CN113429242A

CN113429242A - Universal planting matrix and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113429242A
Application number: CN202110747689.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贺文员; 陈枫; 黄留辉; 司元春
Original assignee: Shenzhen Bolin Environmental Protection Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Bolin Environmental Protection Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-01
Filing date: 2021-07-01
Publication date: 2021-09-24

Abstract

The application provides a universal planting matrix and a preparation method thereof, wherein the universal planting matrix comprises the following raw materials: compost products and biomass charcoal, wherein the compost products comprise garden waste particles, a decomposing agent and ammonium bicarbonate; the decomposing agent accounts for one thousandth to one hundredth of the total amount of the raw materials, and the ammonium bicarbonate accounts for twelve thousandth to fifteen thousandth of the total amount of the raw materials. The planting substrate has the following advantages: the planting substrate has the effects of air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention far superior to those of natural peat. The planting matrix can be directly used without other auxiliary raw materials. The planting matrix has good water and fertilizer retention effects, and can effectively reduce the maintenance cost in the later period after the plants are planted. The planting medium has rich nutrient content, good water and fertilizer retention effect and strong air permeability, and can effectively reduce the post watering and topdressing times. The main raw materials of the planting matrix are garden wastes in the urban construction process, and urban garbage pollution can be effectively reduced.

Description

Universal planting matrix and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of display screens, in particular to a universal planting matrix and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In order to adapt to the large-scale cultivation application at present, the planting substrate grows as soon as possible, and the planting substrate is a cultivation raw material capable of ensuring the rapid growth of plants. Most of the current planting matrixes come from foreign countries, and the main raw materials are artificially produced peat soil.

Peat soil (peat soil) refers to soil which is deposited in low plain lands and inter-mountain valley lands of certain rivers and lakes, has dense aquatic vegetation due to long-term water accumulation, and accumulates a large amount of insufficiently decomposed plant residues under the condition of oxygen deficiency to form a peat layer. The peat soil has huge water retention and water absorption performance and can be used for manufacturing a physical soil conditioner. Because the high-position peat of peat soil has strong acidity and high exchangeable aluminum content, other supplementary substances are required to be matched to fully exert the fertilizer effect.

At present, the storage amount of natural peat is low, the domestic matrix demand is about sixty thousand tons, the natural peat can not meet the current demand far away, and the generation of the natural peat needs a large amount of time and can not be regenerated at all in a short time once the natural peat is exploited. The planting substrates in the market are different, most of the used mushroom bags are crushed, fermented and reused, and the nutrient content in the substrates needs to be supplemented in the later period in a mode of additional fertilization to ensure that plants can grow normally. In addition, natural peat is used as a planting substrate, and the water permeability is poor.

In view of this, overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art products is an urgent problem to be solved in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem that this application mainly solved provides a general type plants matrix and preparation method thereof, should plant the matrix and can directly use, need not to match other complementary raw materials, should plant the matrix and protect fertile effect better, can effectively reduce the maintenance cost in later stage after the plant is planted, should plant the matrix nutrient content abundantly, protect water to protect fertile effectual, the gas permeability is stronger, can effectively reduce later stage watering and additional fertilizer number of times.

In order to solve the technical problem, the application adopts a technical scheme that: providing a universal planting substrate, wherein the raw materials of the universal planting substrate comprise: a compost product and biomass char, the compost product comprising garden waste particles, a decomposition agent and ammonium bicarbonate; the decomposing agent accounts for one thousandth to one hundredth of the total amount of the raw materials, and the ammonium bicarbonate accounts for twelve thousandth to fifteen thousandth of the total amount of the raw materials.

Preferably, the compost product is in the form of granules, the particle size of the compost product being 1mm, 5mm, 1cm or 2 cm.

Preferably, the universal planting base further comprises: vermiculite.

Preferably, the universal planting substrate further comprises sea sand, and the proportion of the compost product, the sea sand, the vermiculite and the biomass charcoal is 1: 1: 1: 1.

preferably, the universal planting substrate further comprises sea sand, and the proportion of the compost product, the sea sand, the vermiculite and the biomass charcoal is 4:3:2: 1.

preferably, the proportion of the compost product, the vermiculite and the biomass charcoal is 5: 3: 2.

in order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution adopted by the present application is: the preparation method of the universal planting substrate comprises the following steps:

crushing garden waste into particles with specified particle size;

mixing garden waste particles with a decomposing agent, and adding ammonium bicarbonate;

fermenting a mixture formed by garden waste particles, a decomposing agent and ammonium bicarbonate, and then carrying out secondary screening on a fermented finished product to obtain a compost product;

mixing the compost product with a specified material to obtain a planting substrate;

wherein, the decomposing agent accounts for one thousandth to one hundredth of the total amount of the raw materials, and the ammonium bicarbonate accounts for twelve thousandth to fifteen thousandth of the total amount of the raw materials.

Preferably, in the fermentation process, the temperature of the pile naturally rises to about 70-80 ℃ within 2-3 days, and is maintained for 10-15 days until the temperature of the pile naturally falls and is maintained stable for one week continuously, and then the fermentation is judged to be finished.

