CN105175044A - Biomass-charcoal-containing composting system and composting method - Google Patents
Biomass-charcoal-containing composting system and composting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass-charcoal-containing composting system and composting method. The biomass-charcoal-containing composting system mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 92-110 parts of basic composting material, 0.3-0.5 part of microbial inoculant and 0.9-1.8 parts of biomass charcoal. The basic composting material comprises sludge and straws, wherein the sludge and straws are mixed, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the basic composting material is 20-30, and the water content of the basic composting material is 50-70%. The method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials for constituting the basic composting material, adding the microbial inoculant and biomass charcoal into the basic composting material, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composting system. A three-step fermentation process is utilized to perform composting fermentation on the composting system for 28-32 days, thereby obtaining the biological compost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological compost technical field, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of composting system and the compost method thereof that contain biomass charcoal.
Background technology
Along with the raising of China's treatment rate of domestic sewage, produce a large amount of mud, if without effective process, very easily secondary pollution is caused to underground water and soil.Mud is compared with feces of livestock and poultry, and organic matter exceeds 2 ~ 3 times, and N-P-K content exceeds more, is the superior raw material making fertilizer.Compost treatment is carried out to mud, not only can contaminated solution problem, turn waste into wealth, and sludge volume can be made to concentrate in a large number, slow down the pressure that mud piles be rivals in a contest mud discharging field and landfill yard in a large number.But, owing to containing a large amount of pathogenic micro-organisms in mud, and the heavy metal that content is higher, carry out compost to utilizing mud and form restriction, how to improve the quality utilizing mud to carry out compost, reducing the harm of heavy metal, is utilize mud to carry out crucial technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in compost.
Two kinds of methods of the raising compost fermentation quality that current application is maximum are add microbiobacterial agent and biomass charcoal respectively.Microbiobacterial agent can play and be rapidly heated in compost fermentation, makes compost microbe increasing number, the effect of the retention rate of active rising and raising organic matter and nitrogen.Biomass charcoal because of its porosity flourishing, specific surface area is large, has the surface functional group of specific activity charcoal more horn of plenty, not only can strengthen compost degree of humification, and compost nitrogen loss can be reduced, strengthen compost quality, receive the extensive concern of Chinese scholars at present.
But, the adding proportion of biomass charcoal is not The more the better, on the one hand, biomass charcoal addition comparatively conference increases compost cost greatly, on the other hand, the adding proportion of biomass charcoal is to the temperature in composting process, pH value, nitric nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content, and the passivation of heavy metal all has direct or indirect impact, therefore, accurately reasonably the quality of adding proportion to compost of biomass charcoal plays vital effect, but, also do not report to provide at present and can either reduce compost cost, the accurate addition of the biomass charcoal of compost quality can be improved again.
In addition, carrying out biological compost at present, to utilize more be agricultural crop straw, and after some Chinese medicinal materialss adopt its its medicinal effects, remaining do not have the part of pharmaceutical use (as the root of large-flowered skullcap, the cauline leaf of chrysanthemum etc.) often can not get good utilization, and not only containing abundant trace element in these parts, and often containing multiple can the degerming alkaloid of desinsection, and progressively strengthen along with the degree of recognition of modern people's centering doctor, medicinal material demand increases year by year, Chinese medicine plant area also expanding day, the a large amount of medicinal plant waste of annual generation, but, also do not utilize these medicinal plant wastes at present, as Chinese medicinal materials cauline leaf prepares the report of biological compost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of composting system containing biomass charcoal is provided, the nitrogen discharge of composting system can be reduced, weaken Heavy Metal Pollution, and effectively improve compost quality.
Another object of the present invention is, provides a kind of compost method of the composting system containing biomass charcoal, can improve fermentation condition, compost is fully fermented.
A further object of the invention is, provide a kind of to having gathered, there is pharmaceutical use part after the method that recycles of remaining herbal medicine cauline leaf, can compost quality be improved.
