CN103641099A - Biomass charcoal, compost containing biomass charcoal, and preparation method of biomass charcoal - Google Patents
Biomass charcoal, compost containing biomass charcoal, and preparation method of biomass charcoal Download PDFInfo
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- CN103641099A CN103641099A CN201310607168.4A CN201310607168A CN103641099A CN 103641099 A CN103641099 A CN 103641099A CN 201310607168 A CN201310607168 A CN 201310607168A CN 103641099 A CN103641099 A CN 103641099A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass charcoal and an application of the biomass charcoal in compost. The biomass charcoal is prepared through the following steps: grinding plant twigs, in the protection of nitrogen gas, carrying out a high-temperature heating treatment on the plant twigs in a cracking furnace, then cooling, grinding, and sieving with a sieve with a size of 80 to 100 meshes so as to obtain the biomass charcoal. The preparation method takes plant twigs as the raw materials, then prepares biomass charcoal under a high temperature; then the biomass charcoal is applied to a compost composed of poultry manure, the biomass charcoal can reduce the nitrogen element loss in the compost, also promotes the fermentation process and compost maturity of the compost, and thus improves the application effect of the organic fertilizer. A novel nitrogen preserving method during the poultry manure compost fertilization process is provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic fertilizer field, relate in particular to a kind of compost that comprises biomass charcoal and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Feces of livestock and poultry is the agricultural wastes that nitrogen content is relatively high, and in composting process, organic nitrogen can form the intermediate products such as some amino acid, acid amides through mineralising, finally transfers inorganic nitrogen (NH to
4 +-N, N0
3-N).Rotten degree and foul smell that the conversion of nitrogen had both been related to composting production discharge, and are also related to the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogen loss and composting production.
In composting process, nitrogen loss is at 40-70% at present, and nitrogen loss has not only caused the decline of compost fertilizer efficiency, and has polluted environment.How to reduce nitrogen loss in composting process is the problem that people are concerned about always, and it is a lot of that existing feces of livestock and poultry is piled rotten method fast, but these methods are excessively emphasized the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and lacks the necessary nitrogen measure of reasonably protecting; Although there is research, attempt adding guarantor's nitrogen materials such as some breezes, but it is limited in one's ability that this type of material is protected nitrogen on the one hand, also greatly increased on the other hand ash oontent in compost, excessive use can make compost cannot meet the requirement of country to the standard of fertilizer (45% organic content).
Therefore, seek and can protect nitrogen, can promote again the materials and methods that becomes thoroughly decomposed, improves fertilizer quality to seem very urgent.
Summary of the invention
The compost that the invention discloses a kind of biomass charcoal and applied this biomass charcoal, compare with traditional fertilizer, the present invention not only can reduce the nitrogen loss of composting process by use biomass charcoal, but also promotes the fermentation maturity of compost, has improved the application effect of fertilizer; Meanwhile, biomass charcoal of the present invention has formed the recycling to fruit tree, agricultural crop straw etc., has fabulous economic benefit and social benefit.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A biomass charcoal, adopts the preparation of following method: plant branch is smashed, under nitrogen atmosphere, in pyrolyzer, branch is carried out to high-temperature heating treatment, then cooling, pulverized 80-100 mesh sieve, obtain biomass charcoal.
Wherein, plant branch used can be common fruit tree, can be also farm crop branch, includes but not limited to the farm crop branches such as the fruit trees such as apple, pear tree, apricot or wheat stalk or rice husk.
Preferably, described plant branch is apple branch, smashes the length to 3-5cm.
Wherein, above-mentioned high-temperature process can be adjusted according to differences such as the plant branch type adopting, sizes, and when adopting apple branch, the temperature that preferably high-temperature process is heat treated is 550 ℃, and the heat treated time is 2.5 hours.
Because above-mentioned biomass charcoal has good nitrogen fixation effect, therefore the invention also discloses a kind of compost that includes biomass charcoal, include above-mentioned biomass charcoal.
Wherein, described biomass charcoal and basic material quality and ratio be 1:10-50, described basic material comprises feces of livestock and poultry and bacterium chaff.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the concept of compost basic material, normally adopt cow dung, chicken manure, bacterium chaff etc. to mix according to a certain percentage as basic material, add on this basis biomass charcoal of the present invention to ferment and formed compost.
