CN102249758A - Comprehensive utilizing method of novel organic fertilizer processed from livestock and poultry excrement and constructed wetland - Google Patents
Comprehensive utilizing method of novel organic fertilizer processed from livestock and poultry excrement and constructed wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN102249758A CN102249758A CN2010101805071A CN201010180507A CN102249758A CN 102249758 A CN102249758 A CN 102249758A CN 2010101805071 A CN2010101805071 A CN 2010101805071A CN 201010180507 A CN201010180507 A CN 201010180507A CN 102249758 A CN102249758 A CN 102249758A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive utilizing method of a novel organic fertilizer processed from livestock and poultry excrement and a constructed wetland. According to the method, a certain amount of straw powder, rice bran or the like is mixed with secondary materials generated from vegetable plantation. The obtained mixture, livestock and poultry excrement containing a proper amount of moisture, and fermentation microbial inoculums are well mixed. The mixture is processed through processes of primary fermentation, dehydration, regular turning, secondary fermentation, and regular turning, such that the fermentation is completed. The fermented material is treated, packed or fine finished, such that an organic fertilizer is obtained. Garbage such as sewage and residual slag generated from the organic fertilizer production process is delivered to a composite pressure difference constructed wetland. First, the garbage is delivered into a septic tank for anaerobic fermentation. The fermented, decomposed and hazard-eliminated excrement liquid is delivered to a wetland system to be degraded by bacteria and to be absorbed by plants. Therefore, the organic fertilizer rich in organic matters is processed from an innocent treatment, such that the fertilizer satisfies the national discharging standard. The fertilizer is than delivered to natural water areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feces of livestock and poultry processing novel fertilizer and artificial swamp comprehensive utilization method.
Background technology
In the production of grain, vegetables, can generating unit divide the defective material agricultural waste, in the breed of livestock and poultry, also produce a large amount of feces of livestock and poultry.Normally adopt to be poured over and degenerate these agriculture production rubbish in the special methane-generating pit.Yet the biogas residue and biogas liquid that methane-generating pit discharged has caused pollution owing to not being utilized effectively.So adopt some engineerings that biogas residue and biogas liquid is handled the back qualified discharge once more,, caused the very big wasting of resources though this has been avoided secondary pollution.And most industry all do not accomplish this point fully, but remaining rubbish is directly entered in the stream, caused serious water pollution.
Utilize feces of livestock and poultry to produce biogas and just utilized its bioenergy; from the environment protection angle; but be to digest in the feces of livestock and poultry input water with fecaluria shunting originally; its sewage load increases 3-5 times more than than original; and intractability is higher; become important pollution sources, so envrionment conditions is relatively poor near many large and medium-sized methane stations.And to being not good at that biogas residue and biogas liquid is handled, so the discharging waters causes that water pollution has become the pressing problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.Still belong to the economically underdeveloped area owing to the most of rural areas of China simultaneously, so the modernized large-scale sewage disposal project of some high investments is difficult to put into operation.
Artificial swamp (Constructed wetland) technology is the Ecological Disposal method that developed country just rose over past ten years, it is to mix and form bed of packings with soil and filler (as gravel etc.) on the depression that the certain long-width ratio and the bottom surface gradient are arranged artificially for Treating Municipal Sewage, make sewage mobile or mobile in the filler slit of bed body in the bed surface, and it is good to have performance in the plantation of bed surface, the surviving rate height, water resisting property is strong, growth cycle is long, waterplant (as reed, the stem or leaf of cattail etc.) attractive in appearance and economically valuable forms the animals and plants ecosystem of a uniqueness.The pollutent that artificial swamp is removed is in extensive range, comprises N, P, SS, organism, trace element, pathogenic agent etc.Most of organism finally is converted into microbe and CO as the organic nutrient of peculiar microorganism in the waste water
2, H
2O.At present the artificial swamp technology has been applied to Treating Municipal Sewage, but the purifying treatment that is applied to the higher fertilizer processing-waste of pollution level is not appeared in the newspapers as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is integrated natural feces of livestock and poultry fermentation technique and artificial swamp technology, the method for a kind of pollution-free comprehensive utilization agricultural waste and feces of livestock and poultry is provided.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of feces of livestock and poultry processing novel fertilizer and artificial swamp comprehensive utilization method, this method may further comprise the steps:
A. straw powder is mixed with the defective material that growing vegetables produces, be modulated into agricultural waste stalk mixture, water content is 55%～65%;
B. fresh feces of livestock and poultry is carried out moisture and regulate, water content is adjusted to below 65%;
C. above-mentioned agricultural waste stalk mixture and feces of livestock and poultry and fermenting agent are mixed, stop fermentation through one time fermentation, dehydration, turning regularly, Secondary Fermentation, turning regularly, back successively then;
D. make fertilizer through after impurity elimination, screening and the pulverization process;
E. surplus slag that produces in the fertilizer course of processing by the a-d step and waste liquid all enter septic tank digestion;
F. enter settling tank stop sedimentation in 2～6 hours through the liquid manure after the digestion process and remove slag, make delivery turbidity less than 20mg/L;
G. the upper strata liquid importing hydrolytic tank in the settling tank carries out degradation treatment, at first in hydrolytic tank, inoculate digested sludge, the sewage water distributing pipe inserts from the hydrolytic tank middle and lower part, guarantees sewage and digested sludge thorough mixing, and 4～8 hours residence time posthydrolysis pond goes out water suspension and is lower than 50mg/L;
H. the small molecules sewage after the degraded is introduced artificial wet land treating system and carry out degradation by bacteria and plant absorbing.
