CN105439659A - Application of charcoal in reducing discharge of TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) in livestock manure and straw compost - Google Patents
Application of charcoal in reducing discharge of TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) in livestock manure and straw compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN105439659A CN105439659A CN201511005722.7A CN201511005722A CN105439659A CN 105439659 A CN105439659 A CN 105439659A CN 201511005722 A CN201511005722 A CN 201511005722A CN 105439659 A CN105439659 A CN 105439659A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of compost. The preparation method of compost comprises the following steps: adding charcoal into a mixture of livestock manure and straw to obtain a compost material; and performing aerobic fermentation of the compost material to obtain the compost. The invention provides a new method for removing volatile gases generated in an organism composting process. The method is easy to operate, requires low investment cost and has a high application value; and by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, the TVOCs discharged in a composting process can be effectively reduced, and the air environmental pollution is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of charcoal and reduce discharging the application in the VOCs produced in feces of livestock and poultry and straw compost.
Background technology
Volatile organic matter (VOCs) to refer under normal temperature that saturated vapor pressure is greater than the organic compound of boiling point below 260 DEG C under 70Pa, normal pressure, or under 20 DEG C of conditions, vapour pressure is greater than or equal to 10Pa and has corresponding volatile whole organic compound, enumerates alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, ester class, aldehydes, ketone etc.What identified at present has kind more than 300, common are benzene,toluene,xylene, vinylbenzene, trieline, trichloromethane, trichloroethane, vulcabond (TDI), two isocyanide toluene esters etc., live in the environment containing VOCs for a long time, can cause HUMAN HEALTH and have a strong impact on.
According to statistics, China's artificial source VOCs be discharged into every year in air is about 2230.0 ten thousand tons (2010), and wherein fixed combustion source emission 573.6 ten thousand tons, technological process discharge 546.3 ten thousand tons, moving source discharges 480.0 ten thousand tons, solvent uses discharge 466.6 ten thousand tons, store and transport quantity discharged is 163.5 ten thousand tons.The pollutent produced in technological process mainly from the uncontrollable discharge of each technological process, as treating processess such as the production processes such as synthetic materials, food-drink, coating, synthetic ammonia and compost, burning, landfills.The VOCs produced in composting process is as the important component part of technological process discharge VOCs, and the VOCs of its discharge also causes environment and has a strong impact on.
Research shows, can produce in composting process up to 110 kinds of VOCs, enumerate ketone, hydro carbons, arene, alcohols, organic sulfide etc., its maximal emission reaches 14547mg/m
3, and these VOCs major part foul smelling smells, cause sense organ uncomfortable.
At present zinc cation method, biological island and biological filter process are mainly contained to the removal of VOCs in compost.Administer air-polluting method (absorption method, burning method, condensation method and catalytic oxidation) with tradition to compare, biological process is because of features such as equipment is simple, less investment, working cost are low, non-secondary pollutions, more and more paid close attention to, but biological process but still needs facility investment and routine maintenance, add composting plant operation cost.
To sum up, in order to reduce the discharge of dusty gas in composting process, probe into out a kind of discharge-reducing method effectively realizing VOCs in composting process, imperative.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of charcoal and reduce discharging the application in the TVOCs produced in feces of livestock and poultry and straw compost, the present invention adds charcoal in the process of feces of livestock and poultry and straw compost, the discharge of TVOCs in composting process can be reduced, there is very important practical value.
The present invention provide firstly a kind of preparation method of compost, comprises the steps: to add charcoal in the mixture of feces of livestock and poultry and stalk, obtains compost material; Described compost material, through aerobic fermentation, namely obtains described compost.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described feces of livestock and poultry is pig manure, and the quality water ratio of described pig manure can be 70% ~ 85%, as 70%, 80% or 85%;
Described stalk is maize straw, and the quality water ratio of described maize straw can be lower than 30%, and as 10%, 15% or 20%, particle diameter can be 1cm ~ 3cm.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described charcoal can be maize straw charcoal;
The quality water ratio of described charcoal can be lower than 30%, as 10% or 20%.
