CN101759477B - Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes and method for preparing same - Google Patents
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes and method for preparing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101759477B CN101759477B CN2009102292111A CN200910229211A CN101759477B CN 101759477 B CN101759477 B CN 101759477B CN 2009102292111 A CN2009102292111 A CN 2009102292111A CN 200910229211 A CN200910229211 A CN 200910229211A CN 101759477 B CN101759477 B CN 101759477B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes and a method for preparing the same. The compound fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in part by weight: 50 to 60 parts of fermentation organic fertilizer, 14 to 18 parts of urea, 5 to 10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 15 to 20 parts of potassium potassium sulfate, 2 to 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 to1.0 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2 to 0.5 part of boric acid, wherein the fermentation organic fertilizer is obtained by pilling 60 to 70 parts of edible fungi dreg, 15 to 20 parts of cake and 10 to 15 parts of microorganism fermentation microbial agent for fermentation and then drying the product of the fermentation until the water content is 25 to 35 percent. The compound fertilizer has the advantages of reasonable nutrient ratios and high grape quality and can improve the soil fertility by adopting the organic-inorganic combination.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite organic-inorganic fertilizer that utilizes edible fungi residues and inorganic fertilizer production and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes belongs to the fertilizer production technology field.
Background technology
Along with the continuous adjustment of China's crop mix, the planting edible mushroom area increases year by year.Edible fungi residue has become to produce the reluctant organic waste in vast rural area of edible mushrooms.Although can be used as an animal-feed digestion part, present this processing mode can not tackle the problem at its root far away.Headland, the edible fungi residue that is seen everywhere behind the house before the room, the problem of environmental pollution that is produced is serious day by day.The main component of edible fungi residue is the plant residue of bacterium mycelia after utilizing that be eaten, and mainly contains cotton seed hulls, corn cob, various crop materials etc.The residual a large amount of hypha of edible fungus of edible fungi residue, they are not only nutritious, also have the various plants growth regulatory substance, are good organic manure resources.But edible fungi residue can not directly be made incorporation of fertilizerin the soil.On the one hand, edible fungi residue contains a large amount of Mierocrystalline celluloses, xylogen and mycelian protein, and these materials must decompose the effect of competence exertion fertilizer through thermophilic fermentation.On the other hand, organism is easy to generate heat in decomposition course, if edible fungi residue is directly used, takes place most probably to burn and plants or burning seedling phenomenon.
Both require output for grape production, but more should note quality.The rational application of fertilizer is the important factor of regulating yield and quality.Fertilizer nutrition is complete, and nutrient supply is steady, has the effect that improves quality, but because the fertilizer nutrient content is low, and only application of organic fertilizers yields poorly, deficiency in economic performance, the therefore fertilizing method that must take organic and inorganic fertilizer to combine.The report that organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes and preparation method thereof is not arranged at present as yet.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes and preparation method thereof, add the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer that inorganic fertilizer production nutrient contg and grape nutrient demand match after utilizing edible fungi residue, grouts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, microbial fermentation bacteria fermentation to become thoroughly decomposed again, and carried out field experiment, obtained good effect.
The present invention also provides the application technique of this composite fertilizer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes, raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
50～60 parts of fermentation fertilizers
14～18 parts in urea
5～10 parts of diammonium phosphate
15～20 parts of vitriolate of tartar
2～4 parts in sal epsom
0.5～1.0 part in zinc sulfate
0.2～0.5 part of boric acid
Described fermentation fertilizer is with 60～70 parts of edible fungi residues, 15～20 parts of grouts, 10～15 parts of heap fermentations of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum, dries in the air to moisture content 25%～35% to make.Wherein,
Above-mentioned edible fungi residues is a depleted cultivation material in the Edible Fungi, and main component is cotton seed hulls, crop straw, sawdust, edible fungus mycelium etc., its moisture content 55～65%wt, organic content 50～60%wt.
Above-mentioned microbial fermentation microbial inoculum prepares by the following method, and wherein the consumption of each component is weight part:
10～20 parts of horsehits, 75～85 parts of edible fungi residues, 1.0～2.0 parts in ammonium nitrate, 1.5～2 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 1.5～2.0 parts in sal epsom, mixing, the adjusting moisture content is 60%～65wt%, pH value 7～7.5, plastic covering film, fermentation reactor system, treat that the stockpile temperature rises to 50 ℃ of timing, kept turning 5～7 days, fermented again 5～7 days, and got the solid microbe fermenting agent.