Aforesaid method, wherein the defective material of this growing vegetables generation can comprise leaf of vegetable, sweet potato skin and/or Herba Eichhorniae powder.
Aforesaid method, wherein this agricultural waste stalk mixture can be made by 1: 0.50～0.60 mixed by defective material and stalk that growing vegetables produces, and mixing time is not less than 3 minutes.
Aforesaid method, wherein the moisture regulating step of this step b can be: dewatered by sun power by fresh feces of livestock and poultry, perhaps fresh feces of livestock and poultry adds straw powder or Herba Eichhorniae powder, or the material after the fermentation maturity dehydration in the c step partly is returned in the fresh feces of livestock and poultry, thereby the moisture of feces of livestock and poultry is adjusted to below 65%.
Aforesaid method, wherein among this step c the agricultural waste stalk mixture before the fermentation and the adding proportion of feces of livestock and poultry be preferably 1: 0.50～0.70, carbon-nitrogen ratio is preferably 15～25.
Aforesaid method wherein also can be included in the precision work step of adding function yeast, trace element, soil improvement agent and/or biological catalyst in the fertilizer after this steps d.
Aforesaid method, the function yeast of wherein being somebody's turn to do is preferably bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus and/or bacillus cereus.
Aforesaid method, surplus slag that wherein is somebody's turn to do and waste liquid can comprise the mixture of leaf of vegetable, sweet potato skin, Herba Eichhorniae, feces of livestock and poultry and stalk, and the residual waste of fermentation maturity dehydration among the step c and the waste water in the production process.
Aforesaid method, wherein the septic tank digestive process can be among this step e: surplus slag and waste liquid through 12～24 hours precipitations, can be removed 50%～60% suspended substance in septic tank; The mud that precipitates is through the anaerobic digestion more than 30 days, to reach the purpose of killing parasitic ovum and pathogen enterobacteria in the ight soil.
Aforesaid method, wherein this artificial wet land treating system can be to be unit with single cylinder body, takes the series connection form to connect; Cylinder body is divided into inhalant region and exhalant region two portions, separates in each cylinder body mid-way, and only the portion of keeping on file communicates; Wherein
Inhalant region, filler is followed successively by the coarse gravel layer of particle diameter 15～30mm thickness 10～20cm from the bottom to top, the bird's-eye gravel layer of particle diameter 5～8mm thickness 10～20cm, the coarse sands layer of particle diameter 0.05～2mm thickness 60～70cm, the upper strata is that 10～30cm vegetation dirt covers, plantation waterplant on it; Sewage imports inhalant region from hydrolytic tank, and water (flow) direction is for from top to down;
Exhalant region, filler is followed successively by the coarse gravel layer of particle diameter 15～30mm thickness 10～20cm from the bottom to top, the bird's-eye gravel layer of particle diameter 5～8mm thickness 10～20cm, the coarse sands layer of particle diameter 0.05～2mm thickness 40～50cm, the upper strata is that 10～20cm vegetation dirt covers, plantation waterplant on it; Sewage imports exhalant region from the path of inhalant region bottom, and water (flow) direction is on down.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the ight soil that defective material that the present invention not only produces daily growing vegetables and livestock and poultry cultivation produce is made fertilizer, and the waste material that produces in the production process all carried out harmless treatment, both solve random discharging and caused the stream pollution problem, the fertilizer of making can be used for the field crop again, kills two birds with one stone.Through the discharge water after the inventive method processing, colibacillus wherein, faecalis, Salmonellas etc. all disappear.The COD clearance on average reaches 91.5%, BOD
5Clearance on average reach 97%, the clearance of TP on average reaches 90.1%, NH
4 +The clearance of-N on average reaches 98.3%.
Embodiment
The feces of livestock and poultry processing novel fertilizer of invention and an optimal technical scheme of artificial swamp comprehensive utilization method comprise following technical process:
A. the preparation of agricultural waste stalk mixture: residual leaf of vegetables that growing vegetables is produced and straw powder are with 1: 0.50～0.60 mixed, and mixing time is not less than 3 minutes, makes moisture 55%～65% vegetables defective material and stalk mixture.