In above-mentioned preparation method, in the mixture of described feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk, the mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen element can be 25 ~ 35:1, specifically can be 25:1,30:1 or 35:1.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described charcoal accounts for 15% ~ 25% of the quality of the mixture of described feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk, as 15%, 20% or 25%, the mixture of wherein said feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk and the quality of described charcoal refer to the quality of its butt respectively.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the quality water ratio of described compost material can be 60% ~ 70%, specifically can be 65% or 70%.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described aerobic fermentation can carry out under the condition of ventilating;
The speed of described ventilation can be 0.1m
3min
-1m
-3~ 0.2m
3min
-1m
-3.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the process of described ventilation is as follows:
When the temperature of described compost material is lower than 50 DEG C, keep ventilation 5min every 40min;
When the temperature of described compost material is 50 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C, keep ventilation 5min every 20min;
When the temperature of described compost material rises to more than 65 DEG C, keep constant ventilation;
When the temperature of described compost material drops to below 20 DEG C, stop ventilating.
Present invention also offers charcoal carries out in compost application at feces of livestock and poultry and stalk, specifically for reducing discharging the TVOCs produced in composting process;
Described charcoal can be maize straw charcoal;
Described feces of livestock and poultry can be pig manure;
Described stalk can be maize straw.
During embody rule, described charcoal is added in the heap body of described feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk; Described charcoal accounts for 15% ~ 25% of the total mass of the mixture of described feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk, as 15%, 20% or 25%, the mixture of wherein said feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk and the quality of described charcoal refer to the quality of its butt respectively.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
In prior art, the method removing compost TVOCs, mainly after TVOCs discharge, is removed as adopted the methods such as zinc cation method, biological island and biological filter process.Present invention achieves the control to TVOCs in composting process.Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, realize the process control of TVOCs, reduce the cost of end treatment.Present invention achieves the discharge reducing TVOCs in composting process, effectively reduce the emission concentration of TVOCs, reduce the cost of TVOCs end treatment further.
2, apply the present invention in compost engineering, by the charcoal process control technology of TVOCs, lower TVOCs emission concentration, effectively can reduce the concentration of TVOCs in compost workshop, improve the Working environment of staff in workshop.
3, the present invention is on the basis realizing TVOCs reduction of discharging, adds the air permeability that charcoal can improve compost material, contributes to becoming thoroughly decomposed of composting production, promote composting production quality.
The present invention is that the volatile gases produced in organics removal composting process provides a kind of simple to operate, investment cost is few, using value is high novel method; Utilize method of the present invention to carry out compost and can effectively reduce the TVOCs discharged in composting process, reduce air environmental pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 adds the change curve that maize straw charcoal (15%) carries out TVOCs concentration in compost and contrast compost in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 adds the change curve that maize straw charcoal (20%) carries out TVOCs concentration in compost and contrast compost in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 3 adds the change curve that maize straw charcoal (25%) carries out TVOCs concentration in compost and contrast compost in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
In following embodiment, carbon and nitrogen element are measured by elemental analyser (ThermoOEA, FLASH2000).
In following embodiment, the concentration of emission gases adopts PID photoionization detector(PID).
The preparation of embodiment 1, compost
One, material prepares
Fresh pig manure: be no more than 3 days and be advisable, quality water ratio is 85%.
Maize straw: pulverize as 1cm segment, dry to quality water ratio be 10%.
4:1 gets fresh pig manure and maize straw in mass ratio, and mixing, now in mixture, C/N (mass ratio) is about 35:1, and quality water ratio is 70%.Then add maize straw charcoal to heap body (mixture), account for 15% of the total mass of fresh pig manure and maize straw, the quality water ratio of maize straw charcoal is 10%, mixes.