Vitriolate of tartar of the present invention, sal epsom, zinc sulfate, boric acid, technical grade, commercially available prod.
Urea of the present invention, diammonium phosphate are conventional commercially available prod.
Preferably, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
56～58 parts of fermentation fertilizers
15～17 parts in urea
5～7 parts of diammonium phosphate
16～18 parts of vitriolate of tartar
2.5～3.5 parts in sal epsom
0.7～0.9 part in zinc sulfate
0.2～0.3 part of boric acid.
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes preparation method of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) preparation of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum:
10～20 parts of horsehits, 75～85 parts of edible fungi residues, 1.0～2.0 parts in ammonium nitrate, 1.5～2 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 1.5～2.0 parts in sal epsom, mixing, the adjusting moisture content is 60～65wt%, pH value 7～7.5, plastic covering film, fermentation reactor system, treat that the stockpile temperature rises to 50 ℃ of timing, kept 5～7 days, turning was fermented 5～7 days again.Get the solid microbe fermenting agent.
(2) preparation of fermentation fertilizer
In mass parts, that 60～70 parts of edible fungi residues, 15～20 parts of grouts, 10～15 parts of thorough mixing of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is even.The moisture of adjusting compound is 55%～65%, and C/N is 23～28 mass ratioes, pH7～7.5.
Above-mentioned compound is piled high 1.5～1.8 meters trapezoidal heap, and length is not limit, and down punches from the top, and 10～15 of every square metre of hole counts cover plastics film, carry out aerobic fermentation.Wait to pile temperature rise to 50 and ℃ pick up counting, fermented 5～7 days.Carry out turning when the stockpile temperature begins to descend, fermented 5～7 days again, turning in later per 5～7 days was once fermented 45～55 days altogether, and fermenting process is finished.The fertilizer moisture content baking that ferments above-mentioned or dry in the air to 25～35%wt, standby.
Described grouts are selected from soya-bean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake or rape cake.The powder particle diameter of grouts≤20 orders, the commercially available prod.
Preferably, the moisture of step (2) compound is 58～60%wt, and C/N is 25～26 mass ratioes, pH7.2～7.4.
Preferably, 3～5 centimetres in the aperture of stockpile punching, the degree of depth in hole is to the bottom of heap.
Described turning is preferably ploughed under inside with the material on stockpile surface, and originally Nei Bu material is translated into the outside.
(3) preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes
Get the fermentation fertilizer that step (2) makes, pulverized 80 purpose urea, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, sal epsom, zinc sulfate, boric acid.All raw materials are mixed in proportion, be transferred in disk or the rotary drum granulator, by the prior art granulation, oven dry, screening get product.
The application process of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes of the present invention, grape is gathered and is afterwards opened 15～30 centimetres of dark ditches from plant 30～50 centimeters direct motions in the fall, apply fertilizer after earthing pour water.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. the nutrient reasonable ratio improves grape quality
Different nutritive substances is grown grape growth and is had different effects.Nitrogenous fertilizer promotes to nourish and grow, and phosphate fertilizer makes well developed root system, bears fruit in advance, and potash fertilizer then comes disease resistance enhancemen and improves grape quality by regulating tenuigenin concentration.Nitrogen is excessive to make plant prosperous excessively easily, is easy to take place disease, and grape quality reduces.Rationally regulation and control nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition can make the plant strain growth stalwartness, and disease resistance enhancemen improves grape quality.The special-purpose fertilizer of the present invention is the growth needs design according to grape, can satisfy the special requirement of grape to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements.
2. turn waste into wealth
Along with the continuous expansion of China's edible fungus culturing area, edible fungi residue has become a kind of organic waste of threatening environment.Every intermittent drizzles in the rainy season seasons, edible fungi residue is stacked the ground fly and is flown all over the sky, and mould is everywhere.Utilizing edible fungi residue to produce organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes can turn waste into wealth, and has both solved problem of environmental pollution, has increased organic fertilizer resource again.
3. effect of increasing production is good
Grape special fertilizer of the present invention adopts organic-inorganic to combine, abundant organotrophy and trace element had both been contained, nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of main inorganic fertilizers of potassium have been added again, avoided the defective of the low and inorganic fertilizer hypotrophy of simple fertilizer nutrient content, can significantly improve vintage, stimulation ratio is 10%～20%.
