CN104885612A - Method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing residual rural waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing residual rural waste, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The saline-alkali soil is improved by utilizing materials such as residual straws in rural areas, branches, abandoned fungus bran and the like; the residual materials are crushed to obtain crushed materials; the crushed materials are mixed with the saline-alkali soil and loam soil in certain proportion to obtain a mixture; the mixture is laid in a to-be-planted area with a laying thickness determined according to a planting variety; and thoroughly-decomposed poultry manure and livestock manure are applied to the bottom of the mixture. According to the method, the fertility of the soil can be remarkably improved and the environment is cleaned while the structure of the saline-alkali soil is improved.

Description

A method of improving saline-alkali land by utilizing rural residual waste

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a measure for improving the soil structure of saline-alkali land by using rural residues such as straw, branches, discarded fungus chaff and the like.

Background technique:

As a type of land resources, saline-alkali soil resources are widely distributed in the world and are also an important land resource. As the population grows, the area of cultivated land decreases, and a large number of forests, grasslands, and wetlands are reclaimed as cultivated land for intensive management, which destroys the original vegetation and soil structure, and leads to aggravation of land salinization. These lands are becoming abandoned land, which has seriously restricted the development of local agriculture, animal husbandry and social economy, and the control of saline-alkali land has become a worldwide problem. There are also great differences in the improvement methods of saline-alkali land. Judging from the current domestic and foreign research progress, they mainly focus on the research of salt-tolerant plants, mulch improvement and chemical additives.

The patent with the publication number CN104285533A introduces a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using agricultural stalks. The method uses corn stalks and bran as raw materials to prepare a medium, puts the medium into polyethylene bags, sterilizes and cools, and then inoculates and cultivates to When the mycelium is mature, ditches are dug in the cultivated land during the idle period, the mature mycelium is removed from the bag and placed in the ditch, covered with soil, compacted and watered, and mature edible fungi are collected. This method uses agricultural straw waste resources to cultivate land in the idle period. Sowing mycelium can increase the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in arable land, reduce soil alkalinity, and is beneficial to the growth of crops. However, this method is limited by seasons, and the planting variety is single, so it cannot transform the soil structure of saline-alkali land.

The patent with the publication number CN103771911A introduces a method of using industrial silicon-calcium board waste to produce medium-element acidic soil conditioner. The method is to use silicon-calcium board, white mud, dolomite, etc. , after ball milling, drying, molding processing, roasting activation, cooling, pulverization, the mineral nutrition type acidic soil conditioner is obtained, the acidic soil conditioner product prepared by this method can adjust the physical and chemical properties of acidic or saline-alkali soil, and improve the quality of the soil. Medium to medium trace element levels. However, this method has complicated manufacturing process and high cost, cannot improve the soil structure of saline-alkali land, and has no persistence.

The patent with publication number CN103288555A introduces a method of soil improvement, which is made of fermented animal manure, crop stalk ash powder, bexenix powder, and diammonia. This method can provide a large amount of organic matter and improve soil structure, to improve the growth quality of plants in saline-alkali land, but this method newly increases the forbidden bexenix powder and has little use of rural residues, and its persistence is low.

The patent with publication number CN102217438A introduces a saline-alkali land improvement method, which solves the technical problem that the pH value of the existing saline-alkali land soil is above 10 and is not suitable for plant growth, but this method needs to be repeated, has no persistence, and uses a single substance. Has no effect on soil structure.

The patent with the publication number CN102077710A introduces a method of improving saline-alkali land by using bio-organic fertilizers. The method classifies domestic waste and uses kitchen waste, animal and plant residues, and sludge after wastewater treatment to be composted. , can significantly increase soil organic matter and mineral nutrients such as alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in saline-alkali land, but this method does not involve straw, branches, waste fungus chaff, poultry and livestock manure, etc. rural surplus.

The control of saline-alkali land is a worldwide problem. With the development of science and technology, more and more additives are applied to the improvement of saline-alkali land. Rhoades proposed adding calcium-containing substances to replace sodium adsorbed on the surface of soil colloids or applying acid or acidic substances. The former Soviet Union used calcium chloride, a by-product of the soda-making industry, and sulfuric acid, a by-product of the rubber industry, to improve soda salinization and alkali-soil. Sharma studies the use of pyrite as an amendment for reclamation of alkalized soils, reducing soil pH. Allison et al. use artificially synthesized polymers to improve the soil. Domestic reports use phosphogypsum, a by-product of the production of high-concentration phosphate fertilizers, and citric acid slag discharged from citric acid plants to eliminate pollutants such as sulfur oxides produced during coal combustion. The by-product desulfurization gypsum in the new process of sulfur plant and the residual biogas residue and biogas slurry after biogas production are used to improve alkaline soil. Wang Wenjie and others made a detailed analysis of the effect of planting different plants after improving the physical and chemical structure of soil by applying polymers (HPMA and PAA, etc.).