When adopting apple branch to prepare described biomass charcoal, preferably the mass ratio of biomass charcoal and basic material is 1:15-25.
Further, the invention also discloses the preparation method of above-mentioned compost, first basic material is mixed, then add biomass charcoal, regulate the 50-80% that moisture content is whole material, fully stir evenly, (sterile air) fermented manure of ventilating in fermentor tank, air flow is 0.6-0.8m
3(kgd)
-1.
When adopting apple branch to prepare described biomass charcoal, preferably regulating moisture content is 50-65%.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described fermented manure process comprises the temperature rise period, hot stage and temperature-fall period, and each phase temperature is controlled as the temperature of temperature rise period is 20-50 ℃, and hot stage is 50-70 ℃, and temperature-fall period is 70-30 ℃.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the total time of fermented manure and the time in each stage can be adjusted according to actual needs flexibly, conventionally fermented manure total time are not less than 25 days, and one is 30-40 days.
Technical scheme of the present invention is applied to biomass charcoal in the Composting Process of feces of livestock and poultry as protecting nitrogen material, not only can effectively improve the content of organonitrogen in compost, and can improve the temperature of compost hot stage, promotes to become thoroughly decomposed; The compost producing is conducive to improve soil organic matter after using soil, can improve capillary porosity and the available water of soil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 has shown that feces of livestock and poultry piles temperature variation in rotten process;
Fig. 2 has shown that feces of livestock and poultry piles in rotten process total nitrogen content and change;
Fig. 3 has shown that the feces of livestock and poultry nitrogen loss rate in rotten process of piling changes;
Fig. 4 has shown that feces of livestock and poultry piles amidonitrogen in rotten process and account for full nitrogen ratio;
Fig. 5 has shown that feces of livestock and poultry piles amino-acid nitrogen in rotten process and account for full nitrogen ratio;
Fig. 6 has shown that feces of livestock and poultry piles rotten process Mineral N and account for full nitrogen ratio;
Fig. 7 has shown that feces of livestock and poultry piles ammonium nitrogen/nitric nitrogen ratio in rotten process;
Fig. 8 has shown that interpolation biomass charcoal affects fertilizer mineralization rate;
Fig. 9 has shown the impact of use biomass charcoal on fertilizer soil pores situation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the preparation of apple branch biomass charcoal
Apple branch is smashed to the length to 3-5cm, under nitrogen atmosphere, in pyrolyzer, apple branch is carried out to heat treated, the temperature of heat treated is 550 ℃, and the heat treated time is 2.5 hours; Then cooling, pulverized 80-100 mesh sieve, obtain apple branch biomass charcoal.
Embodiment 2: adopt biomass charcoal to prepare compost
Take cow dung, bacterium chaff, chicken manure etc. is raw material, according to 33.3%:33.3%:33.3% (mass ratio), mixes, and then 5% ratio is added biomass charcoal (accounting for the mass ratio of said mixture material).To regulate moisture content be whole material 60%, fully stirs evenly, and in fermentor tank, (100L) carries out the test of aerobic fermentation composting, and air flow is 0.6-0.8m
3(kgd)
-1(in organism).Temperature variation and the nitrogen transformation of monitoring fermenting process, do simultaneously do not add biomass carbon processing in contrast.Whole test repeats 3 times.
Embodiment 3: compost physical and chemical index is measured
Material fermentation starts, within every 3 days, once sample, 3 levels of upper, middle and lower that each sampling point gathers compost mix (as a sample), and sample segment is collected in plastics bag and seals, 4 ℃ of stored refrigerated are to be measured, pulverize 1mm sieve standby after another part sample natural air drying.The indexs such as the full nitrogen of working sample and nitrogen composition.
Be below test-results:
As can be seen from Figure 1, add biomass charcoal and improved leavening temperature: as we can see from the figure, to have experienced 3 stages be temperature rise period, hot stage, temperature-fall period to temperature variation in composting process.The processing of adding biomass charcoal enters the During High-Temperature Composting stage at 4d (50 ℃ of >), and 9d reaches top temperature (67.6 ℃), and hot stage has maintained 13 days, and this stage medial temperature is 60.3 ℃.And the compost treatment of not adding biomass charcoal entered hot stage at the 6th day, 11d reaches top temperature (65.0 ℃), and hot stage has also maintained 13 days, and hot stage average out to degree is 57.5 ℃.So, in the Composting Process of feces of livestock and poultry, add the fast rise that biomass charcoal can promote compost temperature, and keep relatively high temperature at hot stage.
