CN101333123B - Process for reclaiming city domestic sludge - Google Patents
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- CN101333123B CN101333123B CN2007100308012A CN200710030801A CN101333123B CN 101333123 B CN101333123 B CN 101333123B CN 2007100308012 A CN2007100308012 A CN 2007100308012A CN 200710030801 A CN200710030801 A CN 200710030801A CN 101333123 B CN101333123 B CN 101333123B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge resource technology, in particular to a technology which uses aerobic biological-physical-chemical jointed rapid fermentation technology to treat the urban living sludge resources; municipal sludge, mushroom dregs and green garbage are mixed based on a proper proportion; then an appropriate amount of quicklime is added to the mixture for fermentation through the aerobic biological-physical-chemical jointed technology; the fermentated product is screened and sorted to form the refined organic fertilizer. The technology can make fast treatment to three waste resources including the municipal sludge, the urban green garbage and the mushroom dregs; the technology can also adjust the material proportion of the mixture based on the nutritional characteristics of various gardens and fruit trees, as well as the resource conditions in different areas, so that the obtained organic fertilizer can achieve best effect. The organic fertilizer has full nutrients, good fertilizer efficiency, long fertilizer effect period and high utilization rate, which has the functions of improving the soil activity, resisting drought, saving water, preventing disease and improving crop yield and quality so as to eventually reduce the municipal sewage sludge and realize harmless treatment to the municipal sewage sludge resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sludge resource micronizing technology field, refer in particular to the technology that a kind of aerobe-physical-chemical coupling fast fermentation in fixed is handled reclaiming city domestic sludge.
Background technology
Mud is meant the cotton-shaped mud pellet that produces in the municipal sewage treatment process, it is the solids component in the sewage, its characteristics are that organic content is higher, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are higher, moisture content higher (＞80%) becomes colloidal because of adding flocculation agent, extremely difficult processed, and contain a large amount of pathogenic bacterias, parasite, organic pollutant and weed seed etc., as its stacking or landfill all can be brought severe contamination to surrounding enviroment.
At present municipal sludge is handled (or disposal) and be broadly divided into 1. landfill, 2. heat drying-burning, 3. compost-resource utilization.
China is main at present to use landfill method to handle municipal sludge, need take valuable land resources on the one hand, can cause rubbish Cheng Shan, mosquitos and flies to multiply on the other hand, pollutes surrounding environment and underground water source, produces serious secondary pollution.Some developed country mainly uses the method for second kind of burning to handle mud, and the subject matter of its existence can be discharged gas and dust for investment is big, processing cost is high after the burning, and this method has not only been wasted resource, has polluted environment simultaneously.The third compost treatment method mainly be with mud after pre-treatment, handle by fermentation, development and production fertilizer and compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, the more preceding two kinds of methods of this method have remarkable advantages; Its advantage is that the engineering construction and the operation cost of this technology is low, easy to operate, simple and safe, sanitisation level height; Next is that composting process, equipment and relevant device research are ripe relatively, thereby provides technical guarantee for the compost industrialization.For municipal sludge, according to the characteristics of itself, carry out high temperature aerobic composting by adding suitable raising agent and amendment, can obtain the higher organic fertilizer of quality.And, by putting into practice in a large number both at home and abroad and studies show that, the agricultural resource utilization of municipal sludge is that a kind of processing capacity is big, environmental safety and economically viable method of disposal, also helps keeping and increasing soil fertility simultaneously, helps the sustainable use and the agricultural sustainable development of soil resource.The organic fertilizer that is developed into municipal sludge is used for the construction in city trees and shrubs greenery patches, is not only effective sludge disposal approach, realizes the recycle of Municipal waste, and is the requirement of urban afforestation.
Because municipal sludge water content height, C/N is than low, and contains a certain amount of heavy metal, when carrying out compost treatment, need add a certain proportion of raising agent and amendment,, guarantee carrying out smoothly of compost to regulate sludge water content and C/N ratio, heavy metal-passivated toxicity reaches the agricultural purpose of safety simultaneously.Yet, at present to raising agent, amendment select materials and proportioning and compost combination process selection also have defective, make the compost time longer, toxic heavy metal is stabilization effectively, the agricultural risk that exists of mud, processing cost is too high relatively simultaneously, and industrial composting is handled the mud difficulty and applied on a large scale.