B. the moisture of feces of livestock and poultry is regulated: fresh ight soil is carried out preliminary hydro-extraction at prefabricated utilization of area sun power, got final product at the general 6-9 of high temperature season days, can add straw powder or rice bran at low temperature season carries out moisture and regulates, or the material after the fermentation maturity dehydration in the C step partly returned to regulate below the bright fecal water to 65%, before fresh excreta utilizes the sun power dehydration, spray microbial preparation, press down the fly maggot effect of going out to reach deodorizing.
C. fermentation: fermentation stage is divided into one time fermentation and Secondary Fermentation:
One time fermentation: with the agricultural waste stalk mixture that modulates, the ight soil that contains amount of water (moisture is below 65%) and fermenting agent mixing carrying out one time fermentation.The adding proportion of agricultural waste stalk mixture, feces of livestock and poultry is that 1: 0.50～0.70 carbon-nitrogen ratio is 15～25, and said ratio helps improving fermentation maturity quality and speed, improves the quality of fertilizer.Fermenting agent can comprise bacillus, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, vinelandii, yeast, filamentous fungus and/or actinomycetes.In the one time fermentation stage, 1. to work as compost temperature and reach 55 ℃, turning once every turning in 3-4 days once, keeps the interior temperature of heap at 55-65 ℃, whole process turning 3 times; 2. if temperature rises to more than 65 ℃ in the heap, turning immediately is to reduce temperature in the heap; 3. one time fermentation stops index: ordorless, and compost volume decrement 25-30% (promptly subsiding 1/3), moisture removal rate 15-25% darkens.
Secondary Fermentation: 1. this stage can be proceeded in fermenter or material be shifted the nature stacking carry out; 2. once every turning in 7 days; 3. Secondary Fermentation stops judging: available organoleptic method is judged.If the compost color is black or Vandyke brown, and is loose, no stink has argillous smell, no longer attracts fly, and water ratio just can stop fermentation below 30%.
D. aftertreatment and precision work stage: fermentation needs material is carried out impurity elimination, screening, pulverizing after stopping, the feasible commercialization characteristics that more meet, simultaneously in order to improve the field fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, main function yeast (for example bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus and/or bacillus cereus), the trace element (nitrogen of adding, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium etc.), (for example lime is used for adjusting the pH value of acid soil to soil improvement agent, and gypsum is used for suppressing the Na in the soil
+, HCO
3 -, and CO
3 2-Plasma) and biological catalyst (for example hydratase, lyase, decarboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase etc.), make biological organic fertilizer, functional fertilizer.
E. the collection of refuse in the fertilizer course of processing: the mixture that all surplus slags and waste liquid is comprised leaf of vegetable, sweet potato skin, Herba Eichhorniae, feces of livestock and poultry etc. and stalk, and the residual waste of fermentation maturity dehydration among the step C and the recovery of the Waste Water Centralized in the production process, all drop into septic tank.
F. septic tank digestion: surplus slag and waste liquid enter the precipitation of septic tank through 12-24h, can remove 50%～60% suspended substance, solid waste decomposes at the bottom of the pond, and the liquid object on upper strata enters pipeline and flows away, prevented line clogging, competent time hydrolysis has been arranged to solid waste.The mud that precipitates is through the anaerobic digestion more than 30 days, make the organism in the mud resolve into stable inorganics, putrefactive raw sludge is converted into stable ripe sludge, changed the structure of mud, reduce the water ratio of mud, reached the purpose of killing parasitic ovum and pathogen enterobacteria in the ight soil.
G. settling tank slagging-off: the sewage of collecting from previous step is imported settling tank, and waste water is gone into the pond from center, pond water inlet pipe and was stopped 2-6 hour, and suspended substance sedimentation in flowing makes delivery turbidity less than 20mg/L.
H. hydrolytic tank degraded: effusive sewage from settling tank is imported hydrolytic tank, at first inoculate digested sludge in hydrolytic tank, its input amount is that whole pond holds mean concns 10g/L～20g/L; The sewage water distributing pipe inserts from the hydrolytic tank middle and lower part, goes out water speed and is not less than 2.0m/s, guarantees sewage and digested sludge thorough mixing, and 4～8 hours residence time posthydrolysis pond goes out water suspension and is lower than 50mg/L.Macromolecular substance in the waste water becomes small-molecule substance under the effect of hydrolysis bacterium, make contaminant removal capacity improve 15%～25%, improves in the artificial swamp plant simultaneously to organic specific absorption.