4. organic and inorganic combination is increase soil fertility
The sign of fertile soil is not only the nutrient content height, also is embodied in the ability of reconciling water, gas, heat.Special-purpose fertile contain simultaneously required various nutritive elements of cotton and high-quality organism that the present invention produced, be manured into soil and both can improve nutrient, also can promote the formation of soil aggregate, strengthen the ability of soil water-retaining, guarantor's fertilizer and conciliation water, gas, heat, increase soil fertility.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.Raw material condition is described as follows:
The cultivation waste material of the edible fungi residue that uses among the embodiment after as cultivating white mushroom, its water content 59%wt, organic 52%wt, full nitrogen 1.96%wt, full phosphorus 0.87%wt, full potassium 2.21%wt, pH value 7.62.The grouts that use among the embodiment are dregs of beans, and full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content are respectively 2.00%wt, 0.56%wt and 0.06%wt, organic 65%wt.The horsehit that uses among the embodiment is the following dried horsehit of water content 10%wt.Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts, and per-cent is mass percent.
Embodiment 1:
(1) preparation of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum:
10 parts of horsehits, 85 parts of edible fungi residues, 2.0 parts in ammonium nitrate, 1.5 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 1.5 parts in sal epsom, mixing, the adjusting moisture content is 60%wt%, pH value 7.2, plastic covering film, fermentation reactor system, treat that the stockpile temperature rises to 50 ℃ of timing, kept 7 days that turning was fermented 5 days again.Get the solid microbe fermenting agent.
(2) preparation of fermentation fertilizer:
70 parts of edible fungi residues, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 10 parts of thorough mixing of solid microbe fermenting agent are even.The moisture of adjusting compound is 62%, and C/N is 27 mass ratioes, pH7.1.Above-mentioned compound is piled high 1.5 meters trapezoidal heap, down punch from the top, 10 of every square metre of hole counts cover plastics film, carry out aerobic fermentation.Wait to pile temperature rise to 50 and ℃ pick up counting, fermented 7 days.Carry out turning when the stockpile temperature begins to descend, fermented 7 days again, turning in later per 7 days was once fermented 49 days altogether.The above-mentioned fertilizer moisture content that ferments is dried in the air to 25%, standby.
(3) preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes
Get 50 parts of fermentation fertilizers, pulverized 18 parts in 80 purpose urea, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 18 parts of vitriolate of tartar; 3 parts in sal epsom, 0.7 part in zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of boric acid mixes all raw materials; be transferred in the granulating disc, by the prior art granulation, oven dry, screening get product.
Embodiment 2:
(1) preparation of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum:
20 parts of horsehits, 75 parts of edible fungi residues, 1.0 parts in ammonium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 2 parts in sal epsom, mixing, the adjusting moisture content is 65%wt%, pH value 7.5, plastic covering film, fermentation reactor system, treat that the stockpile temperature rises to 50 ℃ of timing, kept 5 days that turning was fermented 7 days again.Get the solid microbe fermenting agent.
(2) preparation of fermentation fertilizer:
60 parts of edible fungi residues, 15 parts of dregs of beans, 15 parts of thorough mixing of solid microbe fermenting agent are even.The moisture of adjusting compound is 58%, and C/N is 25, pH7.5.
Above-mentioned compound is piled high 1.8 meters trapezoidal heap, down punch from the top, 15 of every square metre of hole counts cover plastics film, carry out aerobic fermentation.Wait to pile temperature rise to 50 and ℃ pick up counting, fermented 5 days.Carry out turning when the stockpile temperature begins to descend, fermented 5 days again, turning in later per 5 days was once fermented 55 days altogether.The above-mentioned fertilizer moisture content that ferments is dried in the air to 35%, standby.
(3) get 60 parts of fermentation fertilizers, pulverized 15 parts in 80 purpose urea, 7 parts of diammonium phosphate, 15 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 2 parts in sal epsom, 0.5 part in zinc sulfate, 0.5 part of boric acid mixes, moves in the granulating disc, granulation, oven dry, screening get product.
Embodiment 3:
The microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is identical with embodiment 1 with the preparation of fermentation fertilizer, and difference is that the composition of raw materials of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is: 53 parts of fermentation fertilizers, pulverized 14 parts in 80 purpose urea, 8 parts of diammonium phosphate, 20 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 4 parts in sal epsom, 0.6 part in zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of boric acid.
Embodiment 4:
The microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is identical with embodiment 2 with the preparation of fermentation fertilizer, and difference is that the composition of raw materials of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is: 57 parts of fermentation fertilizers, pulverized 16 parts in 80 purpose urea, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 17 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 3 parts in sal epsom, 0.8 part in zinc sulfate, 0.2 part of boric acid.
