CN109369287A - A kind of charcoal base synergy compost and its production method and application - Google Patents
A kind of charcoal base synergy compost and its production method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109369287A CN109369287A CN201811224530.9A CN201811224530A CN109369287A CN 109369287 A CN109369287 A CN 109369287A CN 201811224530 A CN201811224530 A CN 201811224530A CN 109369287 A CN109369287 A CN 109369287A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of charcoal base synergy compost and its production method and applications.The production method of the charcoal base synergy compost, comprising: crush fruit tree limb of giving up for sawdust；The sawdust and nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon are blended, compost material is obtained；The compost material is subjected to compost, after decomposed, obtains charcoal base synergy compost；Wherein, nitrogen fertilizer amount is in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 40-45:3-8:30-35:15-20.The present invention is by conventional compostation material and the common compost of biomass carbon; the two complementation is reciprocal; biomass carbon can reduce the ammonia volatilization of conventional compostation; protect the nutrient in compost; it is provided for compost microbe and inhabites playground; promote compost material humification, improve compost humus material content, promotes harmful substance degradation in compost.Conventional compostation material can supplement the nutrient of biomass carbon, eliminate the defect of the low mineral nutrient of biomass carbon high-carbon.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to abandoned biomass resource utilization and organic fertilizer production technical fields, more particularly to a kind of charcoal base
Synergy compost and its production method and application specifically utilize Waste Wood-based Materials and bioenergy byproduct biomass carbon
The method of common compost production compost.
Background technique
Compost is the organic fertilizer using organic materials fermentation maturity under microbial action, and contained nutriment is richer
Richness, and fertilizer efficiency is long and stablize, while may advantageously facilitate the formation of soil solid particless structure, can increase soil water-retaining, heat preservation, breathe freely,
The ability of fertilizer conservation, and be used in mixed way with chemical fertilizer and nutrient contained by chemical fertilizer can be overcome single, long-term single use chemical fertilizer makes soil
It is hardened, it is retained, the defect of fertilizer conservation degraded performance.Currently, organic materials used in conventional compostation is numerous, common material has plant
Primary residual biomass, such as crop material, wheat bran, rice husk and vegetables stalk and waste；There is plant product by processing or benefit
Secondary residual biomass after, such as brewing slag, oil meal, Gourmet Powder Factory's slag and feces of livestock and poultry waste.
However, many cultivation of fruit tree areas all generate every year recently as the continuous expansion of China's cultivation of fruit tree area
The useless branch of the trimming of magnanimity, with the improvement of rural energy structure and the enhancing of people's environmental protection consciousness, fruit tree conduct
For fuel wood using reducing year by year, the useless branch of a large amount of fruit tree is stacked in the rural area Guo Qu peasant household garden, roadside and field, not only influences
Look of a village village looks, and become fire hazard.In addition, month after month exposing to the weather throughout the year, trims branch degradation and decomposition, discharges a large amount of dioxies
Change the gases such as carbon, not only organic resources is caused to lose, and cause environmental pollution, even if being used as fuel wood, and to having
The waste in machine goods and materials source.In many fruit areas, in addition to pruning fruit tree branch, other organic resources are more deficient, lead to rural area heap
Fertile organic resources are rare, and compost is that organic matter is given back to orchard soil, the important organic fertilizer of fertilizing soil fertility.Therefore,
Branch is given up as organic materials using fruit area pruning fruit tree and produces compost, and is used for orchard soil fertilising, can not only be opened up
New heap fertile resource, and organic improving fertilizing can be carried out to soil, the soil organism is improved, fruit yield and quality are improved, is promoted
Into soil sustainable use, and be conducive to the improvement of Ecological Environment.
Although also there is the research for carrying out compost using sawdust in the prior art, long-term a large amount of scientific research result tables
Bright: the sawdust compost being manured into soil can be gradually decomposed into titanium dioxide after soil physics, chemistry and biological effect in the soil
Carbon and water, most sawdusts and conventional organic materials are discharged after decomposing with carbon dioxide and water in 1-2, only atomic
Amount part sawdust organic matter can be converted into agron class organic matter.Thus, it is improved using this existing organic matter compost
Fertilizing soil slow effect, time course are extremely very long.
Summary of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of production method of charcoal base synergy compost, technology to be solved is asked
Topic is that this method makes the effective returning to the field of fruit tree waste, reduces it and banks up and burn pollution on the environment problem, and by adding
Add new material-biomass charcoal powder, overcoming conventional compostation, degradation speed brings stability carbon deficiency into soil fastly in the soil
And the problem of farming area in Zuogong soil fertility slow effect.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems adopts the following technical solutions to realize.
A kind of production method of charcoal base synergy compost proposed according to the present invention, comprising:
Fruit tree limb of giving up is crushed as sawdust；
The sawdust and nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon are blended, compost material is obtained；
The compost material is subjected to compost, after decomposed, obtains charcoal base synergy compost；
Wherein, nitrogen fertilizer amount is in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 40-45:
3-8:30-35:15-20。
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be used following technical measures and further realize.
Preferably, the production method of charcoal base synergy compost above-mentioned, wherein by the sawdust and nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass
The step of charcoal is blended include:
The nitrogenous fertilizer is made into the nitrogenous fertilizer solution of 10-20%, by the nitrogenous fertilizer spray solution to the sawdust, is being sprayed
In the process, lasting overturn stirs the sawdust, is uniformly mixed, obtains the first mixture；
The excrement is mixed with first mixture, is uniformly mixed, obtains the second mixture；
The biomass carbon is mixed with second mixture, is uniformly mixed, obtains third mixture；
Water is sprayed on the third mixture, during sprinkling, lasting overturn stirs the third mixture, control
The humidity for making the third mixture is 45%-50%, obtains the compost material.
