.Humic acid is mainly elementary composition by carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur etc., and wherein, the ratio maximum that carbon is shared is about 59%, and oxygen element accounts for about 40%, protium about 4%, nitrogen element about 3%.Except elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, also has a lot of functional groups in the humic acid, as aromatic proton, hydroxyl, carboxyl, methoxyl group.Functional group can be used as the ionic group that compound participates in reaction, can produce chemical reaction with other element in the soil, can improve utilization ratio to nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogen in the humic acid in functional group and the soil produces chemical reaction, form very stable new ionic group, also be complex compound, these complex compounds retention time in soil is long, progressively decompose the liberating nitrogen element, allow plant absorb at leisure.

After quick-acting phosphate fertilizer applied the field, most of phosphoric can be fixed by the metal ion in the soil, made rapid available phosphorus change into slow effect phosphorus and invalid phosphorus.And energy of the acidic functionality in the humic acid and phosphoric reaction make it become titanium pigment, have also strengthened the activity of phosphoric simultaneously.These functional groups can also absorb potassium ion, can prevent that potassium ion from losing with current in soil, can prevent the cohesive soil potassium fixation again, can interact with calcium ion again and form the gelinite of flocks, it can be the soil gluing together, soil particle is become protect fertile little reservoir one by one, increased interstices of soil, thus the ability that has improved soil water-retaining, protected fertilizer.

Humic acid has been sunk into sleep 1 years underground, need add special-purpose and microorganism activator, activates the functional group of dormancy, decomposes and the conversion mineral element.The effective microbe bacterium that can address this problem at present is: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, colloid bacillus cereus, saccharomyces oleaginosus bacterium, waxy Bacillus, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacterium, thiobacillus.At first humic acid is pulverized, the extremely vertical strong magnetic ray of the one 2 ten thousand Gauss NS that flow through magnetizes processing, and purpose is that macromolecular mass chopping in the material is become the small molecules granule, help liquid spawn and dry material moistening after, expansion, cracking.Mix the back pit entry fermentation handles with many bacterial classifications, when many bacterial classifications under the support of suitable humiture and nutritive substance, cellular material constantly rises in value, produce a large amount of enzyme and polysaccharide material, by the cohesive action of self, make mineral grain and bacterial components knot together, formed bacterium---the mineral complex body, when the corrosion of bacterium and mineral surface prolongation along with the time, cellular material is just from all-pervasive feature, extend to the gap of mineral grain and deep layer, finally cause various mineral elements in the mineral powder to decompose and activate the functional group in the humic acid and discharge.

3, inorganic nutrients is: sal epsom, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium primary phosphate, nitrate nitrogen, VB ₁, VC.It is required in specific liquid medium growth in order to ensure various bacteria injecting inorganic nutrients, also is the essential and inorganic nutrients of formation of many mycetocytes genetic material DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

4, the selection of many bacterial classifications, mutually symbiosis, coexistence after measured can effectively be decomposed and the release of various nutritive substances various mineral substance, cellulosic, supplies with the plant absorbing utilization.A kind of efficient biologic-organic fertilizer of the present invention and special bacteria preparation and final product, embody with irregular powdery, this fertilizer is fit to various farm crop and uses the best as base fertilizer, appending fertilizer as interlude uses and also can, but must water by earth backing, being applicable to using of wheat, paddy rice, corn, high grain, soybean and various coarse cereals crop and fruit tree and various vegetables, also is green food, the basic source of manure of Organic food.Through using and the chemical fertilizer contrast in the soil field of various places difference differences more than 2 years, effect of increasing production is fairly obvious, and mu is used only 30 yuan of expenses.Therefore; comprehensive organic utilization of various agricultural crop straws and tailing waste thing; a large amount of limited resources have not only been saved; advocated environment protection simultaneously; pollution-free; not only improved the utilization ratio of fertilizer, and be the green agriculture of 21st century, the healthy Sustainable development of Organic farming is laid a good foundation.

Embodiment

A kind of efficient biologic-organic fertilizer and special bacteria preparation, its method is:

1, straw powder fermented liquid: the magnetized water 800kg of sterilization is put into fermentor tank, add brown sugar 6kg, glucose 2.5kg, amino acid composite powder 3kg, poach filtered liquid 10kg, the sal epsom 20g of 5kg rice bran, ferrous sulfate 20g, potassium primary phosphate 30g, nitrate nitrogen 30g, VB ₁150, after VC150 sheet, the stirring and dissolving, inject fiber and decompose genus bacillus 3.6kg, paddy rice genus bacillus 3.6kg, trichosporon bacterium 4kg, waxy Bacillus 3kg, photosynthetic bacterium 3kg, 301 bacterium 3kg, fast rotten bacterium 4kg, after stirring, 36 ℃ of regulator solution temperature, left standstill 24 hours, fully oxygen supply, uninterrupted stirring fermentation culture 8-10 days, ends when treating to cover with mycelia in the liquid then, put into the plastic tank inner sealing of a sterilization, as the fermented liquid that in organic dry material, sprays;