For ensureing that charcoal and compost material can fully mix, the material of disposable mixing is too much unsuitable, and the material as mixed is too much can be mixed in batches successively.
Two, compost
Ready material is carried out aerobic fermentation, and period takes force ventilated mode to carry out compost to heap body, and rate of venting is set to 0.1m
3min
-1m
-3.Ventilation cell is every ventilating according to heap temperature, and draft type is as shown in table 1.
Forced ventilation mode in table 1 compost
Composting cycle is 31 days.
For the ease of contrast, above-mentioned fresh pig manure and maize straw are carried out compost, the draft type in material proportion and composting process is same as described above.
Does is (what specifically detect which plants gas to TVOCs in composting process? TVOCs is total amount) adopt PID photoionization detector(PID) to detect.Measure 1 every day, each replication is averaged for 3 times.
Fig. 1 is in the present embodiment composting process and the concentration curve of TVOCs discharge in above-mentioned contrast composting process, as shown in Figure 1, compared with the control, the present invention, by adding maize straw charcoal (addition is 15%) in fresh pig manure and maize straw, significantly can reduce the concentration of TVOCs in composting process; In contrast, TVOCs concentration is up to 381.4ppm, and after adding the maize straw charcoal of 15%, in composting process, TVOCs concentration is only up to 227.2ppm.In whole composting process, the average T VOCs emission concentration of contrast is 203.4ppm, and after adding the maize straw charcoal of 15%, average T VOCs emission concentration is reduced to 118.0ppm.
The preparation of embodiment 2, compost
One, material prepares
Fresh pig manure: be no more than 3 days and be advisable, quality water ratio is 80%.
Maize straw: pulverize as 1cm segment, dry to quality water ratio be 15%.
5:1 gets fresh pig manure and maize straw in mass ratio, and mixing, now in mixture, C/N (mass ratio) is about 30:1, and quality water ratio is 70%.Then add maize straw charcoal to heap body (mixture), account for 25% of the total mass of fresh pig manure and maize straw, the quality water ratio of maize straw charcoal is 20%, mixes.
Two, compost
Ready material is carried out aerobic fermentation, and period takes force ventilated mode to carry out compost to heap body, and rate of venting is set to 0.2m
3min
-1m
-3.Ventilation cell is every ventilating according to heap temperature, and draft type is as shown in table 1.
Composting cycle is 31 days.
For the ease of contrast, above-mentioned fresh pig manure and maize straw are carried out compost, the draft type in material proportion and composting process is same as described above.
Does is (what specifically detect which plants gas to TVOCs in composting process?) adopt PID photoionization detector(PID) to detect.Measure 1 every day, each replication is averaged for 3 times.
Fig. 2 is in the present embodiment composting process and the concentration curve of TVOCs discharge in above-mentioned contrast composting process, as shown in Figure 1, compared with the control, the present invention by adding maize straw charcoal (addition is 20%) in fresh pig manure and maize straw, can significantly reduce TVOCs concentration in composting process, in contrast, TVOCs concentration is up to 381.4ppm, and after adding the maize straw charcoal of 20%, in composting process, TVOCs concentration is only up to 227.2ppm.In whole composting process, the average T VOCs emission concentration of contrast is 216.1ppm, and after adding the maize straw charcoal of 20%, the reduction of average T VOCs emission concentration is only 84.4ppm.
The preparation of embodiment 3, compost
One, material prepares
Fresh pig manure: be no more than 3 days and be advisable, quality water ratio is 70%.
Maize straw: pulverize as 2cm segment, dry to quality water ratio be 20%.
8:1 gets fresh pig manure and maize straw in mass ratio, and mixing, now in mixture, C/N (mass ratio) is about 20:1, and quality water ratio is 65%.Then add maize straw charcoal to heap body (mixture), account for 20% of the total mass of fresh pig manure and maize straw, the quality water ratio of maize straw charcoal is 20%, mixes.