In order to realize, according to these objects of the present invention and other advantage, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A composting system containing biomass charcoal, mainly comprises the raw material of following weight part:
Basis windrow 92-110, microbiobacterial agent 0.3-0.5 and biomass charcoal 0.9-1.8;
Wherein, described basic windrow comprises mud and stalk, and the blending ratio of described mud and stalk is to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of basic windrow for 20-30, and to make the water content of described basic windrow be 50-70% be foundation.
Preferably, described contains in the composting system of biomass charcoal, mainly comprises the raw material of following weight part:
Basis windrow 100, microbiobacterial agent 0.4 and biomass charcoal 1.8.
Preferably, described contains in the composting system of biomass charcoal, and described microbiobacterial agent mainly consists of:
Yeast 0.15-0.18 weight part, aspergillus niger 0.12-0.14 weight part, subtilis 0.08-0.1 weight part, pseudomonas 0.06-0.08 weight part, bacillus acidocldarius 0.12-0.14 weight part, clostridium 0.08-0.1 weight part and Arthrobacter 0.08-0.1 weight part.
Preferably, described containing in the composting system of biomass charcoal, described stalk by maize straw and herbal medicine cauline leaf according to 8-12: 1 mass ratio mix and form;
Wherein, described herbal medicine cauline leaf mainly comprises one or more in following parts by weight of component:
Chrysanthemum cauline leaf 10-20, the root of straight ladybell cauline leaf 10-20, stem and leaf of Radix Astragali 10-20, Caulis et Folium Scutellariae 20-30 and haulm of liquorice 10-20.
Preferably, described containing in the composting system of biomass charcoal, described basic windrow also comprises pomace mixture, and in described pomace mixture and basic windrow, the mass ratio of stalk is 1: 80-100;
Wherein, described pomace mixture by apple residue, Pericarpium citri sinensis and pomelo peel with 1-3: 1-3: 0.5-1 mass ratio mix form.
Preferably, described also comprise Chinese medicine slag containing in the composting system of biomass charcoal in described basic windrow, in described Chinese medicine slag and basic windrow, the mass ratio of stalk is 1: 180-200;
Wherein, described Chinese medicine slag obtains by filtering after the Traditional medicine infusion of following weight part: tuber of stemona 10-15, kuh-seng 10-15, wrinkled giant hyssop 8-12, Fructus Cnidii 8-12, Japanese Honeysuckle 10-15, schizonepeta 8-12, Motherwort Herb 8-12, capsule of weeping forsythia 6-8, Herba Bidentis Tripartitae 6-8, Herba Andrographis 5-7, Leaf of Indigowoad 8-12, Herba Houttuyniae 4-6, coptis 3-5, root of large-flowered skullcap 8-12, cape jasmine 2-4, golden cypress 3-5, bark of official magnolia 2-3, root of herbaceous peony 5-7, root of Dahurain angelica 3-5, Perilla Leaf 5-7, Sargent gloryvine 4-5, giant knotweed 3-5, Shi Wei 3-5, fringed pink 3-5, Ligusticum wallichii 4-6, red sage root 4-6, Chinese honey locust 4-6, Semen Raphani 3-5 and caulis bambusae in taenian 3-5.
A compost method for composting system containing biomass charcoal, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, by the raw material of formation base windrow mix, blending ratio to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of basic windrow within the scope of 20-30, and makes the water content of basic windrow be as the criterion within the scope of 50-70;
Step 2, in basic windrow, add microbiobacterial agent and biomass charcoal, mix, namely obtain described composting system;
Step 3, carry out fermentation reactor system to composting system, fermentation time is 28-32 days, obtains biological compost.