Preferably, the specified materials include vermiculite and sea sand.

Preferably, the specified material includes perlite, peatmoss, peat soil, coconut coir, rice hull ash, coal slag, or river sand.

The beneficial effect of this application is: the application provides a universal planting matrix and a preparation method thereof, wherein the universal planting matrix comprises the following raw materials: a compost product and biomass char, the compost product comprising garden waste particles, a decomposition agent and ammonium bicarbonate; the decomposing agent accounts for one thousandth to one hundredth of the total amount of the raw materials, and the ammonium bicarbonate accounts for twelve thousandth to fifteen thousandth of the total amount of the raw materials.

The planting substrate has the following advantages: (1) the planting substrate has the effects of air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention far superior to those of natural peat. (2) The planting matrix can be directly used without other auxiliary raw materials. (3) The planting matrix has good water and fertilizer retention effects, and can effectively reduce the maintenance cost in the later period after the plants are planted. (4) The planting medium has rich nutrient content, good water and fertilizer retention effect and strong air permeability, and can effectively reduce the post watering and topdressing times. (5) The main raw materials of the planting matrix are garden wastes in the urban construction process, so that urban garbage pollution can be effectively reduced, and the cyclic utilization of urban resources is promoted.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a universal planting substrate provided in the embodiments of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In this application, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the application. In the following description, details are set forth for the purpose of explanation. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not set forth in detail in order to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary detail. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

It should be noted that, since the method in the embodiment of the present application is executed in the electronic device, the processing objects of each electronic device all exist in the form of data or information, for example, time, which is substantially time information, and it is understood that, if the size, the number, the position, and the like are mentioned in the following embodiments, all corresponding data exist so as to be processed by the electronic device, and details are not described herein.

Example 1:

the application provides a general type planting matrix, the raw materials of general type planting matrix include: a compost product and biomass char, the compost product comprising garden waste particles, a decomposition agent and ammonium bicarbonate; the decomposing agent accounts for one thousandth to one hundredth of the total amount of the raw materials, and the ammonium bicarbonate accounts for twelve thousandth to fifteen thousandth of the total amount of the raw materials.

Wherein the compost product is granular, and the grain size of the compost product is 1mm, 5mm, 1cm or 2 cm.

In an alternative embodiment, the universal planting base comprises: the composite material comprises a compost product, vermiculite, biomass charcoal and sea sand, wherein the proportion of the compost product to the sea sand to the vermiculite to the biomass charcoal is 1: 1: 1: 1.

in an alternative embodiment, the universal planting base comprises: the composite material comprises a compost product, vermiculite, the biomass charcoal and sea sand, wherein the proportion of the compost product to the sea sand to the vermiculite to the biomass charcoal is 4:3:2: 1.

in an alternative embodiment, the universal planting base comprises: compost products, vermiculite and the biomass charcoal, wherein the proportion of the compost products, the vermiculite and the biomass charcoal is 5: 3: 2.

the following is a detailed description of the preparation method of the universal planting base and the comparison of the performances of the universal planting base formed by different materials.

In the embodiment, garden greening garbage is selected as a main production raw material, garden waste generated in the urban construction process is subjected to primary crushing and secondary crushing to form particles with the particle size of 1-2cm, and then the particles are mixed with a decomposition agent, wherein the decomposition agent can accelerate the decomposition of lignin, the consumption of the decomposition agent accounts for about one thousandth to one hundredth of the total amount of the raw material, 12-15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is added to each ton of the raw material, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material is adjusted to 25:1-30:1, the water content is adjusted to about 60%, and large-scale fermentation is carried out. In the fermentation process, the temperature of the pile naturally rises to about 70-80 ℃ within 2-3 days, and is maintained for 10-15 days until the temperature of the pile naturally falls and is maintained stable for one week continuously, and the fermentation is judged to be finished. And (4) carrying out secondary screening on the fermented finished product by using a multilayer comprehensive screening machine, and dividing the fermented finished product into four particles with different particle sizes of 1mm, 5mm, 1cm and 2cm to form compost products with different particle sizes.

The compost product that this embodiment chose is once the regrinding with the gardens discarded object, utilizes high temperature retort pyrolysis carbonization again, separates through cyclone at last, and the cooling forms in the charcoal box.

According to the method, four raw materials of compost products, sea sand, vermiculite and biomass charcoal are selected respectively through reference data in the previous stage, and four different proportioning modes are designed respectively as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 formulation of the different bases

Substrate numbering	Proportioning
		1	Common garden soil
2	Composting products: sea sand: vermiculite: 1, biomass charcoal: 1: 1: 1
		3	Composting products: sea sand: vermiculite: biomass charcoal is 4:3:2:1
4	Composting products: vermiculite: biomass charcoal is 5:2:3

The plant height was found to be higher in each case than in the previous case by measuring the plant height four times (Table 2), but the growth rate of substrate No. 1 was the lowest of the four treatments, and the growth rates in the last three times were 4.39%, 1.17%, and 1.15%, respectively. The growth vigor of the plants of the latter three substrates after the mixture ratio is stronger than that of the No. 1 substrate, and the growth rate of the plants measured in the last three times is higher than that of the No. 1 substrate. The result shows that the substrate after being proportioned is more beneficial to the growth of plants, and the proportion of the No. 3 substrate for shrub growth is more suitable for growth.