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the soil structure of saline-alkali land by using the remaining waste in rural areas. A large amount of straw, branches, discarded fungus chaff and poultry and livestock manure are produced in rural areas every year. It is difficult to grow, and these rural residues can be crushed and added to the saline-alkali soil to effectively improve the soil structure and use plant roots to grow.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes: firstly, collect residues such as straws, branches and discarded fungus chaff, and carry out crushing treatment. These crushed objects are mixed with saline-alkali soil and loam in a certain proportion, and the mixture is laid in the intended planting area. , The paving thickness is determined according to the planting species, and the decomposed poultry and livestock manure is applied at the bottom of the mixture, which can significantly increase the fertility and clean the environment while improving the soil structure of the saline-alkali land.

Rural residues include straw, twigs, discarded mushroom chaff, and poultry and livestock manure.

Rural residues such as straw, twigs, and discarded fungus chaff should be crushed, and poultry and livestock manure should be decomposed.

The mixing ratio of crushed straw, branches, waste fungus chaff, saline-alkali soil and loam soil is 1:1:1.

The thickness of the mixture is 20-30cm for shallow-rooted plants such as corn, sorghum, and vegetables, and 40cm for deep-rooted plants such as trees.

The thickness of decomposed poultry and livestock manure at the bottom of the mixture is 10 cm.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. The present invention utilizes a large amount of rural residues such as straws, branches, discarded fungus chaff, poultry and livestock dung, improves the utilization rate of rural residual wastes, and can control the rural environment at the same time.

2. The present invention mixes the crushed straw, branches, discarded mushroom chaff and other rural residues with saline-alkali soil and loam soil to improve the soil structure of saline-alkali land, enable agricultural planting, improve land utilization rate, and expand land resources.

Detailed ways:

The implementation of the present invention will be further described in detail below: firstly collect residues such as stalks, twigs and waste fungus chaff, and carry out crushing treatment. According to the planting varieties, applying decomposed poultry and livestock manure at the bottom of the mixture can significantly increase the fertility and clean the environment while improving the soil structure of the saline-alkali land.

2. The rural residues include straw, twigs, waste fungus chaff and poultry and livestock manure.

3. The rural residues such as straws, twigs, and discarded fungus chaff should be crushed, and poultry and livestock manure should be decomposed.

4. The mixing ratio of the crushed straw, branches, waste fungus chaff, saline-alkali soil and loam soil is 1:1:1.

5. The laying thickness of the mixture is 20-30cm for shallow-rooted plants such as corn, sorghum and vegetables, and 40cm for deep-rooted plants such as trees.

6. The thickness of decomposed poultry and livestock manure at the bottom of the mixture is 10 cm.

Claims (6)

1. the method utilizing rural surplus discarded object to improve saline land, it is characterized in that the material such as stalk, branch, the waste mushroom leftover improvement saline land utilizing rural surplus, first the residues such as stalk, branch and waste mushroom leftover are collected, carry out pulverization process, these crushed materials mix according to a certain percentage with saline-alkali soil, loam, mixture is laid on plan growing area, laying depth is determined according to varieties of plant, the poultry and livestock excrement after becoming thoroughly decomposed is applied bottom mixture, significantly fertility can be increased, cleaning ambient while improving alkaline land soil structure.

2., according to a kind of method utilizing rural surplus discarded object to improve saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rural surplus thing comprises stalk, branch, waste mushroom leftover and poultry and livestock excrement.

3., according to a kind of method utilizing rural surplus discarded object to improve saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the rural surplus things such as described stalk, branch, waste mushroom leftover will be pulverized, and poultry and livestock excrement will become thoroughly decomposed.

4., according to a kind of method utilizing rural surplus discarded object to improve saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mixed proportion of the stalk after described pulverizing, branch, waste mushroom leftover and saline-alkali soil, loam is 1:1:1.

5. according to a kind of method utilizing rural surplus discarded object to improve saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mixture laying depth, for shallow root system plants such as corn, Chinese sorghum, vegetables, thickness 20-30cm, the dark root system plant thickness 40cm such as trees.

6., according to a kind of method utilizing rural surplus discarded object to improve saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the poultry and livestock excrement thickness 10cm become thoroughly decomposed bottom described mixture.