I. artificial swamp purifies: artificial wet land treating system is a unit with single cylinder body, takes the series connection form to connect.How many wetland areas suits measures to local conditions according to job location and sewage quantity.The top plantation waterplant (as reed, the stem or leaf of cattail etc.) of cylinder.Cylinder body is divided into inhalant region and exhalant region two portions, separates in each cylinder body mid-way, and only the portion of keeping on file communicates:
Inhalant region: filler is coarse gravel layer (particle diameter 15～30mm, 10～20cm is thick) from the bottom to top, bird's-eye gravel layer (particle diameter 5～8mm, 10～20cm is thick), coarse sands layer (particle diameter 0.05～2mm, 60～70cm is thick), upper strata 10～30cm vegetation dirt covers, and total depth is 120～130cm.Sewage imports inhalant region from hydrolytic tank, and water (flow) direction is for from top to down, flow through successively root system of plant, coarse sand, bird's-eye gravel, coarse gravel.
Exhalant region: filler is coarse gravel layer (particle diameter 15～30mm, 10～20cm is thick) from the bottom to top, bird's-eye gravel layer (particle diameter 5～8mm, 10～20cm is thick), coarse sands layer (particle diameter 0.05～2mm, 40～50cm is thick), upper strata 10～20cm vegetation dirt covers, and total depth is 100～110cm.Sewage is from the inhalant region bottom, and the space by 15cm imports exhalant region, and water (flow) direction is on down, flow through successively coarse gravel, bird's-eye gravel, coarse sand, root system of plant.
Sewage is after treatment, and colibacillus wherein, faecalis, Salmonellas etc. all disappear.The COD clearance on average reaches 91.5%, BOD
5Clearance on average reach 97%, the clearance of TP on average reaches 90.1%, NH
4 +The clearance of-N on average reaches 98.3%.
Embodiment 1
A. the preparation of agricultural waste stalk mixture: residual leaf of vegetables that growing vegetables is produced and straw powder were with 1: 0.50 mixed, and 10 tons agricultural waste needs 5 tons straw powder, mixes 3 minutes, makes moisture 65% vegetables defective material and stalk mixture.
B. the moisture of feces of livestock and poultry is regulated: fresh ight soil is carried out preliminary hydro-extraction at prefabricated utilization of area sun power, got final product at the general 6-9 of high temperature season days, can add straw powder or rice bran at low temperature season carries out moisture and regulates, or the material after the fermentation maturity dehydration in the C step partly returned to regulate below the bright fecal water to 65%, before fresh excreta utilizes the sun power dehydration, spray microbial preparation, press down the fly maggot effect of going out to reach deodorizing.
C. fermentation: fermentation stage is divided into one time fermentation and Secondary Fermentation.
One time fermentation: residual leaf of the vegetables that modulate and stalk mixture, the ight soil and the fermenting agent that contain amount of water (moisture is below 65%) (are made up of bacillus, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, vinelandii, yeast, filamentous fungus and actinomycetes, Shanxi hundred million peaceful thing Engineering Co., Ltd produces, and interpolation 2.5～5kg) per ton mixes carries out one time fermentation.The adding proportion of agricultural waste stalk mixture, feces of livestock and poultry is that 1: 0.50 carbon-nitrogen ratio is 15.In the one time fermentation stage, 1. to work as compost temperature and reach 55 ℃, turning once every turning in 3-4 days once, keeps the interior temperature of heap at 55-65 ℃, whole process turning 3 times; 2. if temperature rises to more than 65 ℃ in the heap, turning immediately is to reduce temperature in the heap; 3. one time fermentation stops index: ordorless, and compost volume decrement 25-30% (promptly subsiding 1/3), moisture removal rate 15-25% darkens.
Secondary Fermentation: 1. this stage can be proceeded in fermenter or material be shifted the nature stacking carry out; 2. once every turning in 7 days; 3. Secondary Fermentation stops judging: available organoleptic method is judged.If the compost color is black or Vandyke brown, and is loose, no stink has argillous smell, no longer attracts fly, and water ratio just can stop fermentation below 30%.
D. aftertreatment and precision work stage: fermentation needs material is carried out impurity elimination, screening, pulverizing after stopping, the feasible commercialization characteristics that more meet, simultaneously in order to improve the field fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, main function yeast (for example bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus and/or bacillus cereus etc.), the trace element (nitrogen of adding, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium etc.), (gypsum is used for suppressing the Na in the soil to soil improvement agent
+, HCO
3 -, and CO
3 2-Plasma.) and biological catalyst (hydratase, lyase, decarboxylase and/or pyruvate carboxylase), make biological organic fertilizer, functional fertilizer.
E. the collection of refuse in the fertilizer course of processing: all surplus slags and waste liquid are comprised the mixture of leaf of vegetable and stalk, and the residual waste of fermentation maturity dehydration among the step C and the Waste Water Centralized in the production process reclaim, all drop into septic tank.
F. septic tank digestion: lower floor's solid dirt decomposes at the bottom of the pond, and the liquid dirt on upper strata enters pipeline and flows away.Sewage enters the precipitation of septic tank through 12～24h, can remove 50%～60% suspended substance.The mud that precipitates makes the organism in the mud resolve into stable inorganics through the anaerobic digestion more than 30 days, and putrefactive raw sludge is converted into stable ripe sludge.