According to above situation, the inventor has retrieved some patented inventions of domestic and international related city sludge treatment, finds that they respectively have deficiency.China Patent No. publication number CN1631821 discloses a kind of treatment process of municipal sludge, but ignored dewatered sludge is acted as a fuel and issuable secondary topsoil.Chinese patent publication number CN1762863, a kind of sludge drying, process for reclaiming are disclosed, wherein related to the sludge dehydrating and drying secondary fermentation, and then granulation is made the particle dewatered sludge as fertilizer, weak point is to have killed the microorganism in the mud with sludge drying the time, make fermenting process be difficult for carrying out smoothly, need to add a large amount of bacterial classifications simultaneously, increased processing cost.China publication CN1974492 discloses a kind of method of producing microbial-bacterial fertilizer with rubbish and mud mixing Secondary Fermentation, its advantage is to have solved the pollution problem to environment of rubbish and mud by fermentation, obtain the higher microbial-bacterial fertilizer of fertilizer efficiency simultaneously, weak point is to consider that not heavy metal in mud and the rubbish is to the influence of environment.China publication CN1266832 discloses a kind of method of preparing compound organic fertilizer from municipal sludge, and its advantage is that zeolite is reusable, but has also increased process flow steps simultaneously, has increased production cost with the expansion amendment of zeolite as mud.
China publication CN1445182 discloses a kind of improving one's methods of organic sludge processing that be used for, after mud process chemistry and/or physics pre-treatment, the biodegradable of the cell in the mud greatly increases, also take place simultaneously simultaneously because of separation of solid-liquid in film biological reactor and biological degradation, can significantly improve mud efficient, weak point is that the film biological reactor cost that adopts is higher relatively.China publication CN1654437 discloses a kind of sludge aerobic and anaerobic alternated compost reactor, wherein adopt self-control compost reactor and the temperature automatically controlled oxygen system of micro-chip, but this processing method can't reduce the toxicity of heavy metal in the mud effectively.China publication CN1727292 discloses a kind of half-driedization and has handled mud with high temperature aerobic composting fermentation technique integrated approach, but this method save energy, the level of automation height, working cost is cheap, weak point is that this method is simple processing mud, and the method for other city organic waste of comprehensive treating process is not provided.China publication CN1900023 discloses the method that a kind of mud is made fertilizer, adopts municipal sludge, flyash, rice husk, four kinds of raw material combination prescriptions of the peat composed of rotten mosses, carries out aerobic composting fermentation.Weak point is to have improved compost material blended difficulty, and the material of employing has also increased the content of windrow heavy metal.
Summary of the invention
It is difficult to the objective of the invention is to handle at a large amount of municipal sludges of China, provide that a kind of process is innoxious, stabilization, bioid transfer organic fertilizer to after handling, both turned waste into wealth, reduce environmental pollution, improve the ecological environment, improve the soil, meet the national sustainable development strategy again, realize the novel process of aerobe-physical-chemical coupling fast fermentation in fixed processing reclaiming city domestic sludge of the comprehensive utilization of waste resource.
The present invention realizes by following proposal in order to achieve the above object:
The technology of reclaiming city domestic sludge may further comprise the steps:
(1) pre-treatment: the greening rubbish that at first will collect is pulverized, and making its particle diameter is 5～20mm;
(2) the mixing windrow of organic waste; With municipal sludge, mushroom residue and greening rubbish by 5～7: 2～4: 1～2 volume ratio mixes, and the water content of regulate mixing windrow is 55%～70%, and C/N is 25～35: 1;
(3) add heavy metal deactivator
(4) one time fermentation; To mix windrow and heavy metal deactivator by after the mechanically mixing, transfer in the fermenter, carry out one time fermentation; Wherein, forced ventilation time 4-5 time/day, each 30 minutes; Two days later heap temperature rise to 50 ℃ the beginning turnings, the turning of per 4～5 days of pliotherm period once, after temperature dropped to 40 ℃, turning in per 7 days once changed aeration time into 2 times/day simultaneously; One time fermentation is finished after 15 days
(5) Secondary Fermentation; The windrow that one time fermentation is finished is transferred to the storehouse of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and about 15～30 days of fermentation time is finished Secondary Fermentation, and this moment, moisture reduced to 35%.