Preferably, in the compost method of the described composting system containing biomass charcoal, adopt three step fermentation methods to carry out fermentation reactor system in step 3, concrete grammar comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1, harmless treatment, one deck unslaked lime is laid in the bottom in compost place, unslaked lime thickness is 3-10 centimetre, form spontaneous thermosphere, the top of described spontaneous thermosphere arranges grid, grid is laid the waterproof interlayer of ventilation property, composting system is deposited in described interlayer top, and cover plastic sheeting for farm use in composting system outside, make composting system temperature reach 60-70 DEG C, keep 1-2 days;
Step 3.2, anaerobically fermenting, after harmless treatment terminates, remove spontaneous thermosphere, and composting system temperature is 35-45 DEG C, continues to cover plastic sheeting for farm use and carry out anaerobically fermenting, keep 14-18 days;
Step 3.3, aerobic fermentation, after anaerobically fermenting terminates, remove covered plastic sheeting for farm use, stir, and stirred once every 1-2 days to composting system; Gas blower is set in grid bottom to increase the ventilation of composting system, and makes the temperature in composting system keep 35-40 DEG C, carry out aerobic fermentation 12-15 days, namely obtain biological compost.
Preferably, in the compost method of the described composting system containing biomass charcoal, in step 3.3, described gas blower is connected with solar heat collector, and the temperature making the air-out of gas blower institute is 35-50 DEG C;
In addition, described gas blower is connected with air humidifying device, and the water content making the air-out of gas blower institute is more than 20%.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect: first, the present invention by adding microbiobacterial agent and biomass charcoal in the composting system formed primarily of mud and stalk, and the addition of biomass charcoal is defined as the 0.9-1.8% of composting system, utilize biomass charcoal hole flourishing, the feature that specific surface area is large, not only be conducive to the rapid breeding of microorganism, thus strengthen the degree of humification of compost, and composting system nitrate nitrogen content after compost terminates can be made to increase by more than 320%, nitrate nitrogen content when being other adding proportions than biomass charcoal improves more than 120%, therefore substantially increase nitrogen fixation effect, reduce the loss of nitrogen in fermenting process.Simultaneously, the biomass charcoal of this adding proportion is also of value to the passivation of heavy metal more, the available state of Pb, Ni, Cu, As, Cr5 Heavy Metallic Elements in composting system can be made significantly to reduce, and composting system when reduced rate is other adding proportions apparently higher than biomass charcoal, thus maximum amplitude reduces the drawback of mud as biological compost raw material, and improve using mud and stalk as the quality of the biological compost of main composting material.
In addition, the present invention is by adopting part herbal medicine cauline leaf as composting material, the medicinal plant waste after removing pharmaceutical use part is not only made to be effectively utilized, and because containing abundant trace element and multiplely can to remove by the degerming alkaloid of desinsection in these medicinal plant wastes, certain restraining effect can be played to the pathogenic micro-organism in composting system, and improve the micronutrient levels of compost.
Finally, the present invention by adopting three step fermentation methods to process in composting process, and bottom composting system, lay spontaneous thermosphere when the first step harmless treatment, and composting system and spontaneous thermosphere are isolated by grill support, the temperature in composting system can be made to remain on more than 65 DEG C, and even heat, can kill the harmful microorganism of non-refractory in composting system rapidly, efficiently, reach innoxious requirement.In addition, in the aerobic fermentation of the 3rd step, by arranging gas blower at grating base, and by carrying out humidification heating to sent wind, the oxygen level of composting system can not only be ensured, and suitable leavening temperature and humidity can be ensured, be conducive to the carrying out of aerobic fermentation, improve the degree of humification of composting system.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is elaborated, can implement according to this after consulting this specification sheets to make those of ordinary skill in the art.
A composting system containing biomass charcoal, mainly comprises the raw material of following weight part: basic windrow 92-110, microbiobacterial agent 0.3-0.5 and biomass charcoal 0.9-1.8.Wherein, described basic windrow comprises mud and stalk, and the blending ratio of described mud and stalk is to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of basic windrow for 20-30, and to make the water content of described basic windrow be 50-70% be foundation.