Preferably, the production method of charcoal base synergy compost above-mentioned, the Pruning Away Branches that limb is fruit tree wherein the fruit tree is given up
One of item, bough and trunk are a variety of, and the fruit tree includes cherry tree, peach, apple tree, actinidia tree, pear tree, plum
One of tree, thornbuss, jujube tree, orange tree, Chinese chestnut tree, persimmon tree and walnut are a variety of；The granularity of the sawdust is little
In 5 millimeters.
Preferably, the production method of charcoal base synergy compost above-mentioned, wherein the excrement include sheep dung, cow dung, pig manure,
One of horsehit, chicken manure, duck excrement, rabbit excrement and pigeon excrement are a variety of.
Preferably, the production method of charcoal base synergy compost above-mentioned, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, ammonium hydroxide, bicarbonate
One of ammonium, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are a variety of.
Preferably, the production method of charcoal base synergy compost above-mentioned, wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust,
The mass ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon is 40-45:5:30-35:15-20.
Preferably, the production method of charcoal base synergy compost above-mentioned, wherein the compost is aerobic compost, comprising: by institute
Stating compost material and stacking is strip heap or taper heap, and compost fermentation is primary every the stirring of overturning in 7-10 days, and shower water, makes it
Humidity maintains 45%-50%, obtains decomposed compost；
Wherein, the compost duration: summer is 20-40 days, and spring, autumn or winter are 60-100 days.
Preferably, the production method of charcoal base synergy compost above-mentioned, wherein the compost is anaerobism compost, comprising: by institute
It states compost material and piles circular cone pile or strip heap, seal, compost fermentation obtains decomposed compost；
Wherein, the compost duration: summer is 20-40 days, and spring, autumn or winter are 60-100 days.
Also the following technical solution is employed for the object of the invention to solve the technical problems to realize.
A kind of charcoal base synergy compost proposed according to the present invention, the charcoal base synergy compost are described in any of the above-described.
Also the following technical solution is employed for the object of the invention to solve the technical problems to realize.
Above-mentioned charcoal base synergy compost proposed according to the present invention is applied in agricultural or production of forestry.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, a kind of charcoal base synergy compost proposed by the present invention and its production method and application at least have
It has the advantage that
1, the present invention is using the useless limb sawdust of fruit tree, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon as raw material, and the fruit tree is given up branch
Dry sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer (in terms of purity nitrogen), excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 40-45:3-8:30-35:15-20.It can be seen that
The present invention can be largely using the useless limb of fruit tree, and converting available ecology by proper treatment for these fruit tree wastes has
Machine fertilizer, is the effective means of its resource utilization, realizes the recycling of the useless limb of fruit tree, solves a large amount of heaps of fruit tree waste
Product and caused by fire hazard and organic resources loss, be conducive to environmental protection and the reasonable utilization of organic resource.
2, production method of the invention is after fruit tree to be given up to limb sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon blending, through aerobic
Or anaerobism compost ferments to obtain charcoal base synergy compost, for the present invention by conventional compostation material and the common compost of biomass carbon, the two is mutual
Mend reciprocal, biomass carbon can reduce the ammonia volatilization of conventional compostation, protect the nutrient in compost, provide for compost microbe and inhabit work
Dynamic place, promotes the humification of compost material, improves compost humus material content, promotes harmful substance drop in compost
Solution；Meanwhile the nutrient for supplementing biomass carbon in compost material, eliminate the defect of the low mineral nutrient of biomass carbon high-carbon.Heap
Fertile microorganism can also increase the water suction of biomass carbon by biological oxidation and chemical oxidation effect and adsorb the functional group of nutrient, from
And improve the agronomy effect of biomass carbon in the soil.
3, charcoal base synergy compost produced by the invention compensates for biomass carbon mineral nutrient not for agricultural or forest fertilization
The defect of foot solves the problems, such as plant available nutrient in biomass carbon contention soil, improves the agronomy effect of biomass carbon,
The performance that compost cropland application can not only improve natural soils can also reduce use of the arviculture process to chemical fertilizer；Meanwhile
It solves conventional compostation and brings that stability carbon is insufficient and farming area in Zuogong soil fertility into soil due to degradation speed in the soil is fast
The problem of slow effect.
4, charcoal base synergy compost produced by the invention is increased fertilizer for soil improvement, from the embodiment of the present invention it can be seen that more
Year uses the charcoal base synergy compost, and the content of soil with organic matter, nitrogen and microelement can be improved, can increase the hole of soil
Porosity, crumb structure and bulk density decline, improve fertilizer and water conservation capacity.Therefore, which can play soil protection,
Avoid the pollution caused by chronic administration chemical fertilizer to water body.Charcoal base synergy compost of the invention can be used as the modifying agent of soil,
Physics, the chemical property that soil can be improved improve the soil organism and more such as soil porosity, bulk density, crumb structure, pH value
Kind nutrient content.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the aerobic compost production charcoal base synergy compost of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the process flow chart of the anaerobism compost production charcoal base synergy compost of another embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is of the invention to reach the technical means and efficacy that predetermined goal of the invention is taken further to illustrate, below in conjunction with
Attached drawing and preferred embodiment, to a kind of production method of charcoal base synergy compost proposed according to the present invention its specific embodiment,
Structure, feature and its effect, detailed description is as follows.In the following description, different " embodiment " or " embodiment " refers to not
It must be the same embodiment.In addition, the special characteristic, structure or feature in one or more embodiments can be by any suitable form groups
It closes.