TABLE 2 growth vigor of plants at different ratios

After the physicochemical factors in the soil after the substrates with different proportions are measured (table 3), the result shows that the physicochemical factors of the soil in the garden soil, namely the substrate No. 1, are the lowest, and the physicochemical properties of the soil in the substrate No. 3 are the highest, which is most suitable for plant growth, so the substrate No. 3 and the proportion thereof are selected as the universal planting substrate.

TABLE 3 physicochemical properties of the soil at different substrate ratios

In practical use, the substrate 3 in table 1 can be preferably used as a planting substrate, and the substrate 3 is prepared by selecting compost products with the particle size of about 1mm and uniformly mixing the compost products, sea sand, vermiculite and biomass charcoal in a ratio of 4:3:2:1 by a rotary stirrer.

The planting substrate of the embodiment has the following advantages: (1) the planting substrate has the effects of air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention far superior to those of natural peat. (2) The planting matrix can be directly used without other auxiliary raw materials. (3) The planting matrix has good water and fertilizer retention effects, the daily maintenance time is prolonged by 3-5 days compared with similar products, and the maintenance cost in the later period can be effectively reduced after the plants are planted. (4) The planting medium has rich nutrient content, good water and fertilizer retention effect and strong air permeability, and can effectively reduce the post watering and topdressing times. (5) The main raw materials of the planting matrix are garden wastes in the urban construction process, so that urban garbage pollution can be effectively reduced, and the cyclic utilization of urban resources is promoted.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for preparing a universal planting substrate, which comprises the following steps:

step 101: the garden waste is crushed into particles with specified particle size.

Step 102: mixing the garden waste particles with a decomposition agent, and adding ammonium bicarbonate.

Step 103: fermenting the mixture formed by garden waste particles, a decomposing agent and ammonium bicarbonate, and then carrying out secondary screening on the fermented finished product to obtain a compost product.

Step 104: and mixing the compost product, the biomass charcoal and the specified material to obtain the planting matrix.

Specifically, in the fermentation process, the temperature of the pile naturally rises to about 70-80 ℃ within 2-3 days, and is maintained for 10-15 days until the temperature of the pile naturally falls, and is maintained stable for one week continuously, and then the fermentation is judged to be finished.

Wherein the specified materials comprise biomass charcoal, vermiculite and sea sand. The mixture ratio can be specifically carried out according to the mode of the embodiment 1, and different planting matrixes can be obtained.

In a practical application scene, the specified material comprises perlite, turfy soil, peat soil, coconut husk, rice husk ash, coal cinder or river sand.

The planting substrate of the embodiment has the following advantages: (1) the planting substrate has the effects of air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention far superior to those of natural peat. (2) The planting matrix can be directly used without other auxiliary raw materials. (3) The planting matrix has good water and fertilizer retention effects, and can effectively reduce the maintenance cost in the later period after the plants are planted. (4) The planting medium has rich nutrient content, good water and fertilizer retention effect and strong air permeability, and can effectively reduce the post watering and topdressing times. (5) The main raw materials of the planting matrix are garden wastes in the urban construction process, so that urban garbage pollution can be effectively reduced, and the cyclic utilization of urban resources is promoted.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application or are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The universal planting substrate is characterized in that the raw materials of the universal planting substrate comprise: a compost product and biomass char, the compost product comprising garden waste particles, a decomposition agent and ammonium bicarbonate; the decomposing agent accounts for one thousandth to one hundredth of the total amount of the raw materials, and the ammonium bicarbonate accounts for twelve thousandth to fifteen thousandth of the total amount of the raw materials.

2. The universal planting substrate of claim 1, wherein the compost product is granular, and the size of the grain size of the compost product is 1mm, 5mm, 1cm, or 2 cm.

3. The universal planting substrate of claim 1, further comprising: vermiculite.

4. The universal planting substrate of claim 3 further comprising sea sand, wherein the compost product, sea sand, vermiculite, and biomass charcoal are in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1.

5. the universal planting substrate of claim 3 further comprising sea sand, wherein the compost product, sea sand, vermiculite, and biomass charcoal are in a ratio of 4:3:2: 1.

6. the universal planting substrate of claim 3, wherein the ratio of the compost product, vermiculite and biomass charcoal is 5: 3: 2.

7. a preparation method of a universal planting substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

crushing garden waste into particles with specified particle size;

mixing the compost product, the biomass charcoal and a specified material to obtain a planting matrix;

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the pile naturally rises to about 70-80 ℃ within 2-3 days during the fermentation process, and is maintained for 10-15 days until the temperature of the pile naturally falls and is maintained stable for one week, and the fermentation is judged to be completed.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the specified materials include vermiculite and sea sand.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the specified material includes perlite, peatmoss, peat soil, coconut coir, rice hull ash, coal cinder, or river sand.