The present invention by adding microbiobacterial agent and biomass charcoal in the composting system formed primarily of mud and stalk, and the addition of biomass charcoal is defined as the 0.9-1.8% of composting system, utilize biomass charcoal hole flourishing, the feature that specific surface area is large, not only be conducive to the rapid breeding of microorganism, thus strengthen the degree of humification of compost, and can improve nitrogen fixation ability, and the passivation ability of heavy metal.The present invention can make composting system nitrate nitrogen content after compost terminates increase considerably, and substantially increases nitrogen fixation effect, reduces the loss of nitrogen in fermenting process.Simultaneously, the biomass charcoal of this adding proportion is also of value to the passivation of heavy metal more, the available state of Pb, Ni, Cu, As, Cr5 Heavy Metallic Elements in composting system can be made significantly to reduce, and composting system when reduced rate is other adding proportions apparently higher than biomass charcoal, thus maximum amplitude reduces the drawback of mud as biological compost raw material, and improve using mud and stalk as the quality of the biological compost of main composting material.
Described contains in the composting system of biomass charcoal, mainly comprises the raw material of following weight part: basic windrow 100, microbiobacterial agent 0.4 and biomass charcoal 1.8, the composting system of this composition of proportions, in fermenting process, pH value remains between 8-6, and temperature remains on more than 40 DEG C, is conducive to fermentation.Compost terminates rear nitre peptide nitrogen content rate of increase and reaches 380%, and apparently higher than the addition of other ratios of biomass charcoal, and the passivation effect of heavy metal is also better relative to the composting system of other ratio additions.
Described contains in the composting system of biomass charcoal, and described microbiobacterial agent mainly consists of: yeast 0.15-0.18 weight part, aspergillus niger 0.12-0.14 weight part, subtilis 0.08-0.1 weight part, pseudomonas 0.06-0.08 weight part, bacillus acidocldarius 0.12-0.14 weight part, clostridium 0.08-0.1 weight part and Arthrobacter 0.08-0.1 weight part.
Described containing in the composting system of biomass charcoal, described stalk by maize straw and herbal medicine cauline leaf according to 8-12: 1 mass ratio mix and form.Wherein, described herbal medicine cauline leaf mainly comprises one or more in following parts by weight of component: chrysanthemum cauline leaf 10-20, the root of straight ladybell cauline leaf 10-20, stem and leaf of Radix Astragali 10-20, Caulis et Folium Scutellariae 20-30 and haulm of liquorice 10-20.China's Chinese medicinal materials cultivated area increases year by year, and these medicinal plants, often get after its privileged site is used as medicine, remainder abandons as waste need not, such as, the Radix Astragali, the root of large-flowered skullcap, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the root of straight ladybell are all that root is used as medicine, and its cauline leaf does not have pharmaceutical use, and chrysanthemum is that flower is used as medicine, its cauline leaf does not have pharmaceutical use yet, therefore, every batch of medicinal material recovery process all can produce a large amount of wastes, causes very large waste.The present invention is by adopting these herbal medicine cauline leafs as composting material, the medicinal plant waste after removing pharmaceutical use part is not only made to be effectively utilized, and because containing abundant trace element and multiplely can to remove by the degerming alkaloid of desinsection in these medicinal plant wastes, certain restraining effect can be played to the pathogenic micro-organism in composting system, and improve the micronutrient levels of compost.
Described containing in the composting system of biomass charcoal, described basic windrow also comprises pomace mixture, and in described pomace mixture and basic windrow, the mass ratio of stalk is 1: 80-100.Wherein, described pomace mixture by apple residue, Pericarpium citri sinensis and pomelo peel with 1-3: 1-3: 0.5-1 mass ratio mix form.By adding pomace in composting system, the micronutrient levels of compost can not only be improved, thus improve compost quality, and be conducive to regulating the pH value of composting system, make it remain in the suitable lower scope of carrying out of fermenting.