From Fig. 2, we can see, add the total nitrogen content that biomass charcoal has improved decomposition product: along with the carrying out of composting, total nitrogen content increases to some extent, and this is the quality minimizing due to organic materials, and nitrogen content is concentrated to some extent.In composting process, add biomass charcoal, early stage, total nitrogen content slightly reduced due to its diluting effect, and the later stage makes decomposition Nitrogen in Products content rising (comparing with the compost treatment of not adding biomass charcoal).Illustrate that adding biomass charcoal has certain guarantor's nitrogen effect.
As seen from Figure 3; interpolation biomass charcoal has reduced the rate of loss of composting process nitrogen: the biomass charcoal that apple branch is prepared at 550 ℃ has certain alkalescence (pH=11.6); the rate of loss of the initial stage nitrogen therefore adding increases (with not adding comparing of biomass charcoal) relatively; but the carrying out along with decomposition; biomass carbon has well fixing and absorption provide protection to nitrogen, can reduce the rate of loss of nitrogen.In whole decay process (30 days), add the compost of biomass charcoal, nitrogen loss rate is 37%, and the compost treatment of not adding biomass charcoal, nitrogen loss rate is 41%, the rate of loss of nitrogen definitely declines 4%, relatively reduces by 10% left and right.
Fig. 4,5 demonstrates and adds the content that biomass charcoal has improved composting process acid amides state and amino-acid state organonitrogen: as is known to the person skilled in the art, nitrogen in feces of livestock and poultry be take organonitrogen as main, account for the more than 98% of whole nitrogen, wherein with compounds such as protein, polypeptide and heterocyclic nitrogen, exist for master.In Composting Process, these organic nitrogen compounds can be hydrolyzed, and be converted into amino acid, acyl ammonia-state nitrogen etc., and be further converted to inorganic nitrogen (ammonia) under the effect of microorganism and enzyme.Wherein part, with the volatilization of ammonia form, causes the loss of nitrogen.Compare with the processing of not adding biomass charcoal, in Composting Process, add biomass charcoal, at the hot stage of decomposition, can increase amidonitrogen content, improve the ratio that amidonitrogen accounts for full nitrogen, also improved the ratio of the amino-acid nitrogen of compost product simultaneously.This be due to biomass charcoal by intermolecular Van der Waals force, hydrogen bond, Coulomb's force etc. to the absorption of amidonitrogen, amino-acid nitrogen, fixing due to.Having suppressed the excessive rapid conversion of these compositions is inorganic nitrogen, thereby avoids nitrogen excessively to volatilize, and has reduced the rate of loss of nitrogen.
In Fig. 6, we can see, add the content that biomass charcoal has reduced composting process Mineral N: compost Mineral N is inorganic nitrogen, comprises ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen.Mineral nitrogen is to be transformed through ammonification and nitrification by organonitrogen.Add after biomass charcoal, because it is to adsorption of organic nitrogen compound etc., especially absorption and the maintenance to the intermediate product amino-acid nitrogen of nitrogen transformation and amidonitrogen, inorganic nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen+nitric nitrogen) is decreased in earlier stage at decomposition, thereby reduced the risk of nitrogen loss.
Fig. 7 demonstrates interpolation biomass charcoal and has effectively improved the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed, NH in composting process
4 +-N, N0
3 -the relative variation of-N is the important symbol of compost maturity, it has been generally acknowledged that and works as NH
4 +-N/NO
3 --N≤0.5 compost reaches and becomes thoroughly decomposed.In the Composting Process of feces of livestock and poultry, NH
4 +-N/NO
3the ratio of N is saddle-shape to be changed, and increase early stage gradually, with NH
4 +-N forms master, and stage is with NO
3n forms master, adds the processing of biomass charcoal, its NH
4 +-N/NO
3the ratio relatively low (with not adding comparing of biomass charcoal) of N, during decomposition to 25 day, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed (< 0.5), and does not add the processing of biomass charcoal, in the time of 30 days, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
On the basis of the above, applicant has studied and has added the impact of biomass charcoal on fertilizer fertilizer efficiency.