G. settling tank slagging-off: it is 20 meters that the sewage of collecting from previous step is imported diameter, and the settling tank that the center depth of water is 3 meters, waste water are gone into the pond from center, pond water inlet pipe and stopped 2 hours, and suspended substance sedimentation in flowing makes delivery turbidity less than 20mg/L.
H. hydrolytic tank degraded: it is 10 meters that effusive sewage from settling tank is imported diameter, and in the hydrolytic tank that the degree of depth is 5 meters, inoculation digested sludge input amount is that whole pond holds mean concns 15g/L in the hydrolytic tank.The sewage water distributing pipe inserts from the hydrolytic tank middle and lower part, apart from the about 20cm of pool bottom sludge, goes out water speed and is not less than 2.0m/s.After 4～8 hours residence time, hydrolytic tank goes out water suspension and is lower than 50mg/L.
I. artificial swamp purifies: artificial wet land treating system is a unit with single cylinder body, takes the link of series connection form.The length of every cylinder is 5 meters, and wide is 2 meters, and height is 1.5 meters, top plantation reed.Cleansing phase is divided into inhalant region and exhalant region two portions, separates in each cylinder body mid-way, and the 15cm of portion that only keeps on file highly communicates:
Inhalant region: filler is that (15～30mm) 20cm are thick for particle diameter, and (5～8mm) 10cm are thick for particle diameter, and (0.05～2mm) 70cm is thick for particle diameter, and upper strata 20cm vegetation dirt covers, and total depth reaches 120cm for coarse sand for bird's-eye gravel for coarse gravel from the bottom to top.Sewage imports inhalant region from hydrolytic tank, and water (flow) direction is for from top to down, flow through successively root system of plant, coarse sand, bird's-eye gravel, coarse gravel.
Exhalant region: filler is that (15～30mm) 20cm are thick for particle diameter, and (5～8mm) 10cm are thick for particle diameter, and (0.05～2mm) 50cm is thick for particle diameter, and upper strata 20cm vegetation dirt covers, and total depth reaches 100cm for coarse sand for bird's-eye gravel for coarse gravel from the bottom to top.Sewage is from the inhalant region bottom, and the space by 15cm imports exhalant region, and water (flow) direction is on down, flow through successively coarse gravel, bird's-eye gravel, coarse sand, root system of plant.
Sewage is after process F-I step process, and colibacillus wherein, faecalis, Salmonellas etc. all disappear.The COD clearance on average reaches 91.5%, BOD
5Clearance on average reach 97%, the clearance of TP on average reaches 90.1%, NH
4 +The clearance of-N on average reaches 98.3%.
Embodiment 2
A. the preparation of agricultural waste stalk mixture: with sweet potato skin and the straw powder mixed with 1: 0.60,10 tons agricultural waste needs 6 tons straw powder, mixes 7 minutes, makes moisture 65% sweet potato skin and stalk mixture.
B. the moisture of feces of livestock and poultry is regulated: fresh ight soil is carried out preliminary hydro-extraction at prefabricated utilization of area sun power, got final product at the general 6-9 of high temperature season days, can add straw powder or rice bran at low temperature season carries out moisture and regulates, or the material after the fermentation maturity dehydration in the C step partly returned to regulate below the bright fecal water to 65%, before fresh excreta utilizes the sun power dehydration, spray microbial preparation, press down the fly maggot effect of going out to reach deodorizing.
C. fermentation: fermentation stage is divided into one time fermentation and Secondary Fermentation.
One time fermentation: sweet potato skin and the stalk mixture that modulates, ight soil and the fermenting agent that contains amount of water (moisture is below 65%) (are made up of bacillus, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, vinelandii, yeast, filamentous fungus and actinomycetes, Shanxi hundred million peaceful thing Engineering Co., Ltd produces, and interpolation 2.5～5kg) per ton mixes carries out one time fermentation.The adding proportion of agricultural waste stalk mixture, feces of livestock and poultry is that 1: 0.60 carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25.In the one time fermentation stage, 1. to work as compost temperature and reach 55 ℃, turning once every turning in 3-4 days once, keeps the interior temperature of heap at 55-65 ℃, whole process turning 3 times; 2. if temperature rises to more than 65 ℃ in the heap, turning immediately is to reduce temperature in the heap; 3. one time fermentation stops index: ordorless, and compost volume decrement 25-30% (promptly subsiding 1/3), moisture removal rate 15-25% darkens.
Secondary Fermentation: 1. this stage can be proceeded in fermenter or material be shifted the nature stacking carry out; 2. once every turning in 7 days; 3. Secondary Fermentation stops judging: available organoleptic method is judged.If the compost color is black or Vandyke brown, and is loose, no stink has argillous smell, no longer attracts fly, and water ratio just can stop fermentation below 30%.