2, enzymatic microorganism nutrient solution: the magnetized water of 200kg sterilization is put into the plastic tank of a sterilization, add brown sugar 5kg, amino acid composite powder 1kg, enzymatic microorganism 3kg, milk-acid bacteria 1kg, after mixing stirring and dissolving, seal cultivation, stir every day 1 time, each 10 minutes, cultivated 7 days, as the nutrient solution that in organic dry material, sprays;

3, humic acid nutrient solution: the aqua sterilisa of 1100kg is put into fermentor tank, add brown sugar 5kg, glucose 3kg, amino acid composite powder 3kg, sal epsom 60g, ferrous sulfate 60g, potassium primary phosphate 60g, nitrate nitrogen 100g, VB ₁Behind 200, stirring and dissolving, inject bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 4kg, colloid bacillus cereus 4kg, saccharomyces oleaginosus bacterium 2kg, waxy Bacillus 4kg, phosphorus bacteria 3.5kg, potassium bacterium 3.5kg, thiobacillus 4kg, fully stir and make it all after the dissolving, left standstill 24 hours, carry out abundant oxygen supply and uninterrupted the stirring then, the liquid temperature transfers to 36 ℃, cultivates 10-11 days, as the nutrient solution that sprays in humic acid acid mineral powder;

4, organic materials: the various plant stalk powder 1800kg of 80 orders, 80 order chicken manure 200kg;

5, humic acid mineral powder: 80 order humic mineral powder 2000kg;

6, inoculation fermentation: get straw powder fermented liquid 750kg, after enzymatic microorganism nutrient solution 150kg mixes, be sprayed in the organic materials, mix while spraying, after turning evenly, on the cement flooring, be piled into trapezoidal rectangle, high 1.4 meters accumulation buttress respectively, cover fermentation completely with black plastic cloth respectively, progressively rising along with the fermentation heap temperature, material moisture content and reduction of oxygen, respectively turn 1 time during to the 4th day, simultaneously the straw powder fermented liquid of 50kg, the enzymatic microorganism nutrient solution of 50kg are mixed with the sterilized water of 200kg, be sprayed in the organic materials; The humic acid nutrient solution of 100kg is mixed with the aqua sterilisa of 300kg, is sprayed in the humic acid mineral powder, turn evenly respectively after, pile up Secondary Fermentation, be inoculated into knot speed certainly and be 7-8 days, wait to pile and can stop fermentation when temperature progressively falls back to 40 ℃;

7, aftertreatment is merged mixing with two fermentation materials, and flat being dispersed on the cement flooring, workshop emits bad smell, and natural ventilation is dried, and water content sieves removal of contamination 10% when following;

8, packing: with the metering of every bag of 20kg, in the plastics bag of packing into, overcoat one Polywoven Bag seals, beats sign indicating number, promptly becomes the efficient biologic-organic fertilizer finished product.

Claims (1)

1. efficient biologic-organic fertilizer and special bacteria preparation is characterized by:

1, brown sugar 6kg, glucose 2.5kg, amino acid composite powder 3kg, poach filtered liquid 10kg, the sal epsom 20g of 5kg rice bran, ferrous sulfate 20g, potassium primary phosphate 30g, nitrate nitrogen 30g, VB ₁150, VC150 sheet, fiber decomposes genus bacillus 3.6kg, paddy rice genus bacillus 3.6kg, trichosporon bacterium 4kg, waxy Bacillus 3kg, photosynthetic bacterium 3kg, 301 bacterium 3kg, fast rotten bacterium 4kg;

2, brown sugar 5kg, amino acid composite powder 1kg, enzymatic microorganism 3kg, milk-acid bacteria 1kg;

3, brown sugar 5kg, glucose 3kg, amino acid composite powder 3kg, sal epsom 60g, ferrous sulfate 60g, ferrous sulfate 60g, nitrate nitrogen 100g, VB ₁200, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 4kg, colloid bacillus cereus 4kg, saccharomyces oleaginosus bacterium 2kg, waxy Bacillus 4kg, phosphorus bacteria 3.5kg, potassium bacterium 3.5kg, thiobacillus 4kg;

4, the various plant straw powder 1800kg of 80 orders, 80 order chicken manure 200kg;

5,80 order humic acid mineral powder 2000kg;

6, with the metering of every bag of 20kg, in the plastics bag of packing into, overcoat one Polywoven Bag seals, beats sign indicating number.