Described also comprise Chinese medicine slag containing in the composting system of biomass charcoal in described basic windrow, in described Chinese medicine slag and basic windrow, the mass ratio of stalk is 1: 180-200.Wherein, described Chinese medicine slag obtains by filtering after the Traditional medicine infusion of following weight part: tuber of stemona 10-15, kuh-seng 10-15, wrinkled giant hyssop 8-12, Fructus Cnidii 8-12, Japanese Honeysuckle 10-15, schizonepeta 8-12, Motherwort Herb 8-12, capsule of weeping forsythia 6-8, Herba Bidentis Tripartitae 6-8, Herba Andrographis 5-7, Leaf of Indigowoad 8-12, Herba Houttuyniae 4-6, coptis 3-5, root of large-flowered skullcap 8-12, cape jasmine 2-4, golden cypress 3-5, bark of official magnolia 2-3, root of herbaceous peony 5-7, root of Dahurain angelica 3-5, Perilla Leaf 5-7, Sargent gloryvine 4-5, giant knotweed 3-5, Shi Wei 3-5, fringed pink 3-5, Ligusticum wallichii 4-6, red sage root 4-6, Chinese honey locust 4-6, Semen Raphani 3-5 and caulis bambusae in taenian 3-5.Described Chinese medicine slag can provide abundant organic matter for compost, increases soil fertility, and contributes to killing harmful microorganism in soil, is of value to disease control.
A kind of compost method of the composting system containing biomass charcoal, comprise the following steps: step 1, the raw material of formation base windrow to be mixed, blending ratio to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of basic windrow within the scope of 20-30, and makes the water content of basic windrow be as the criterion within the scope of 50-70.Step 2, in basic windrow, add microbiobacterial agent and biomass charcoal, mix, namely obtain described composting system.Step 3, carry out fermentation reactor system to composting system, fermentation time is 28-32 days, obtains biological compost.
In the compost method of the described composting system containing biomass charcoal, adopt three step fermentation methods to carry out fermentation reactor system in step 3, concrete grammar comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1, harmless treatment, lay one deck unslaked lime in the bottom in compost place, and unslaked lime thickness is 3-10 centimetre, forms spontaneous thermosphere.Carry out before composting and in composting process to unslaked lime trickle, make it that redox reaction occur and produce heat, and conducted in composting system by steam, make composting system reach fast and keep high temperature, efficiently kill the harmful microorganism of non-refractory rapidly.The top of described spontaneous thermosphere arranges grid, grid can be plastics or corrosion resistant metal, has larger support strength, can be indeformable after bearing composting system, for unslaked lime and composting system are isolated, and make bottom composting system, to form certain space.Grid is laid the waterproof interlayer of ventilation property, the hot gas that spontaneous thermosphere can be made to produce upwards conducts, and keeps the water content of composting system.Composting system is deposited in described interlayer top, and covers plastic sheeting for farm use in composting system outside, make composting system temperature reach 60-70 DEG C, keep 1-2 days, the harmful microorganism killing rate in composting system reaches more than 96%, reaches harmless treatment requirement.
Step 3.2, anaerobically fermenting, after harmless treatment terminates, remove spontaneous thermosphere, and composting system temperature is 38-45 DEG C, continues to cover plastic sheeting for farm use and carry out anaerobically fermenting, keep 14-18 days;
Step 3.3, aerobic fermentation, after anaerobically fermenting terminates, remove covered plastic sheeting for farm use, stir, and stirred once every 1-2 days to composting system; Gas blower is set in grid bottom to increase the ventilation of composting system, and makes the temperature in composting system keep 38-45 DEG C, carry out aerobic fermentation 12-15 days, namely obtain biological compost.
In the compost method of the described composting system containing biomass charcoal, in step 3.3, described gas blower is connected with solar heat collector, and the temperature making the air-out of gas blower institute is 35-50 DEG C.In addition, described gas blower is connected with air humidifying device, and the water content making the air-out of gas blower institute is more than 20%.By arranging gas blower at grating base, and by carrying out humidification heating to sent wind, the oxygen level of composting system can not only be ensured, and suitable leavening temperature and humidity can be ensured, be conducive to the carrying out of aerobic fermentation, improve the degree of humification of composting system.