The invention proposes a kind of production methods of charcoal base synergy compost, comprising:
Fruit tree limb of giving up is crushed as sawdust；
The sawdust and nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon are blended, compost material is obtained；
The compost material is subjected to compost, after decomposed, obtains charcoal base synergy compost；
Wherein, nitrogen fertilizer amount is in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 40-45:
3-8:30-35:15-20。
Preferably, nitrogen fertilizer amount is in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 40-
45:5:30-35:15-20。
Preferably, nitrogen fertilizer amount is in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 41-
43:4-6:31-33:16-18。
It is furthermore preferred that nitrogen fertilizer amount is in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 42:
5:32:21。
In the present invention, the useless limb of fruit tree refers to one of trimming branch, bough and trunk of any fruit tree or a variety of, can
For the useless limb of single fruit tree, can also be two or more fruit tree useless limb mixture.In recent years, due to fruit tree
The increase of cultivated area, the useless limb amount of fruit tree increases severely, while the improvement of rural energy structure, and the useless limb of fruit tree is caused largely to be left unused
Waste, the universal and fruit area organic fertilizer material resource of milling machinery equipment is deficient in addition lacks, and fruit tree gives up limb sawdust as heap
Fertile material becomes new trend, and how to make full use of the useless limb sawdust of fruit tree is also current problem to be solved.
The fruit tree of limb refers to that rural peasant transplants specifically, fruit tree is given up fruit tree or agribusiness's plant is in management process
The discarded lifes such as middle fruit tree, the fruit tree trunk generated by tree-like trimming, the grafting of replacement new varieties and replacement fruit variety
Substance.
The present invention does not do specific restriction to fruit tree, and fruit tree includes but is not limited to: apple tree, cherry tree, peach, macaque
Peach, pear tree, Japanese plum, thornbuss, jujube tree, orange tree, Chinese chestnut tree, persimmon tree, walnut etc..
In above-mentioned steps, fruit tree limb of giving up is crushed as graininess sawdust through milling machinery, granularity is to pass through 5 millimeters
Sawdust after sieve pore, therefore, the granularity of sawdust are not more than 5 millimeters.
Specifically, being crushed fruit tree limb of giving up for sawdust using wood grinder, the granularity of sawdust can use sieve in pulverizer
Screen distance control, mesh size be 5 millimeters and following aperture, preferably 3 millimeters.The granularity of sawdust is smaller, with connecing for other materials
Contacting surface product is bigger, and the blending uniformity is more preferable, and the effect of compost fermentation is with regard to more preferable.
The present invention does not do specific restriction to nitrogenous fertilizer, and nitrogenous fertilizer includes but is not limited to: urea, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, chlorination
Ammonium, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate etc..
Preferably, the nitrogenous fertilizer is one or both of urea and ammonium hydrogen carbonate
It is furthermore preferred that nitrogenous fertilizer is urea.This is because urea is that nitrogen content is highest in solid nitrogenous fertilizer, and will not introduce it
Its salt ion.
The present invention does not do specific restriction to excrement, it is preferred that excrement is that human faecal mass and feces of livestock and poultry are one or more.
Further, feces of livestock and poultry is in sheep dung, cow dung, pig manure, horsehit, chicken manure, duck excrement, rabbit excrement and pigeon excrement
It is one or more.
Further, feces of livestock and poultry is the mixture of one or both of sheep dung and cow dung.
Feces of livestock and poultry in the present invention can with gasket materials, feed stubble mixed-stacking and generate matting through microbial action
Fertilizer, then mix use.Barnyard manure is rich in organic matter and various nutrients, it is possible to provide plant nutrient contains a large amount of microorganisms in barnyard manure
And various enzymes (protease, urase, phosphorylase), promote organic nitrogen, phosphorus to become inorganic states, it is for crop absorption.And soil can be made
Calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium etc. form stable comple in earth, reduce to phosphorus fixation, improve available phosphorus content.Barnyard manure can also conditioned soil
Earth structure, culture fertility improve fertilizer conservation, the water holding capacity of soil.
The present invention does not do specific restriction to biomass carbon, and biomass carbon refers to raw from modern biotechnology energy industry
Generated graininess or powdered black solid charcoal product after pyrolytic cracking or gasification.Preferably, biomass carbon is rice husk
The fast pyrolysis powdered carbon of powder, the particle charcoal of fruit tree sawdust thermal cracking at a slow speed, corn stover and wheat stalk particle it is hot at a slow speed
Crack obtained particle or powdery carbon.It is furthermore preferred that biomass carbon is the solid product charcoal after powdered rice hulls fast pyrolysis.
The present invention gives up limb sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon as raw material using fruit tree, and nitrogen fertilizer amount is with purity nitrogen
Meter, fruit tree give up limb sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 40-45:3-8:30-35:15-20, it is seen then that
Invention can largely be given up limb using fruit tree, and by these fruit tree wastes, by proper treatment, to be converted into available ecology organic
Fertilizer is the effective means of its resource utilization, realizes the recycling of the useless limb of fruit tree, solves fruit tree waste bulk deposition
Fire hazard caused by and and organic resources loss, are conducive to environmental protection and the reasonable utilization of organic resource.
The embodiment of the present invention does not do specific restriction to the blending sequence of sawdust and nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon, can
First to spray on nitrogenous fertilizer solution to sawdust, then blended again with excrement and biomass carbon, it can also be first by sawdust and excrement and life
The blending of substance charcoal, then nitrogenous fertilizer solution is sprayed, sawdust can also be blended together with excrement, biomass carbon and nitrogenous fertilizer, no matter be blended
Sequence how, purpose is exactly to make sawdust and nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon blending more evenly.Consider feces of livestock and poultry
Viscosity is larger, first will on nitrogenous fertilizer spray solution to sawdust, sawdust can preferably sufficiently mixed even with nitrogenous fertilizer, be conducive to
The adjusting of sawdust carbon-nitrogen ratio is conducive to the compost ferment effect in later period, then blends feces of livestock and poultry again, finally blend biomass
Charcoal.