D. aftertreatment and precision work stage: fermentation needs material is carried out impurity elimination, screening, pulverizing after stopping, the feasible commercialization characteristics that more meet, simultaneously in order to improve the field fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, main function yeast (for example bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus and/or bacillus cereus etc.), the trace element (nitrogen of adding, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium etc.), (gypsum is used for suppressing the Na in the soil to soil improvement agent
+, HCO
3 -, and CO
3 2-Plasma) and biological catalyst (hydratase, lyase, decarboxylase and/or pyruvate carboxylase), make biological organic fertilizer, functional fertilizer.
E. the collection of refuse in the fertilizer course of processing: all surplus slags and the mixture of waste liquid, and the residual waste of fermentation maturity dehydration among the step C and the recovery of the Waste Water Centralized in the production process, all drop into septic tank.
F. septic tank digestion: solid dirt decomposes at the bottom of the pond, and the liquid dirt on upper strata enters pipeline and flows away.Sewage enters the precipitation of septic tank through 12～24h, can remove 50%～60% suspended substance.The mud that precipitates makes the organism in the mud resolve into stable inorganics through the anaerobic digestion more than 30 days, and putrefactive raw sludge is converted into stable ripe sludge.
G. settling tank slagging-off: collect sewage importing diameter from previous step is 20 meters, and the settling tank that the center depth of water is 3 meters, waste water are gone into the pond from center, pond water inlet pipe and stopped 2 hours, and suspended substance sedimentation in flowing makes delivery turbidity less than 20mg/L.
H. hydrolytic tank degraded: it is 10 meters that effusive sewage from settling tank is imported diameter, and in the hydrolytic tank that the degree of depth is 5 meters, inoculation digested sludge input amount is that whole pond holds mean concns 15g/L in the hydrolytic tank.The sewage water distributing pipe inserts from the hydrolytic tank middle and lower part, apart from the about 20cm of pool bottom sludge, goes out water speed and is not less than 2.0m/s.After 4～8 hours residence time, hydrolytic tank goes out water suspension and is lower than 50mg/L.
I. artificial swamp purifies: artificial wet land treating system is a unit with single cylinder body, takes the link of series connection form.The length of every cylinder is 5 meters, and wide is 2 meters, and height is 1.5 meters, top plantation reed.Cleansing phase is divided into inhalant region and exhalant region two portions, separates in each cylinder body mid-way, and the 15cm of portion that only keeps on file highly communicates:
Inhalant region: filler is that (15～30mm) 20cm are thick for particle diameter, and (5～8mm) 10cm are thick for particle diameter, and (0.05～2mm) 70cm is thick for particle diameter, and upper strata 20cm vegetation dirt covers, and total depth reaches 120cm for coarse sand for bird's-eye gravel for coarse gravel from the bottom to top.Sewage imports inhalant region from hydrolytic tank, and water (flow) direction is for from top to down, flow through successively root system of plant, coarse sand, bird's-eye gravel, coarse gravel.
Exhalant region: filler is that (15～30mm) 20cm are thick for particle diameter, and (5～8mm) 10cm are thick for particle diameter, and (0.05～2mm) 50cm is thick for particle diameter, and upper strata 20cm vegetation dirt covers, and total depth reaches 100cm for coarse sand for bird's-eye gravel for coarse gravel from the bottom to top.Sewage is from the inhalant region bottom, and the space by 15cm imports exhalant region, and water (flow) direction is on down, flow through successively coarse gravel, bird's-eye gravel, coarse sand, root system of plant.
Sewage is after process F-I step process, and colibacillus wherein, faecalis, Salmonellas etc. all disappear.The COD clearance on average reaches 90.7%, BOD
5Clearance on average reach 95%, the clearance of TP on average reaches 92.5%, NH
4 +The clearance of-N on average reaches 97.9%.
Embodiment 3
A. the preparation of agricultural waste stalk mixture: with Herba Eichhorniae powder and the straw powder mixed with 1: 0.55,10 tons agricultural waste needs 5.5 tons straw powder, mixes 7 minutes, makes moisture 65% Herba Eichhorniae and stalk mixture.
B. the moisture of feces of livestock and poultry is regulated: fresh ight soil is carried out preliminary hydro-extraction at prefabricated utilization of area sun power, got final product at the general 6-9 of high temperature season days, can add straw powder or rice bran at low temperature season carries out moisture and regulates, or the material after the fermentation maturity dehydration in the C step partly returned to regulate below the bright fecal water to 65%, before fresh excreta utilizes the sun power dehydration, spray microbial preparation, press down the fly maggot effect of going out to reach deodorizing.