Embodiment 1
Step one, by basic windrow 100 weight part, microbiobacterial agent 0.5 weight part and biomass charcoal 1 weight part mix, obtain composting system.Wherein, consisting of of basic windrow: mud 70 weight part, maize straw 27 weight part, herbal medicine cauline leaf 3 weight part, herbal medicine cauline leaf is the mixture of chrysanthemum cauline leaf, the root of straight ladybell cauline leaf and stem and leaf of Radix Astragali.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of composting system is 25, and water content is 58%, and initial pH value is 7.2.
Step 2, harmless treatment, lay 4 cm thick unslaked limes, trickle, form spontaneous thermosphere in the bottom in compost place; Arrange grid on the top of spontaneous thermosphere, grid is laid the waterproof interlayer of ventilation property, composting system is deposited in described interlayer top, and cover plastic sheeting for farm use in composting system outside, the temperature measuring composting system is 65 DEG C, keeps 2 days, reaches harmless treatment requirement.
Step 3, anaerobically fermenting, after harmless treatment terminates, remove spontaneous thermosphere, composting system is lowered the temperature gradually, and continue to cover plastic sheeting for farm use and carry out anaerobically fermenting, anaerobically fermenting carries out 15 days, the temperature measuring composting system in anaerobic fermentation process is 39-42 DEG C, pH value 6.8-7.0.
Step 4, aerobic fermentation, after anaerobically fermenting terminates, removed by covered plastic sheeting for farm use, stir to composting system, and stirred once every 1 day, make composting system carry out aerobic fermentation, the aerobic fermentation time is 13 days, namely obtains biological compost.In aerobic fermentation process, arrange gas blower in grid bottom and continue air-supply, wind pushing temperature is 40 degrees Celsius, and air-supply water content is 20%, and measuring composting system temperature during aerobic fermentation is 38-39 DEG C, pH value 6.7-6.8.
Gained biological compost nitre peptide nitrogen content rate of increase is that 320%, Pb available state reduced rate is 27.5%, Ni available state reduced rate is 1.2%, Cu available state reduced rate is 20.2%, As available state reduced rate is 21.69%, the available state reduced rate of Cr5 Heavy Metallic Elements is 18.54%.
Embodiment 2
Step one, by basic windrow 100 weight part, microbiobacterial agent 0.4 weight part and biomass charcoal 1.8 weight part mix, obtain composting system.Wherein, consisting of of basic windrow: mud 75 weight part, maize straw 23 weight part, herbal medicine cauline leaf 2 weight part, herbal medicine cauline leaf is the mixture of chrysanthemum cauline leaf, the root of straight ladybell cauline leaf, stem and leaf of Radix Astragali, Caulis et Folium Scutellariae and haulm of liquorice.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of composting system is 28, and water content is 60%, and initial pH value is 7.3.
Step 2, harmless treatment, lay 5 cm thick unslaked limes, trickle, form spontaneous thermosphere in the bottom in compost place; Grid is set on the top of spontaneous thermosphere, grid is laid the waterproof interlayer of ventilation property, composting system is deposited in described interlayer top, and cover plastic sheeting for farm use in composting system outside, the temperature measuring composting system is 68 DEG C, keeps 1.5 days, reaches harmless treatment requirement.
Step 3, anaerobically fermenting, after harmless treatment terminates, remove spontaneous thermosphere, composting system is lowered the temperature gradually, and continue to cover plastic sheeting for farm use and carry out anaerobically fermenting, anaerobically fermenting carries out 14 days, the temperature measuring composting system in anaerobic fermentation process is 41-43 DEG C, pH value 6.8-6.9.