Preferably, the step of sawdust being blended with nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon include:
(1) nitrogenous fertilizer is made into the nitrogenous fertilizer solution of 10-20%, by the nitrogenous fertilizer spray solution to the sawdust,
During sprinkling, lasting overturn stirs the sawdust, is uniformly mixed, obtains the first mixture；
(2) excrement is mixed with first mixture, is uniformly mixed, obtains the second mixture；
(3) biomass carbon is mixed with second mixture, is uniformly mixed, obtains third mixture；
(4) water is sprayed on the third mixture, during sprinkling, lasting overturn stirs the third mixing
Material, the humidity for controlling the third mixture is 45%-50%, obtains the compost material.
Further, in above-mentioned steps (1), the present invention does not do specific limitation to the compound concentration of nitrogenous fertilizer solution,
Compound concentration is too big, insufficient with other material mixs, influences the uniformity, and compound concentration is too small, can make the humidity of mixture
It is too big, influence the compost fermentation in later period, it is preferred that nitrogenous fertilizer is made into the nitrogenous fertilizer solution of 10-20%, it is further preferred that nitrogenous fertilizer is made into
15% nitrogenous fertilizer solution, and urea liquid being sprayed on sawdust using spraying machine or spraying machine, during sprinkling, it is artificial or
Machinery overturns stirring sawdust, it is made all to be sprayed onto urea liquid as far as possible.
In the present invention, the place of compost fermentation can be selected in hardened ground or set up defences on unhardened ground upper berth and only leak
Plastic cloth, or in the compost fermentation groove of compost factory.The sawdust of stoichiometry is spread out and is placed on operation ground or modeling
Expect on cloth or in composting fermentating groove.
In above-mentioned steps (2), the present invention can be by the dry or wet sheep dung or cow dung or pig manure etc. of stoichiometry
Feces of livestock and poultry organic fertilizer, which is uniformly spread, to be applied on sawdust layer, and manually or Mixing Machine turns over sawdust and feces of livestock and poultry organic fertilizer
Mix be mixed it is even.
In above-mentioned steps (3), the present invention does not do specific restriction to the granularity of biomass carbon, can be powdery or particle
Shape, it is certainly contemplated that arriving the mix uniformity, granularity should not be too big, may be selected granularity identical with sawdust, and preferably 5 millimeters and less
Aperture, more preferable 3 millimeters.It spreads during applying or spreads after applying, manually or mechanically sufficiently mix biomass charcoal powder with other mixtures
It is mixed even.
In above-mentioned steps (4), water is sprayed on third mixture with spray thrower, it is lasting to overturn during sprinkling
Third mixture is stirred, third mixture is humidified uniformly and arrives water content 45%-50%, preferably 47%, avoid bright water from flowing out.
In the present invention, compost is aerobic compost or anaerobism compost, and the embodiment of the present invention is not to the process of compost fermentation
Do specific restriction.
One embodiment of the invention proposes a kind of production method of charcoal base synergy compost, on the basis of aforementioned blending,
The present embodiment uses aerobic compost, and process flow chart is as shown in Figure 1.
Specifically, the aerobic compost includes: to stack compost material for strip heap or taper heap, be placed on open area or
Compost is fermented in organic fertilizer fermentation slot, primary every the stirring of overturning in 7-10 days, and shower water, its humidity is made to maintain 45%-
50%, obtain decomposed compost；Wherein, the compost duration: summer is 20-40 days, and spring or autumn are 50-70 days, winter
It is 80-100 days.It is decomposed to be differentiated according to temperature measurement or compost smell in fermentation process.
Another embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of production method of charcoal base synergy compost, on the basis of aforementioned blending
On, the present embodiment uses anaerobism compost, and process flow chart is as shown in Figure 2.
Specifically, the anaerobism compost includes: that the compost material being uniformly mixed, humidity is suitable is placed on hardened place or ground
Face is laid with above anti-permeating plastics cloth, piles circular cone pile or strip heap, can be covered with cob, clay mud or plastic cloth and film, to the greatest extent may be used
It can seal, compost is fermented under natural temperature, obtains decomposed compost；Wherein, the compost duration: summer is 20-40 days, the spring
Season or autumn are 50-70 days, and winter is 80-100 days.It is decomposed to be differentiated according to temperature measurement or compost smell in fermentation process.
The present embodiment also may be selected to carry out compost fermentation in organic fertilizer factory fermentation tank；Wherein, the compost duration:
15-20 days or so.
It should be noted that compost is preferably placed in compost house.If outdoor compost can also be used in no compost house, but necessary
Appropriate place is selected, in order to avoid because of solarization, drenching with rain and wind, nutrient is caused to be lost.
Compost mainly utilizes the effect of multiple-microorganism, by plant Organic residues, carries out mineralization, humification and harmless
Change, make the nutrient of the organic of various complexity, is converted into soluble nutrient and humus, while utilizing height generated when accumulating
Warm (60-70 DEG C) kills brought germ, worm's ovum and weed seed in raw material, achievees the purpose that innoxious.Therefore, it is
Acquisition high-quality compost is that the vital movement of microorganism creates good condition, is to speed up by fair means or foul during composting
Compost maturity and the key for improving fertilizer efficiency.
In the present invention, it is a kind of without organic to refer to that various organic materials are formed after aerobic or anaerobic fermentation for decomposed compost
Putrefactive odor or feces of livestock and poultry stink, and have the compost product of organic matter fragrant.
The method of the present invention is after fruit tree to be given up to limb sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon blending, to ferment to obtain through compost
Charcoal base synergy compost.For the present invention by conventional compostation material and the common compost of biomass carbon, the two complementation is reciprocal, and biomass carbon can drop
The ammonia volatilization of low conventional compostation protects the nutrient in compost, provides for compost microbe and inhabit playground, promotes compost material
Humification, improve compost humus material content, promote compost in harmful substance degradation.Life is added in compost material
Substance charcoal obtains compost than being not added with biomass charcoal powder compost with more preferable reclamation result and fertilizer efficiency.