To add or not add fertilizer prepared by biomass charcoal, in a certain amount of nylon net bag that packs 0.25mm into, then imbed (enforcement on March 15th, 2012) in orchard soil 30cm degree of depth soil layer, after imbedding 180 days respectively, within 360 days, take out, measure the total amount of organic materials, the content of analysis organic carbon, calculate the mineralization rate of organic carbon.Found that, add the fertilizer of biomass charcoal, the mineralization rate of its organic carbon all decreases, and reduces by 4% and 6% (absolute value) respectively than the fertilizer that does not add biomass charcoal, relatively reduces by 8.1% and 8.5% (seeing Fig. 8).Illustrate, add the fertilizer of biomass charcoal, the stability of organic carbon is higher, is conducive to organic carbon and preserves in soil.
Soil pores is divided into ventilating slit (> 0.02mm), capillary pore (0.02-0.002mm) and invalid hole (< 0.02mm) by its size and function, wherein, capillary pore be soil for water conservation, and can offer the hole of plant utilization.Add the fertilizer of biomass charcoal, little on the ventilating slit of soil and the impact of invalid hole, the capillary pore (seeing Fig. 9) that has mainly increased soil, makes capillary porosity relatively improve 14% left and right, and this has vital role to increasing the maintenance of soil available water.
Applicant has also studied in actual applications and has adopted the branches such as pear tree, peach as performance and the effect of biomass charcoal, demonstrates the effect close with apple branch.
Applicant has attempted adjusting the proportion of composing (applicant has attempted the combination of three's mass range in experiment: (1-3): (1-3): (1-3)) of cow dung, bacterium chaff, chicken manure in research process, although find, definitely in performance, there is variation, but biomass charcoal is same to the variation of its effect, demonstrate the basic material that no matter adopts which kind of composition, biomass charcoal of the present invention can improve its many-sided application performance.
Meanwhile, applicant has also studied the impact of the moisture content of compost on test-results, finds that moisture content is consistent to the performance impact of compost within the scope of 50-65%, can slightly reduce the effect of biomass charcoal within the scope of 70-80%.
Claims (9)
1. a biomass charcoal, is characterized in that adopting following method preparation: plant branch is smashed, under nitrogen atmosphere, in pyrolyzer, branch is carried out to high-temperature heating treatment, then cooling, pulverized 80-100 mesh sieve, obtain biomass charcoal.
2. biomass charcoal according to claim 1, is characterized in that described plant branch is apple branch, smashes the length to 3-5cm.
3. biomass charcoal according to claim 1, is characterized in that described high-temperature process is that the temperature of heat treated is 550 ℃, and the heat treated time is 2.5 hours.
4. the compost that includes biomass charcoal, is characterized in that including biomass charcoal claimed in claim 1.
5. compost according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described biomass charcoal and basic material quality and ratio be 1:10-50, described basic material comprises feces of livestock and poultry and bacterium chaff.
6. the preparation method of compost described in claim 5, is characterized in that first basic material being mixed, and then adds biomass charcoal, regulate the 50-80% that moisture content is whole material, fully stir evenly, carry out aerobic fermentation compost in fermentor tank, air flow is 0.6-0.8m
3(kgd)
-1.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that described biomass charcoal derives from apple branch, and adjusting water content is 50-65%.
8. preparation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that described fermented manure process comprises the temperature rise period, hot stage and temperature-fall period, and wherein the temperature of temperature rise period is 20-50 ℃, and hot stage is 50-70 ℃, and temperature-fall period is 70-30 ℃.
9. preparation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that fermented manure total time is not less than 25 days.
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| CN104016749A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-09-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | Biomass charcoal, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112174738A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-05 | 施亚琼 | Organic compound fertilizer containing agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof |
| CN112694356A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-23 | 塔里木大学 | Method for reducing compost nitrogen loss by using composite fruit branch biomass charcoal |
| CN112694356B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-07-22 | 塔里木大学 | Method for reducing compost nitrogen loss by using composite fruit branch biomass charcoal |
| CN113912439A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-11 | 山东庞大生物集团有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure and straw |
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