Step 4, aerobic fermentation, after anaerobically fermenting terminates, removed by covered plastic sheeting for farm use, stir to composting system, and stirred once every 1 day, make composting system carry out aerobic fermentation, the aerobic fermentation time is 15 days, namely obtains biological compost.In aerobic fermentation process, arrange gas blower in grid bottom and continue air-supply, wind pushing temperature is 45 degrees Celsius, and air-supply water content is 25%, and measuring composting system temperature during aerobic fermentation is 40-42 DEG C, pH value 6.6-6.7.
Gained biological compost nitre peptide nitrogen content rate of increase is that 380%, Pb available state reduced rate is 51.9%, Ni available state reduced rate is 1.84%, Cu available state reduced rate is 59.54%, As available state reduced rate is 56.31%, the available state reduced rate of Cr5 Heavy Metallic Elements is 32.09%.
Embodiment 3
Step one, by basic windrow 100 weight part, microbiobacterial agent 0.4 weight part and biomass charcoal 3 weight part mix, obtain composting system.Wherein, consisting of of basic windrow: mud 72 weight part, maize straw 25 weight part, herbal medicine cauline leaf 3 weight part, herbal medicine cauline leaf is the mixture of chrysanthemum cauline leaf, the root of straight ladybell cauline leaf, stem and leaf of Radix Astragali, Caulis et Folium Scutellariae and haulm of liquorice.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of composting system is 27, and water content is 59%, and initial pH value is 7.1.
Step 2, harmless treatment, lay 6 cm thick unslaked limes, trickle, form spontaneous thermosphere in the bottom in compost place; Grid is set on the top of spontaneous thermosphere, grid is laid the waterproof interlayer of ventilation property, composting system is deposited in described interlayer top, and cover plastic sheeting for farm use in composting system outside, the temperature measuring composting system is 68 DEG C, keeps 1.5 days, reaches harmless treatment requirement.
Step 3, anaerobically fermenting, after harmless treatment terminates, remove spontaneous thermosphere, composting system is lowered the temperature gradually, and continue to cover plastic sheeting for farm use and carry out anaerobically fermenting, anaerobically fermenting carries out 14 days, the temperature measuring composting system in anaerobic fermentation process is 35-38 DEG C, pH value 7.1-7.5.
Step 4, aerobic fermentation, after anaerobically fermenting terminates, removed by covered plastic sheeting for farm use, stir to composting system, and stirred once every 1 day, make composting system carry out aerobic fermentation, the aerobic fermentation time is 15 days, namely obtains biological compost.Arrange gas blower in grid bottom and continue air-supply, wind pushing temperature is 45 degrees Celsius, and air-supply water content is 25%, and measuring composting system temperature during aerobic fermentation is 25-28 DEG C, pH value 5.9-6.3.
Gained biological compost nitre peptide nitrogen content rate of increase is that 180%, Pb available state reduced rate is 12.52%, Ni available state reduced rate is 0.14%, Cu available state reduced rate is 7.04%, As available state reduced rate is 2.73%, the available state reduced rate of Cr5 Heavy Metallic Elements is 0.25%.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification sheets and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details.
Claims (9)
1. the composting system containing biomass charcoal, is characterized in that, mainly comprise the raw material of following weight part:
Basis windrow 92-110, microbiobacterial agent 0.3-0.5 and biomass charcoal 0.9-1.8;
Wherein, described basic windrow comprises mud and stalk, and the blending ratio of described mud and stalk is to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of basic windrow for 20-30, and to make the water content of described basic windrow be 50-70% be foundation.
2. the composting system containing biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, mainly comprise the raw material of following weight part:
Basis windrow 100, microbiobacterial agent 0.4 and biomass charcoal 1.8.
3. the composting system containing biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described microbiobacterial agent mainly consists of:
Yeast 0.15-0.18 weight part, aspergillus niger 0.12-0.14 weight part, subtilis 0.08-0.1 weight part, pseudomonas 0.06-0.08 weight part, bacillus acidocldarius 0.12-0.14 weight part, clostridium 0.08-0.1 weight part and Arthrobacter 0.08-0.1 weight part.