It should be noted that conventional compostation be using various plant residues (crop straw, weeds, fallen leaves, tendril, peat,
Rubbish, vegetable waste, food waste etc.) it is primary raw material, people and animals' fecaluria is mixed through organic fertilizer made of composting decomposition.Firstly, often
Rule compost material is rarely employed fruit tree and gives up limb as compost material, and fruit tree is given up, and limb is mainly used for plate, mushroom cultivates material；
Secondly, conventional compostation material does not use biomass charcoal powder.In order to be different from the compost for not adding biomass charcoal powder, biomass will be added
The compost of powdered carbon is known as charcoal base synergy compost.
Cellular structure and stronger adsorption capacity of the present invention using biomass carbon, can enhance soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping energy
Power, biomass carbon is rich in stability carbon, and contains a certain amount of mineral nutrient element, can give back nutrient element to soil.The most
It is important that biomass carbon can be reserved for centuries to thousand or more time, in the soil by soil physics, chemistry in the soil
And biological effect rear surface can gradually form some new adsorption functional groups, can further improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, it can
It improves soil organic carbon quickly, greatly shortens the time required to improvement of soil fertility.
Biomass carbon is added to after carrying out compost in compost material, after being manured into soil with compost, can be brought into soil surely
Determine carbon, so that organic carbon content in soil can be improved, can also improve the retain water and nutrients ability of soil, farming area in Zuogong soil fertility；
Biomass carbon improves compost compost effect, has adsorbed soluble nutrient in compost, reduces the nutrient after compost is manured into soil
Loss；The alkalinity of biomass carbon has regulated and controled the acid of compost fermentation generation, provides useful environment for compost fermentation microorganism, promotes
The formation of compost humus increases compost humus content, can provide more humic substances to soil；Meanwhile compost material
The nutrient of biomass carbon can be supplemented, the defect of the low mineral nutrient of biomass carbon high-carbon is eliminated.Compost microbe can also pass through biology
Oxidation and chemical oxidation effect increase the water suction of biomass carbon and adsorb the functional group of nutrient, so as to improve biomass carbon in soil
In agronomy effect.
Charcoal base synergy compost produced by the invention humic matter more more than existing conventional compostation, better soil improvement
Effect and crop fertilizer efficiency, fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer efficiency better than the physical blend of sawdust, feces of livestock and poultry, nitrogenous fertilizer and biomass carbon；Charcoal base
Synergy compost had not only had the trophism of organic fertilizer, but also had the effect for being substantially better than conventional compostation farming area in Zuogong soil, also had
The effect of carbon emission reduction is a kind of green fertilizer.
Charcoal base synergy compost production technology of the invention both can be in peasant household's Courtyard production, can also be in organic fertilizer factory
Large-scale production provides a new technological approaches for the useless limb resource agricultural Soil Utilization of fruit tree.
Applied in agricultural or production of forestry by the charcoal base synergy compost that the above method produces, for agricultural soil improvement and
Fertilizing, it is preferred that the charcoal base synergy compost compost is for orchard soil fertilizing improvement.
Specifically, the application method of charcoal base synergy compost of the present invention includes: manually to spread fertilizer over the fields charcoal base synergy compost in soil table
Behind face, the compost rotary tillage is ploughed under in soil with rotary cultivator；Or ditched with machinery, which is imposed in dressing furrow, then
Tu Fugaishifeigou is played with machinery.The amount of application per acre of the charcoal base synergy compost can determine according to the situation of soil, preferably
, when the charcoal base synergy compost is for orchard soil fertilizing improvement, amount of application is 1 ton -5 tons per acre, specific optimum fertilizing amount root
According to after dose gradient test soil and crop fertilizer efficiency reaction determined.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to embodiment.Following embodiment is for illustrating this
Invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the invention.
Biomass carbon is the rice husk powdered carbon generated after biological energy enterprise fast pyrolysis powdered rice hulls, and granularity is not more than
1mm.When nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, nitrogen content is 46% or more.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide a kind of charcoal base synergy compost, using anaerobism compost technique produce, specifically include with
Lower step:
(1) cherry tree and peach are given up into the crushing of limb branch crushing machine for the sawdust less than 5mm, by 4200kg sawdust heap
It is placed on fermentation place, is paved into wide ribbon thin layer；
(2) 1087kg urea is added into 4348kg water, is configured to 20% urea liquid, it, will during machinery overturns
Urea liquid spray is mixed even to mixing on sawdust, obtains sawdust+urea mixture；
(3) 3200kg sheep dung is spread and is taped against on the mixture of step (2), machinery overturns, and mixes and is mixed even, obtains sawdust+urine
Element+sheep dung mixture；
(4) 2100kg biomass carbon (rice husk powdered carbon) powder is spread and is taped against on the mixture of step (3), machinery overturns, and mixes mixed
Uniformly, sawdust+urea+sheep dung+biomass charcoal powder mixed material is obtained；
(5) during machinery overturns, then tap water is sprayed, the humidity of the mixed material of step (4) is made to reach 45%,
No bright water outflow mixes and is mixed even, obtains compost material；
(6) compost material of step (5) is piled into bar stack in hardened place, is got up with plastic foil capping, summer heap
It is 30 days rotten, decomposed compost can be obtained.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of charcoal base synergy compost, using aerobic compost technique produce, specifically include with
Lower step:
It (1) is the sawdust less than 5mm by cherry tree and the crushing of peach Pruning Away Branches branch crushing machine, by 4100kg sawdust heap
It is placed in fermentation tank；
(2) 870kg urea is added into 7830kg water, is configured to 10% urea liquid, during machinery overturns, will urinated
On plain solution spraying to sawdust, mixes and be mixed even, obtain sawdust+urea mixture；
(3) 3100kg cow dung is spread and is taped against on the mixture of step (2), machinery overturns, and mixes and is mixed even, obtains sawdust+urine
Element+cow dung mixture；
(4) 1600kg biomass charcoal powder (rice husk powdered carbon) is spread and is taped against on the mixture of step (3), machinery overturns, and mixes mixed
Uniformly, sawdust+urea+cow dung+biomass charcoal powder mixed material is obtained；
(5) during machinery overturns, then tap water is sprayed, the humidity of the mixed material of step (4) is made to reach 48%,
No bright water outflow mixes and is mixed even, obtains compost material；
(6) it is placed on the compost material of step (5) is outdoor in fermentation tank, cock heap, compost fermentation, every 7-10
It, overturns stirring once, and shower water, its humidity is made to maintain 45%-50%, and no bright water outflow then proceedes to compost, winter
Compost 90 days, decomposed compost can be obtained.