C. fermentation: fermentation stage is divided into one time fermentation and Secondary Fermentation.
One time fermentation: Herba Eichhorniae and the stalk mixture that modulates, ight soil and the fermenting agent that contains amount of water (moisture is below 65%) (are made up of bacillus, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, vinelandii, yeast, filamentous fungus and actinomycetes, Shanxi hundred million peaceful thing Engineering Co., Ltd produces, and interpolation 2.5～5kg) per ton mixes carries out one time fermentation.The adding proportion of agricultural waste stalk mixture, feces of livestock and poultry is that 1: 0.50 carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25.In the one time fermentation stage, 1. to work as compost temperature and reach 55 ℃, turning once every turning in 3-4 days once, keeps the interior temperature of heap at 55-65 ℃, whole process turning 3 times; 2. if temperature rises to more than 65 ℃ in the heap, turning immediately is to reduce temperature in the heap; 3. one time fermentation stops index: ordorless, and compost volume decrement 25-30% (promptly subsiding 1/3), moisture removal rate 15-25% darkens.
Secondary Fermentation: 1. this stage can be proceeded in fermenter or material be shifted the nature stacking carry out; 2. once every turning in 7 days; 3. Secondary Fermentation stops judging: available organoleptic method is judged.If the compost color is black or Vandyke brown, and is loose, no stink has argillous smell, no longer attracts fly, and water ratio just can stop fermentation below 30%.
D. aftertreatment and precision work stage: fermentation needs material is carried out impurity elimination, screening, pulverizing after stopping, the feasible commercialization characteristics that more meet, simultaneously in order to improve the field fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, main function yeast (for example bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus and/or bacillus cereus etc.), the trace element (nitrogen of adding, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium etc.), (gypsum is used for suppressing the Na in the soil to soil improvement agent
+, HCO
3 -, and CO
3 2-Plasma) and biological catalyst (hydratase, lyase, decarboxylase and/or pyruvate carboxylase), make biological organic fertilizer, functional fertilizer.
E. the collection of refuse in the fertilizer course of processing: all surplus slags and the mixture of waste liquid, and the residual waste of fermentation maturity dehydration among the step C and the recovery of the Waste Water Centralized in the production process, all drop into septic tank.
F. septic tank digestion: solid dirt decomposes at the bottom of the pond, and the liquid dirt on upper strata enters pipeline and flows away.Sewage enters the precipitation of septic tank through 12～24h, can remove 50%～60% suspended substance.The mud that precipitates makes the organism in the mud resolve into stable inorganics through the anaerobic digestion more than 30 days, and putrefactive raw sludge is converted into stable ripe sludge.
G. settling tank slagging-off: collect sewage importing diameter from previous step is 20 meters, and the settling tank that the center depth of water is 3 meters, waste water are gone into the pond from center, pond water inlet pipe and stopped 2 hours, and suspended substance sedimentation in flowing makes delivery turbidity less than 20mg/L.
H. hydrolytic tank degraded: it is 10 meters that effusive sewage from settling tank is imported diameter, and in the hydrolytic tank that the degree of depth is 5 meters, inoculation digested sludge input amount is that whole pond holds mean concns 15g/L in the hydrolytic tank.The sewage water distributing pipe inserts from the hydrolytic tank middle and lower part, apart from the about 20cm of pool bottom sludge, goes out water speed and is not less than 2.0m/s.After 4～8 hours residence time, hydrolytic tank goes out water suspension and is lower than 50mg/L.
I. artificial swamp purifies: artificial wet land treating system is a unit with single cylinder body, takes the link of series connection form.The length of every cylinder is 5 meters, and wide is 2 meters, and height is 1.5 meters, top plantation reed.Cleansing phase is divided into inhalant region and exhalant region two portions, separates in each cylinder body mid-way, and the 15cm of portion that only keeps on file highly communicates:
Inhalant region: filler is that (15～30mm) 20cm are thick for particle diameter, and (5～8mm) 10cm are thick for particle diameter, and (0.05～2mm) 70cm is thick for particle diameter, and upper strata 20cm vegetation dirt covers, and total depth reaches 120cm for coarse sand for bird's-eye gravel for coarse gravel from the bottom to top.Sewage imports inhalant region from hydrolytic tank, and water (flow) direction is for from top to down, flow through successively root system of plant, coarse sand, bird's-eye gravel, coarse gravel.
Exhalant region: filler is that (15～30mm) 20cm are thick for particle diameter, and (5～8mm) 10cm are thick for particle diameter, and (0.05～2mm) 50cm is thick for particle diameter, and upper strata 20cm vegetation dirt covers, and total depth reaches 100cm for coarse sand for bird's-eye gravel for coarse gravel from the bottom to top.Sewage is from the inhalant region bottom, and the space by 15cm imports exhalant region, and water (flow) direction is on down, flow through successively coarse gravel, bird's-eye gravel, coarse sand, root system of plant.