4. the composting system containing biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described stalk by maize straw and herbal medicine cauline leaf according to 8-12: 1 mass ratio mix and form;
Wherein, described herbal medicine cauline leaf mainly comprises one or more in following parts by weight of component:
Chrysanthemum cauline leaf 10-20, the root of straight ladybell cauline leaf 10-20, stem and leaf of Radix Astragali 10-20, Caulis et Folium Scutellariae 20-30 and haulm of liquorice 10-20.
5. the composting system containing biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described basic windrow also comprises pomace mixture, and in described pomace mixture and basic windrow, the mass ratio of stalk is 1: 80-100;
Wherein, described pomace mixture by apple residue, Pericarpium citri sinensis and pomelo peel with 1-3: 1-3: 0.5-1 mass ratio mix form.
6. the composting system containing biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, also comprise Chinese medicine slag in described basic windrow, and in described Chinese medicine slag and basic windrow, the mass ratio of stalk is 1: 180-200;
Wherein, described Chinese medicine slag obtains by filtering after the Traditional medicine infusion of following weight part: tuber of stemona 10-15, kuh-seng 10-15, wrinkled giant hyssop 8-12, Fructus Cnidii 8-12, Japanese Honeysuckle 10-15, schizonepeta 8-12, Motherwort Herb 8-12, capsule of weeping forsythia 6-8, Herba Bidentis Tripartitae 6-8, Herba Andrographis 5-7, Leaf of Indigowoad 8-12, Herba Houttuyniae 4-6, coptis 3-5, root of large-flowered skullcap 8-12, cape jasmine 2-4, golden cypress 3-5, bark of official magnolia 2-3, root of herbaceous peony 5-7, root of Dahurain angelica 3-5, Perilla Leaf 5-7, Sargent gloryvine 4-5, giant knotweed 3-5, Shi Wei 3-5, fringed pink 3-5, Ligusticum wallichii 4-6, red sage root 4-6, Chinese honey locust 4-6, Semen Raphani 3-5 and caulis bambusae in taenian 3-5.
7. a compost method for the composting system containing biomass charcoal according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, by the raw material of formation base windrow mix, blending ratio to make the carbon-nitrogen ratio of basic windrow within the scope of 20-30, and makes the water content of basic windrow be as the criterion within the scope of 50-70;
Step 2, in basic windrow, add microbiobacterial agent and biomass charcoal, mix, namely obtain described composting system;
Step 3, carry out fermentation reactor system to composting system, fermentation time is 28-32 days, obtains biological compost.
8. the compost method of the composting system containing biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, adopt three step fermentation methods to carry out fermentation reactor system in step 3, concrete grammar comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1, harmless treatment, one deck unslaked lime is laid in the bottom in compost place, unslaked lime thickness is 3-10 centimetre, form spontaneous thermosphere, the top of described spontaneous thermosphere arranges grid, grid is laid the waterproof interlayer of ventilation property, composting system is deposited in described interlayer top, and cover plastic sheeting for farm use in composting system outside, make composting system temperature reach 60-70 DEG C, keep 1-2 days;
Step 3.2, anaerobically fermenting, after harmless treatment terminates, remove spontaneous thermosphere, and composting system temperature is 35-45 DEG C, continues to cover plastic sheeting for farm use and carry out anaerobically fermenting, keep 14-18 days;
Step 3.3, aerobic fermentation, after anaerobically fermenting terminates, remove covered plastic sheeting for farm use, stir, and stirred once every 1-2 days to composting system; Gas blower is set in grid bottom to increase the ventilation of composting system, and makes the temperature in composting system keep 35-40 DEG C, carry out aerobic fermentation 12-15 days, namely obtain biological compost.
9. the compost method of the composting system containing biomass charcoal as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, in step 3.3, described gas blower is connected with solar heat collector, and the temperature making the air-out of gas blower institute is 35-50 DEG C;
In addition, described gas blower is connected with air humidifying device, and the water content making the air-out of gas blower institute is more than 20%.
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