(6) fragmentation, screening, finished product; With the fragmentation of Secondary Fermentation windrow, screening, fine fraction makes the finished product fertilizer, and macrobead partly adds raising agent and is back to the fermentation again of one time fermentation heap.
Described heavy metal deactivator is a particulate state unslaked lime, and addition is to mix 1%～5% of windrow volume in the step 1.
The beneficial effect of technology of the present invention:
1. make full use of municipal sludge, greening rubbish, three kinds of solid waste resources of mushroom residue, solve the most of solid useless handling problem in city, can alleviate urban environment pressure greatly, helped ecotope, realize the cyclic utilization of waste, its social benefit, remarkable in economical benefits.
2. mixed fermentation technology stage, utilize the advantage of three kinds of waste resources, rational formula is regulated the moisture and the C/N of mixed fermentation raw material; At this hot stage, pathogenic bacterium, worm's ovum and weed seed all kill in the windrow, and windrow moisture drops to below 35%.
3. add a certain proportion of unslaked lime in composting process, the pH value that can regulate windrow heats up compost rapidly on the one hand; But the leaching toxicity of heavy metal in the passivation mud reduces heavy metal biological toxicity in the material on the other hand, realizes that the heavy metal of mud is innoxious, makes sludge composting reach the agricultural purpose of safety.
4. this technology good deodorization effect, profitable strain can increase breeding rapidly in mushroom residue and the greening rubbish, harmful under field conditions (factors) and not labile material in degraded and the conversion mud, make the material of polymer state be converted into the small molecules amino acid that very easily absorbs, destroyed the colloid composition of mud simultaneously, make its by each quasi-microorganism as the nutritive ingredient utilization, reach harmless, de-odorised effect, shortened fermentation time, effectively removed the foul smell of mud and rubbish, product does not have unhappy smell.
5. the sludge composting product that makes of the present invention, existing nutrient is complete, long fertilizers period, and the characteristics that utilization ratio is high have the function of improvement activating soil, the fertility of fostering and apply fertilizer, drought-resistant water-preserving, raising crop yield and quality again.
6. municipal sludge treatment technology production cost of the present invention is low, and high efficiency is suitable for batch production and handles municipal sludge on a large scale.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, sees shown in the accompanying drawing 1, and a kind of aerobe-physical-chemical coupling fast fermentation in fixed is handled the technology of reclaiming city domestic sludge, may further comprise the steps:
Pre-treatment: the greening rubbish that at first will collect is pulverized, and making its particle diameter is 1 5mm;
Fermentative processing municipal sludge, greening rubbish and mushroom residue, three's total amount is 100m
3, municipal sludge is a raw material, and mushroom residue is an amendment, and greening rubbish is raising agent, at first measures municipal sludge 60m
3, mushroom residue 30m
3, greening rubbish 10m
3, make municipal sludge: mushroom residue: greening rubbish ratio is 6: 3: 1 mixing windrows; Measure particle unslaked lime 2m in addition
3, the pH value that can regulate windrow heats up compost rapidly; But the leaching toxicity of heavy metal in the passivation mud reduces heavy metal biological toxicity in the material on the other hand, realizes that the heavy metal of mud is innoxious, makes sludge composting reach the agricultural purpose of safety.