Comparative example
A kind of conventional compostation is present embodiments provided, compared with Example 1, does not add biomass carbon, is specifically included following
Step:
(1) cherry tree and peach are given up into the crushing of limb branch crushing machine for the sawdust less than 5mm, by 4200kg sawdust heap
It is placed on fermentation place, is paved into wide ribbon thin layer；
(2) 1087kg urea is added into 4348kg water, is configured to 20% urea liquid, it, will during machinery overturns
Urea liquid spray is mixed even to mixing on sawdust, obtains sawdust+urea mixture；
(3) 3200kg sheep dung is spread and is taped against on the mixture of step (2), machinery overturns, and mixes and is mixed even, obtains sawdust+urine
Element+sheep dung mixture；
(4) during machinery overturns, then tap water is sprayed, the humidity of the mixed material of step (3) is made to reach 45%,
No bright water outflow mixes and is mixed even, obtains compost material；
(5) compost material of step (4) is piled into bar stack in hardened place, is got up with plastic foil capping, summer heap
It is 30 days rotten, decomposed compost can be obtained.
By raw material, composition and the compost class of the conventional compostation in the charcoal base synergy compost and comparative example of above-described embodiment 1-2
Type is listed in Table 1.
Raw material, composition and the compost type of 1 compost of table
Field fertilizer efficiency effect
1 fruit tree sawdust composting test overview
1.1 fruit tree sawdust composting materials
The cherry tree of experiment station, peach trimming branch is mainly utilized in fruit tree sawdust composting material, and including peach nursery
The limb of Shi Shantao stock tree, fruit tree give up the crushing of limb branch electric crusher as the sawdust less than 5mm.Feces of livestock and poultry test
Cow dung, sheep dung organic fertilizer, use sheep dung 2017 years, have used cow dung within 2018；Biomass charcoal powder rice husk powdered carbon comes
The powdered carbon generated from after Mr. Yu's bioenergy enterprise fast pyrolysis powdered rice hulls, granularity is equal to less than 1mm.What nitrogenous fertilizer used
It is urea, nitrogen content is 46% or more.
The processing of 1.2 composting tests
Composting test processing is only provided with conventional compostation, charcoal base synergy two, compost processing；Conventional compostation material is fruit tree
Sawdust, cow dung (or sheep dung) and urea；Charcoal base synergy compost material be fruit tree sawdust, cow dung (or sheep dung), biomass charcoal powder and
Urea；Moisture is to adjust humidity, provides required moisture for microbial activities.
The applied charcoal base synergy compost of field fertilizer efficiency in 2017 is that cherry+peach mixes sawdust+nitrogenous fertilizer (urea)+sheep dung
+ biomass charcoal powder (rice hull carbon), comparison compost are conventional compostation, that is, are free of the compost of biomass charcoal powder, mixed for cherry+peach
Close sawdust+nitrogenous fertilizer (urea)+sheep dung.
The applied charcoal base synergy compost of field fertilizer efficiency in 2018 is that cherry+peach mixes sawdust+nitrogenous fertilizer (urea)+cow dung
+ biomass charcoal powder (rice hull carbon), comparison compost are conventional compostation, that is, are free of the compost of biomass charcoal powder, mixed for cherry+peach
Close sawdust+nitrogenous fertilizer (urea)+cow dung.
1.3 field fertilizer efficiency
Field fertilizer efficiency uses cell and repeats to test, and tests one, peach processing, 10 peach, tests cherry tree one
8 trees of a processing, processing are repeated four times.It is more consistent that test is selected in fruit variety, carries out in the more similar tree row of growth.?
Uniform bedding soil applies test process fertilizer in wide 80 centimetres of tree row under cherry tree crown, wide 60 centimetres of the tree under peach tree crown
Uniformly bedding soil applies test process fertilizer in row, is manually ploughed under fertilizer in soil with spade.Every processing dose is every year
0.45 ton, also 8 trees of cherry tree are applied fertilizer 450 kilograms, 10 trees of peach are applied fertilizer 450 kilograms.
Field fertilizer efficiency processing setting are as follows:
1) habits fertilization (the long-term fertilizer application mode in experiment station orchard)；
2) conventional compostation (comparative example)；
3) charcoal base synergy compost (embodiment 1 and embodiment 2)；
In field, first sequence arranges test process, then adjusts processing position again, same treatment is avoided to be repetitively appearing in phase
The same position of neighbour's tree row.
Compost manure trial in 2 years positions progress in cherry, peach, so-called location test be 2 years test process and
Duplicate position carries out in the same geographical location, and the fertilizer efficiency effect of observable continuous administration compost is tested by located fertilization.
The influence of 2 pairs of soil physico-chemical properties
Continuous 2 years composts in 2017,2018, the pedotheque before acquisition is tested respectively, the soil-like during test
Product and the pedotheque after test 2 years, are respectively determined the soil organism, water content, bulk density etc., and to measurement result
It is analyzed, so as to the related properties of soil before and after comparative test.