Two, compost
Ready material is carried out aerobic fermentation, and period takes force ventilated mode to carry out compost to heap body, and rate of venting is set to 0.2m
3min
-1m
-3.Ventilation cell is every ventilating according to heap temperature, and draft type is as shown in table 1.
Composting cycle is 31 days.
For the ease of contrast, above-mentioned fresh pig manure and maize straw are carried out compost, the draft type in material proportion and composting process is same as described above.
Does is (what specifically detect which plants gas to TVOCs in composting process?) adopt PID photoionization detector(PID) to detect.Measure 1 every day, each replication is averaged for 3 times.
Fig. 3 is in the present embodiment composting process and the concentration curve of TVOCs discharge in above-mentioned contrast composting process, as shown in Figure 1, compared with the control, the present invention by adding maize straw charcoal (addition is 25%) in fresh pig manure and maize straw, can significantly reduce TVOCs concentration in composting process, in contrast, TVOCs concentration is up to 381.4ppm, and after adding the maize straw charcoal of 25%, in composting process, TVOCs concentration is only up to 175.7ppm.In whole composting process, the average T VOCs emission concentration of contrast is 216.1ppm, and after adding the maize straw charcoal of 20%, the reduction of average T VOCs emission concentration is only 73.5ppm.
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for compost, comprises the steps: to add charcoal in the mixture of feces of livestock and poultry and stalk, obtains compost material; Described compost material, through aerobic fermentation, namely obtains described compost.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described feces of livestock and poultry is pig manure, and the quality water ratio of described pig manure is 70% ~ 85%;
Described stalk is maize straw, and the quality water ratio of described maize straw is lower than 30%, and particle diameter is 1cm ~ 3cm.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described charcoal is maize straw charcoal;
The quality water ratio of described charcoal is lower than 30%.
4. the preparation method according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: in the mixture of described feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk, and the mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen element is 25 ~ 35:1.
5. the preparation method according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described charcoal accounts for 15% ~ 25% of the quality of the mixture of described feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk, the mixture of wherein said feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk and the quality of described charcoal refer to the quality of its butt respectively.
6. the preparation method according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that: the quality water ratio of described compost material is 60% ~ 70%.
7. the preparation method according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that: described aerobic fermentation carries out under the condition of ventilating;
The speed of described ventilation is 0.1m
3min
-1m
-3~ 0.2m
3min
-1m
-3.
8. charcoal carries out the application in compost at feces of livestock and poultry and stalk;
Described charcoal is maize straw charcoal;
Described feces of livestock and poultry is pig manure;
Described stalk is maize straw.
9. application according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described charcoal adds in the heap body of described feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk;
Described charcoal accounts for 15% ~ 25% of the quality of the mixture of described feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk, and the mixture of wherein said feces of livestock and poultry and described stalk and the quality of described charcoal refer to the quality of its butt respectively.
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| CN201511005722.7A CN105439659A (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2015-12-29 | Application of charcoal in reducing discharge of TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) in livestock manure and straw compost |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201511005722.7A CN105439659A (en) | 2015-12-29 | 2015-12-29 | Application of charcoal in reducing discharge of TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) in livestock manure and straw compost |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN106220261A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-14 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of method of chicken manure aerobic compost |
| CN106542938A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-03-29 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | A kind of charcoal base biogas residue organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107935640A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-20 | 青岛农业大学 | It is a kind of to accelerate decomposed additive of pig manure and its preparation method and application |
| CN108383579A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-08-10 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | A kind of biogas residue quick aerobic fermentation method |
| CN112174717A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-05 | 中山大学 | Method for reducing methane gas emission in livestock manure composting process |
| CN113912439A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-11 | 山东庞大生物集团有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and straw |
| CN117164396A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-12-05 | 北京市农林科学院 | Oxalic acid modified biochar, and preparation and use methods and application thereof |
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| CN117164396A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-12-05 | 北京市农林科学院 | Oxalic acid modified biochar, and preparation and use methods and application thereof |
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