Behind mechanical mixing, change over to widely 3 meters above material, dark 1.5 meters bottom is furnished with in the fermentation mortise of PVC vent-pipe, utilizes every day the pressure air pump regularly by from the bottom ventilation, aeration time every day 4 times, and each 30min, airshed is 200L/min; When fermentation proceeded to 2 days, heap temperature rose to 50 ℃, and at this hot stage, pathogenic bacterium, worm's ovum and weed seed substantially all kill in the windrow, and the beginning turning, and turning in per 5 days once; After 15 days, temperature is finished one time fermentation after dropping to 40 ℃ times.
Windrow with one time fermentation, be transferred to wide 6 meters, the dark 3 meters storehouse of becoming thoroughly decomposed, carry out Secondary Fermentation, after 15 days, windrow becomes thoroughly decomposed fully substantially, profitable strain can increase breeding rapidly in mushroom residue and the greening rubbish, and harmful under field conditions (factors) and not labile material in degraded and the conversion mud makes the material of polymer state be converted into the small molecules amino acid that very easily absorbs, destroyed the colloid composition of mud simultaneously, make its by each quasi-microorganism as the nutritive ingredient utilization, reach harmless, the de-odorised effect has shortened fermentation time, effectively remove the foul smell of mud and rubbish, product does not have unhappy smell; Screening, with the macrobead class material branches and leaves of rubbish (mainly be greening) after the screening as the backflow raising agent of fermentation once more; Fine fraction after the screening is the fertilizer finished product, and through check, nutrient content is all above national standard, and heavy metal content is lower than national standard.
The composting production nutrient content that obtains through above-mentioned technology is:
| Project | Content |
| Organic | 45.6％ |
| Total nitrogen | 2.2％ |
| Total phosphorus | 1.5％ |
| Total potassium | 0.7％ |
| Moisture | 19.2％ |
| pH | ?7.0～8.5 |
Heavy metal content and national standard are relatively in the composting production
| Element term | Cd | ?Pb | ?Cu | ?Zn | ?Ni | ?Cr | ?Hg |
| Sludge composting | 5.76 | ?280.9 | ?412.6 | ?372.5 | ?102.6 | ?259.6 | ?4.25 |
| National standard | 20.0 | ?1000 | ?500 | ?1000 | ?200 | ?1000 | ?1?5 |
Annotate: unit is mg/kg
Embodiment 2
Pre-treatment: the greening rubbish that at first will collect is pulverized, and makes its particle diameter at 5mm;
Fermentative processing municipal sludge, greening rubbish and mushroom residue, three's total amount is 100m
3, municipal sludge is a raw material, mushroom residue and greening rubbish are raising agent, at first measure municipal sludge 70m
3, mushroom residue 20m
3, greening rubbish 10m
3, make municipal sludge: mushroom residue: greening rubbish ratio is 7: 2: 1.
Behind mechanical mixing, change over to widely 3 meters above material, dark 1.5 meters bottom is furnished with in the fermentation mortise of PVC vent-pipe, utilizes every day the pressure air pump regularly by from the bottom ventilation, aeration time every day 4 times, and each 30min, airshed is 200L/min; When fermentation proceeded to 2 days, heap temperature rose to 50 ℃, and at this hot stage, pathogenic bacterium, worm's ovum and weed seed all kill in the windrow, added 3m this moment
3Unslaked lime, stir, can regulate the pH value of windrow, compost is heated up rapidly; But the leaching toxicity of heavy metal in the passivation mud on the other hand, toxic heavy metal form content is significantly less than agriculture standard in the material, realizes that the heavy metal of mud is innoxious, makes sludge composting reach the agricultural purpose of safety, and turning in per 5 days is once; After 15 days, temperature is finished one time fermentation after dropping to 40 ℃ times.
Windrow with one time fermentation, be transferred to wide 6 meters, the dark 3 meters storehouse of becoming thoroughly decomposed, carry out Secondary Fermentation, turning in per 8 days once, after 15 days, windrow becomes thoroughly decomposed fully substantially, and profitable strain can increase breeding rapidly in mushroom residue and the greening rubbish, makes the material of polymer state be converted into the small molecules amino acid that very easily absorbs, destroyed the colloid composition of mud simultaneously, make its by each quasi-microorganism as the nutritive ingredient utilization, reach harmless, de-odorised effect, shortened fermentation time, effectively remove the foul smell of mud and rubbish, product does not have unhappy smell; Screening, with the macrobead class material branches and leaves of rubbish (mainly be greening) after the screening as the backflow raising agent of fermentation once more; Fine fraction after the screening is the fertilizer finished product, and through check, nutrient content is all above national standard, and heavy metal content is lower than national standard.