2.1 the soil organism
Surface layer 0-15 cm layer of soil is acquired as pedotheque, to the content of organic matter of pedotheque on June 4th, 2018
It is measured, obtains the measured value (in terms of %) of soil organic matter content, be shown in Table 2.
The measured value (in terms of %) (2018.6.4) of 2 soil organic matter content of table
From Table 2, it can be seen that soil organic matter content can be improved by applying charcoal base synergy compost and conventional compostation, but
It is that charcoal base synergy compost is more preferable than the effect of conventional compostation, and speed is faster.
The soil organism is after continuous 2 years composts in 2017,2018 in the pedotheque point of in June, 2018 acquisition
Analysis is as a result, in April, 2017 fertilising has gone through 1 year soil physics, chemistry and biological effect, organic fertilizer organic matter warp
Decomposition has been crossed, has applied second of compost, acquisition on June 12 pedotheque, because of second of fertilizer on May 12nd, 2018
It only experienced the soil physics, chemistry and biological effect of more times in January, it is most of not yet to decompose, therefore the soil organism is surveyed
Determine result only to reflect after fertilising in 2017 in soil the case where residual organic matter, illustrates that applying fruit tree sawdust compost organic fertilizer helps
In raising soil organic matter content, and charcoal base novel compost charcoal base synergy compost raising soil organic matter content is more effective, speed
Degree is faster.
2.2 Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils
On June 4th, 2018, acquisition surface layer 0-15 cm layer of soil hand over the cation in pedotheque as pedotheque
The amount of changing is measured, and is obtained the measured value (in terms of cmol/kg) of Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils, is shown in Table 3.
The measured value (in terms of cmol/kg) (2018.6.4) of 3 Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils of table
As can be seen from Table 3: Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils is an important indicator of soil fertility, with soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping
And water supply feeder capability is related, it is also related with buffering power of soil.Orchard soil applies conventional compostation and charcoal base synergy compost is equal
The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of test soil can be improved, and the raising test Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils effect of charcoal base synergy compost is more bright
Aobvious, this and organic matter in compost, humus adsorption capacity especially therein are related greatly；In addition, the life in charcoal base synergy compost
Substance charcoal is also the material with high absorption capacity, and to improving, Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils is quick and significant.
2.3 soil moisture
Respectively 2017 and 2018, surface layer 0-15 cm layer of soil is acquired as pedotheque, in pedotheque
Moisture content is measured, and is obtained the measured value (in terms of %) of soil water content, is shown in Table 4.
4 soil water content measured value of table (in terms of %)
As can be seen from Table 4: after test orchard soil applies conventional compostation and charcoal base synergy compost, test soil can be improved
Soil moisture content, and charcoal base synergy compost improves the effect of soil moisture content and is higher by conventional fertilizer application nearly 9%, this and charcoal base increase
It imitates biomass carbon itself water holding capacity in compost and its promotes compost humification during common compost, increase compost humic
Related in the effect for improving retention capacity of soil after matter content, therefore, charcoal base synergy compost improves the effect of retention capacity of soil
It is more preferable than conventional compostation.
2.4 the soil weight
Respectively on September 27, and on August 24th, 2,018 2017, acquisition surface layer 0-15 cm layer of soil as pedotheque,
The bulk density of pedotheque is measured, the measured value (g/cm of the soil weight is obtained3), it is shown in Table 5.
Measured value (the g/cm of 5 soil weight of table3)
As can be seen from Table 5: two annual soil weight measurement results show to apply conventional compostation and charcoal base synergy compost is equal
Can the more apparent reduction soil weight, this to improve soil property heavy soil it is advantageous, so as to improve the voidage and ventilation of clay soil
Water penetration is conducive to plant root growth.And charcoal base synergy compost improves soil aggregate structure and gap structure in addition to organic matter
Outside, biomass charcoal powder also plays the role of improving soil aggregate structure and gap structure, and charcoal base synergy compost improves the soil weight
Effect is better than conventional compostation, and therefore, charcoal base synergy compost is compost more better than conventional compostation fertilizer efficiency effect.
The influence of 3 pairs of plant growths and fruit quality
The solid content (pol) of test Tree Fruit is measured, the trunk diameter of test fruit tree is surveyed
It is fixed and for statistical analysis to measurement result.
The content (pol) of 3.1 cherry fruit solid contents
In June, 2017, the fruit of acquisition test cherry tree are measured the solid content (pol) of cherry fruit,
Cherry fruit solid content (pol) (in terms of %) is obtained, is shown in Table 6.
6 cherry fruit solid content (pol) (in terms of %) of table
As can be seen from Table 6: cherry fruit solid content (pol) can be improved in charcoal base synergy compost, and conventional compostation is changing
Not yet show in kind cherry fruit solid content or its fertilizer efficiency is not yet stable.
The content (pol) of 3.2 peach fruit solid contents
On August 2nd, 2017, the fruit of acquisition test peach, is measured the solid content (pol) of peach fruit,
Peach Content of solids (pol) (in terms of %) is obtained, is shown in Table 7.
7 peach Content of solids (pol) (in terms of %) of table
As can be seen from Table 7: conventional compostation and the peach Content of solids of charcoal base synergy compost fertilising are above habit
The peach Content of solids of fertilising illustrates that compost has remarkable effect on improving fruit quality, and improvement is with charcoal base
Synergy compost is the most significant.Thus, charcoal base synergy compost is compost more better than conventional compostation fertilizer efficiency.
The trunk diameter of 3.3 test fruit trees
Since tree height is the height after setting trunk decaptitating, its height is artificially controlled, it is difficult to reflect the growing way of tree.Set growing way
It is to be reflected with measuring the fineness degree that tree girth diameter is set.Trunk diameter is measured before test (apart from about 20 centimetres of ground master
It is dry), trunk diameter is measured again after testing second year, judges whether have effect poor between fertilizer treatment by statisticalling analyze
It is different.