Comparative Examples 1: press the fermentation fertilizer of the method preparation of embodiment 1, do not add inorganic fertilizer.
Comparative Examples 2: common composite fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient content 45%wt).
The effect of above embodiment 1～4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 is as follows:
For the examination grape variety is that American Red is carried, and soil is brown earth.The application of Comparative Examples and embodiment is to calculate fertilizer amount according to identical input fertilizer cost.3000 kilograms of Comparative Examples 1 fertilizer per hectare consumptions, 1000 kilograms of Comparative Examples 2 common composite fertilizer per hectare consumptions, 2000 kilograms of embodiment 1-4 per hectare consumptions.All fertilizer fertilizing methods are identical, and grape is gathered and afterwards opened 15～30 centimetres of dark ditches from plant 30～50 centimeters direct motions in the fall, apply fertilizer after earthing pour water.
Annotate: saccharinity determining adopts the mensuration of anthrone colorimetry, vitamin contents to adopt the 2,6 dichlorophenol indophenol volumetry.
Claims (6)
1. organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes is characterized in that raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
50～60 parts of fermentation fertilizers
14～18 parts in urea
5～10 parts of diammonium phosphate
15～20 parts of vitriolate of tartar
2～4 parts in sal epsom
0.5～1.0 part in zinc sulfate
0.2～0.5 part of boric acid
Described fermentation fertilizer is with 60～70 parts of edible fungi residues, 15～20 parts of grouts, 10～15 parts of heap fermentations of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum, dries in the air to moisture content 25%～35% to make; Described microbial fermentation microbial inoculum prepares by the following method, and wherein the consumption of each component is weight part:
10～20 parts of horsehits, 75～85 parts of edible fungi residues, 1.0～2.0 parts in ammonium nitrate, 1.5～2 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 1.5～2.0 parts in sal epsom, mixing, the adjusting moisture content is 60%～65wt%, pH value 7～7.5, plastic covering film, fermentation reactor system, treat that the stockpile temperature rises to 50 ℃ of timing, kept turning 5～7 days, fermented again 5～7 days, and got the solid microbe fermenting agent.
2. organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
56～58 parts of fermentation fertilizers
15～17 parts in urea
5～7 parts of diammonium phosphate
16～18 parts of vitriolate of tartar
2.5～3.5 parts in sal epsom
0.7～0.9 part in zinc sulfate
0.2～0.3 part of boric acid.
3. the preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes as claimed in claim 1 or 2, step is as follows:
(1) preparation of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum
10～20 parts of horsehits, 75～85 parts of edible fungi residues, 1.0～2.0 parts in ammonium nitrate, 1.5～2 parts of potassium primary phosphates, 1.5～2.0 parts in sal epsom, mixing, the adjusting moisture content is 60～65wt%, pH value 7～7.5, plastic covering film, fermentation reactor system, treat that the stockpile temperature rises to 50 ℃ of timing, kept turning 5～7 days, fermented again 5～7 days, and got the solid microbe fermenting agent;
(2) preparation of fermentation fertilizer
In mass parts, 60～70 parts of edible fungi residues, 15～20 parts of grouts, 10～15 parts of thorough mixing of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is even, and the moisture of adjusting compound is 55%～65%, and C/N is 23～28 mass ratioes, pH7～7.5;
Above-mentioned compound is piled high 1.5～1.8 meters trapezoidal heap, down punch from the top, 10～15 of every square metre of hole counts cover plastics film, carry out aerobic fermentation; Wait to pile temperature rise to 50 and ℃ pick up counting, fermented 5～7 days; Carry out turning when the stockpile temperature begins to descend, fermented 5～7 days again, turning in later per 5～7 days was once fermented 45～55 days altogether, and fermenting process is finished; The fertilizer moisture content baking that ferments above-mentioned or dry in the air to 25～35%wt, standby;
(3) preparation of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes
Get the fermentation fertilizer that step (2) makes, pulverized 80 purpose urea, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar; sal epsom, zinc sulfate, boric acid mixes in proportion all raw materials; be transferred in disk or the rotary drum granulator, by the prior art granulation, oven dry, screening get product.
4. the preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described grouts are selected from soya-bean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake or rape cake, the powder particle diameter of grouts≤20 orders.
5. the preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the moisture of described step (2) compound is 58～60%wt, and C/N is 25～26 mass ratioes, pH7.2～7.4.
6. the preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that 3～5 centimetres in the aperture of described stockpile punching, and the degree of depth in hole is to the bottom of heap.
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| CN101759477A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
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