Sewage is after process F-I step process, and colibacillus wherein, faecalis, Salmonellas etc. all disappear.The COD clearance on average reaches 91%, BOD
5Clearance on average reach 95.5%, the clearance of TP on average reaches 91%, NH
4 +The clearance of-N on average reaches 98%.
Claims (10)
1. feces of livestock and poultry processing novel fertilizer and artificial swamp comprehensive utilization method, it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:
A. straw powder is mixed with the defective material that growing vegetables produces, be modulated into agricultural waste stalk mixture, water content is 55%～65%;
B. fresh feces of livestock and poultry is carried out moisture and regulate, water content is adjusted to below 65%;
C. above-mentioned agricultural waste stalk mixture and feces of livestock and poultry and fermenting agent are mixed, then successively through stopping fermentation after one time fermentation, dehydration, turning regularly, Secondary Fermentation, the turning regularly;
D. make fertilizer through after impurity elimination, screening and the pulverization process;
E. surplus slag that produces in the fertilizer course of processing by the a-d step and waste liquid all enter septic tank digestion;
F. enter settling tank stop sedimentation in 2～6 hours through the liquid manure after the digestion process and remove slag, make delivery turbidity less than 20mg/L;
G. the upper strata liquid importing hydrolytic tank in the settling tank carries out degradation treatment, at first in hydrolytic tank, inoculate digested sludge, the sewage water distributing pipe inserts from the hydrolytic tank middle and lower part, guarantees sewage and digested sludge thorough mixing, and 4～8 hours residence time posthydrolysis pond goes out water suspension and is lower than 50mg/L;
H. the small molecules sewage after the degraded is introduced artificial wet land treating system and carry out degradation by bacteria and plant absorbing.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the defective material that described growing vegetables produces comprises leaf of vegetable, sweet potato skin and/or Herba Eichhorniae powder.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described agricultural waste stalk mixture is to be made by 1: 0.50～0.60 mixed by defective material and stalk that growing vegetables produces, and mixing time is not less than 3 minutes.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the moisture regulating step of described step b is to be dewatered by sun power by fresh feces of livestock and poultry, perhaps fresh feces of livestock and poultry adds straw powder or Herba Eichhorniae powder, or the material after the fermentation maturity dehydration in the c step partly is returned in the fresh feces of livestock and poultry, thereby the moisture of feces of livestock and poultry is adjusted to below 65%.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the agricultural waste stalk mixture among the described step c before the fermentation and the adding proportion of feces of livestock and poultry are 1: 0.50～0.70, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 15～25.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also be included in the precision work step of adding function yeast, trace element, soil improvement agent and/or biological catalyst in the fertilizer after the described steps d.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described function yeast is bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus and/or bacillus cereus.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described surplus slag and waste liquid comprise the mixture of leaf of vegetable, sweet potato skin, Herba Eichhorniae, feces of livestock and poultry and stalk, and the residual waste of fermentation maturity dehydration among the step c and the waste water in the production process.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the septic tank digestive process comprises that surplus slag and waste liquid precipitated through 12～24 hours, can remove 50%～60% suspended substance among the described step e in septic tank; The mud that precipitates is through the anaerobic digestion more than 30 days, to reach the purpose of killing parasitic ovum and pathogen enterobacteria in the ight soil.
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described artificial wet land treating system is a unit with single cylinder body, takes the series connection form to connect; Cylinder body is divided into inhalant region and exhalant region two portions, separates in each cylinder body mid-way, and only the portion of keeping on file communicates; Wherein
Inhalant region, filler is followed successively by the coarse gravel layer of particle diameter 15～30mm thickness 10～20cm from the bottom to top, the bird's-eye gravel layer of particle diameter 5～8mm thickness 10～20cm, the coarse sands layer of particle diameter 0.05～2mm thickness 60～70cm, the upper strata is that 10～30cm vegetation dirt covers, plantation waterplant on it; Sewage imports inhalant region from hydrolytic tank, and water (flow) direction is for from top to down;
Exhalant region, filler is followed successively by the coarse gravel layer of particle diameter 15～30mm thickness 10～20cm from the bottom to top, the bird's-eye gravel layer of particle diameter 5～8mm thickness 10～20cm, the coarse sands layer of particle diameter 0.05～2mm thickness 40～50cm, the upper strata is that 10～20cm vegetation dirt covers, plantation waterplant on it; Sewage imports exhalant region from the path of inhalant region bottom, and water (flow) direction is on down.
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| CN105984955A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-10-05 | 安徽建筑大学 | Method for treating wastewater by green constructed wetland comprising livestock waste |
| CN108117982A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 国家电网公司 | Inland city's fermentation of organic wastes supplying hot water method and system that intelligent grid is supported |
| CN110194686A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-03 | 宁德东狮山现代农业有限公司 | A kind of processing method of organic waste fertilizer |
| CN110436719A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-12 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of processing method of rural area cattle and sheep breeding wastewater |
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