The composting production nutrient content that obtains through above-mentioned technology is:
| The compost index | Organic | Total nitrogen | Total phosphorus | Total potassium | Moisture | pH |
| Sludge composting content | 40.2％ | 2.42％ | 1.3％ | 0.75％ | ＜20％ | 7.5-8.5 |
Heavy metal content and national standard are relatively in the composting production
| Element term | Cd | ?Pb | ?Cu | ?Zn | ?Ni | ?Cr | ?Hg |
| Sludge composting | 6.23 | ?352.3 | ?452.2 | ?458.5 | ?152.6 | ?563.0 | ?3.2 |
| National standard | 20.0 | ?1000 | ?500 | ?1000 | ?200 | ?1000 | ?15 |
Annotate: unit is mg/kg
With composting production of the present invention, on cost principle of identity is used for the test of Guangzhou Cen Cun, Dongguan Wan Jiangqu, and the result is as follows:
1. volume increase 9.2% when the rate ratio when balsam pear is used this composting production of 750Kg/ mu is executed the general producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life of equivalent, mu increases surplus the economic benefit 500 yuan, and it is heavy effectively to increase single melon, balsam pear length and girth diameter, improve the balsam pear quality, improve the balsam pear commercial grade.
2. lawn mu is used this composting production of 500Kg/ mu and is compared with waiting cost chemical fertilizer input, and the lawn color and luster is good, and the green phase is long, and diseases and insect pests resistance strengthens, and irrigation quantity is watered in minimizing simultaneously
3. result's adult lichee is behind fruit harvesting during 40 kilograms of these composting productions of (August) single fertilising, the composite fertilizer (15-15-15) that uses etc. cost than individual plant increases by 40 kilograms, and bears fruit and carry the last week, and fruit color is good, long 3-4 of collecting period days, the mouthfeel sugariness increased.
Claims (2)
1. process for reclaiming city domestic sludge is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps,
(1) pre-treatment: the greening rubbish that at first will collect is pulverized, and making its particle diameter is 5～20mm;
(2) the mixing windrow of organic waste; With municipal sludge, mushroom residue and greening rubbish by 5～7: 2～4: 1～2 volume ratio mixes, and the water content of regulate mixing windrow is 55%～70%, and C/N is 25～35: 1;
(3) add heavy metal deactivator;
(4) one time fermentation; To mix windrow and heavy metal deactivator by after the mechanically mixing, transfer in the fermenter, carry out one time fermentation; Wherein, forced ventilation time 4-5 time/day, each 30 minutes; Two days later heap temperature rise to 50 ℃ the beginning turnings, the turning of per 4～5 days of pliotherm period once, after temperature dropped to 40 ℃, turning in per 7 days once changed aeration time into 2 times/day simultaneously; One time fermentation is finished after 15 days;
(5) Secondary Fermentation; The windrow that one time fermentation is finished is transferred to the storehouse of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and fermentation time 15～30 days is finished Secondary Fermentation, and this moment, moisture reduced to 35%;
(6) fragmentation, screening, finished product; With the fragmentation of Secondary Fermentation windrow, screening, fine fraction makes the finished product fertilizer, and macrobead partly adds raising agent and is back to the fermentation again of one time fermentation heap.
2. process for reclaiming city domestic sludge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described heavy metal deactivator is a particulate state unslaked lime, and addition is to mix 1%～5% of windrow volume in the step 1.
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| CN101333123B true CN101333123B (en) | 2011-03-30 |
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| CN105367148A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-02 | 丽水学院 | Efficient aerobic composting method of dehydrated sludge |
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| CN110218126A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-10 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of processing method for cutting down leather-making mud toxicity |
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