The determined diameter (in terms of mm) and statistical analysis for testing cherry tree trunk, are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 tests the determined diameter (in terms of mm) and statistical analysis of cherry tree trunk
It can be seen that test process effect up to the level of signifiance from the variance analysis of table 8, illustrate to exist between test process effect aobvious
Write difference.Doing further LSD Multiple range test analysis to treatment effect can be seen that in LSD0.05And LSD0.01Under level, charcoal base synergy
Effect illustrates that applying conventional compostation and charcoal base synergy compost exists there are significant difference between compost and conventional compostation and habits fertilization
Promote have remarkable effect in cherry tree growth.Secondly, although fertilizer efficiency difference on effect between charcoal base synergy compost and conventional compostation
Significant difference is not reached, but the cherry tree tree-walk average value for applying charcoal base synergy compost is also slightly higher than the cherry for applying conventional compostation
Tree-walk is set, difference does not reach the level of signifiance and test period is short certain relationship, with fertilizer treatment protracted test, fertilizer efficiency between processing
Difference can be widened further, and fertilizer efficiency can show more obvious.
The determined diameter (in terms of mm) and statistical analysis for testing peach trunk, are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 tests the determined diameter (in terms of mm) and statistical analysis of peach trunk
From 9 peach tree-walk of table increase data variance analysis can be seen that peach tree-walk increase reach because of fertilizer treatment it is extremely significant
Level, there are significant differences for the fertilizer efficiency effect for illustrating between fertilizer treatment.Doing further LSD Multiple range test analysis to treatment effect can
Find out: in LSD0.05And LSD0.01Under level, there are extremely significant differences between charcoal base synergy compost and conventional compostation and habits fertilization processing
It is different, it is fairly obvious to illustrate that charcoal base synergy compost is showed in peach, also illustrates charcoal base synergy compost fertilizer efficiency effect better than conventional compostation
Fertilizer efficiency effect, also superior to habits fertilization effect.Therefore, charcoal base synergy compost has better crop fertilizer efficiency than conventional compostation.
In conclusion the field fertilizer efficiency by 2 years applies test, organic matter, the cation exchange of soil have during which been surveyed
Amount, moisture content and bulk density, Content of solids (pol) and the trunk diameter etc. for testing fruit tree.Before analysis comparative test
Measurement result afterwards, available such as to draw a conclusion: the charcoal base synergy compost of the embodiment of the present invention and the fertilizer efficiency of conventional compostation are all excellent
In the fertilizer efficiency of habits fertilization, further, the fertilizer efficiency of charcoal base synergy compost of the invention is better than the fertilizer efficiency of conventional compostation, because
And charcoal base synergy compost is compost more better than conventional compostation fertilizer efficiency.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, according to
According to technical spirit any simple modification, equivalent change and modification to the above embodiments of the invention, this hair is still fallen within
In the range of bright technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of production method of charcoal base synergy compost characterized by comprising
Fruit tree limb of giving up is crushed as sawdust；
The sawdust and nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon are blended, compost material is obtained；
The compost material is subjected to compost, after decomposed, obtains charcoal base synergy compost；
Wherein, nitrogen fertilizer amount is in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 40-45:3-8:
30-35:15-20。
2. the production method of charcoal base synergy compost according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The step of sawdust is blended with nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon include:
The nitrogenous fertilizer is made into the nitrogenous fertilizer solution of 10-20%, by the nitrogenous fertilizer spray solution to the sawdust, in sprinkling process
In, lasting overturn stirs the sawdust, is uniformly mixed, obtains the first mixture；
The excrement is mixed with first mixture, is uniformly mixed, obtains the second mixture；
The biomass carbon is mixed with second mixture, is uniformly mixed, obtains third mixture；
Water is sprayed on the third mixture, during sprinkling, lasting overturn stirs the third mixture, controls institute
The humidity for stating third mixture is 45%-50%, obtains the compost material.
3. the production method of charcoal base synergy compost according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The useless limb of the fruit tree is one of trimming branch, bough and trunk of fruit tree or a variety of；
The fruit tree includes cherry tree, peach, apple tree, actinidia tree, pear tree, Japanese plum, thornbuss, jujube tree, orange tree, plate
One of chestnut, persimmon tree and walnut are a variety of；
The granularity of the sawdust is not more than 5 millimeters.
4. the production method of charcoal base synergy compost according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The excrement include one of sheep dung, cow dung, pig manure, horsehit, chicken manure, duck excrement, rabbit excrement and pigeon excrement or
It is a variety of.
5. the production method of charcoal base synergy compost according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The nitrogenous fertilizer is one of urea, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate or a variety of.
6. the production method of charcoal base synergy compost according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
Nitrogen fertilizer amount in terms of purity nitrogen, the sawdust, nitrogenous fertilizer, excrement and biomass carbon mass ratio be 40-45:5:30-35:
15-20。
7. the production method of charcoal base synergy compost according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The compost is aerobic compost, comprising: the compost material stacked for strip heap or taper heap, compost is fermented, every
The stirring of overturning in 7-10 days is primary, and shower water, so that its humidity is maintained 45%-50%, obtains decomposed compost；
Wherein, the compost duration: summer is 20-40 days, and spring, autumn or winter are 60-100 days.
8. the production method of charcoal base synergy compost according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The compost is anaerobism compost, comprising: the compost material is piled circular cone pile or strip heap, is sealed, compost fermentation obtains
To decomposed compost；
Wherein, the compost duration: summer is 20-40 days, and spring, autumn or winter are 60-100 days.
9. a kind of charcoal base synergy compost, which is characterized in that
The charcoal base synergy compost is described in any one of claim 1-8.
10. charcoal base synergy compost as claimed in claim 9 is applied in agricultural or production of forestry.
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