CN102351593A - Method for preparing microbial biocontrol organic fertilizer from sludge and chaff of edible fungi - Google Patents
Method for preparing microbial biocontrol organic fertilizer from sludge and chaff of edible fungi Download PDFInfo
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- CN102351593A CN102351593A CN2011101629905A CN201110162990A CN102351593A CN 102351593 A CN102351593 A CN 102351593A CN 2011101629905 A CN2011101629905 A CN 2011101629905A CN 201110162990 A CN201110162990 A CN 201110162990A CN 102351593 A CN102351593 A CN 102351593A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention which discloses a method for preparing a microbial biocontrol organic fertilizer from sludge and chaff of edible fungi belongs to the technical field of sludge harmlessness processing and agricultural waste resource utilization. A key technology of the method is that the microbial biocontrol organic fertilizer is obtained through inoculating Trichoderma to the chaff of edible fungi, mixing the chaff with the sludge after fermentation and culture, and fermenting. The method of the invention, which allows the sludge to be harmlessly processed and the chaff of edible fungi to be reused, allows the environment pollution to be reduced. By adopting the organic fertilizer prepared through the method of the invention, soil is improved, the soil fertility is increased, and various plant diseases can be controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing mud and edible fungus bran to prepare mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer, belong to sewage sludge harmlessness and handle and agriculture and forestry organic waste material application technology as the second resource field.
Background technology
Characteristics such as chemical fertilizer has the nutrient composition content height, the unit surface consumption is few, use is extensive, make things convenient for, fertilizer efficiency is fast have been brought into play vital role in agriculture prodn.But use chemical fertilizer for a long time in a large number, can cause the soil micro-ecosystem environmental degradation, the nutrients ratio imbalance causes crop quality to descend.The microbial organic fertilizer organotrophy is comprehensive, and contains a large amount of mikrobes, can nurse one's health soil, overcomes soil compaction, increase soil permeability, increases soil fertility.
Mud is the waste that produces in the sewage purification treating processes.China mainly contains burning, landfill and three kinds of modes of sludge composting to the method for disposal of mud at present.The burning method investment is big, running cost is high, and the sulfurous gas that produces is with waste gas such as dioxin can cause topsoil.Cost is low, capacity is big though landfill is disposed, simple, need take the land resources of a large amount of preciousnesses, and percolate is prone to the polluted underground water environment.Sludge composting is to utilize the mikrobe in the mud that organism is carried out oxygenolysis, finally is converted into the process of the higher class soil ulmin of stability.Mud is after compost treatment; Can not only effectively eliminate stink, kill pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ovum, and the available nutrient that forms after the organic matter decomposition in the mud is more conducive to plant absorbing, is applied to the farmland structure of can improving the soil; Increase soil fertility, promote the growth of crop.
Edible fungus bran is to utilize stalk, wood chip, straw, corn cob, bagasse, cotton seed hulls etc. for main raw material carries out the edible mushrooms substituting stuff cultivation, and the residuum behind the results edible mushrooms is called mushroom slag, bacterium slag, edible fungus culturing waste material or waste mushroom stick etc. again.Edible fungus bran contains higher protein and other nutritive ingredients, has higher utility value, if arbitrarily abandoned or stack, not only wastes resource, also can land occupation, and cause mould and insect to grow contaminate environment.
Wood is mould to distribute extensively at occurring in nature, is a kind of important biocontrol microorganisms, and plurality of plant diseases is all had the better prevention effect.Utilize the mould cost of grain-production wood high, and it is mould to utilize straw, rice husk, bagasse, beet pulp, edible fungus bran even mud the like waste to produce wood, then can reduce production costs greatly, and effectively solves the handling problem of waste.Chinese patent ZL200610088868.7 has invented a kind of method of utilizing active sludge and straw, bagasse or beet pulp to prepare biocontrol trichoderma agent; Chinese patent ZL 200810011186.5 has invented mould spore microbial inoculum of a kind of wood and preparation method thereof, and the main raw material that uses is edible fungus bran.But Shang Weijian utilizes mud and edible fungus bran preparation to have the report of the mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer of fertilizer and biological control double effects.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming and deficiency that remedies prior art; Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method of utilizing mud and edible fungus bran to prepare mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer; Another object of the present invention provides a kind of mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer of method for preparing, and wooden mould spore content is 10 in this mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer
5～10
10Individual spore/gram.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of utilizing mud and edible fungus bran to prepare mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer, this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) compounding edible fungus bacterium chaff solid medium;
(2) the wooden mould spore suspension of inoculation in the edible fungus bran solid medium is cultivated, and obtains wooden mould culture;
(3) with mould culture of wood and mud thorough mixing; The gained mixture carries out aerobic fermentation; Aerobic and the facultative aerobe of in the wooden mould and mud in the mixture some is decomposed the larger molecular organics in the mixture, make it become the small-molecule substance of crop absorption growth for the benefit of;
(4) mixture behind the aerobic fermentation is left standstill, carry out Secondary Fermentation, make further decomposition of remaining larger molecular organics quilt in the mixture;
(5) with the drying of the mixture behind the Secondary Fermentation, pulverizing, screening, the undesirable screening thing of collection cut size is subsequent use; The satisfactory screening thing of collection cut size promptly gets mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer.
The mould biocontrol trichoderma bacterium of wherein said wood, for example one or more in viride (Trichoderma viride), trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum), hook-shaped wood mould (Trichoderma hamatum), yellow green trichoderma (Trichoderma aureoviride), tangerine green trichoderma (Trichoderma citrinoriride), green sticking broom mould (Trichoderma virens) and the koning trichoderma (Trichoderma koningii) for plurality of plant diseases is had parasitism or antagonistic action.
Described mud is the dewatered sludge of water ratio below 80%.
In order to alleviate or to eliminate heavy metal in the mud, add metal fixing agent and mixing in advance in the mud in step (3) to the potential hazard of ecotope.Said metal fixing agent be can active adsorption mud in the material of heavy metal, for example zeolite, flyash, bamboo charcoal and wilkinite etc.
The undesirable screening thing of collecting in the step (5) of particle diameter is joined in the mixture of wooden mould culture and mud in the step (3), and then carry out aerobic fermentation, both can quicken the aerobic fermentation process, can avoid waste again.
A kind of mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer according to method for preparing, wooden mould spore content is 10 in this mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer
5～10
10Individual spore/gram.
Advantage of the present invention and positively effect are:
1, heat production in the sludge aerobic fermenting process, temperature reaches as high as 60 ℃ even higher, and the mould optimum growth temperature of wood is about 30 ℃.It is mould that the present invention utilizes edible fungus bran to cultivate wood earlier, and then mixes with mud and to ferment wooden mould content height in the fertilizer finished product.
2, the present invention's harmless treatment of not being merely mud provides a kind of effective means, can also solve the edible mushrooms producing region because the bacterium chaff is stacked the problem of environmental pollution that causes, and promotes the utility value of edible fungus bran.
3, in the sludge aerobic fermentation, add edible fungus bran, can change the C/N ratio of mud, promote microbial growth in the mud, the edible fungus bran itself after the fermentation also can be used as fertilizer simultaneously.
4, the fertilizer of the inventive method preparation can increase soil fertility, improves the soil, and simultaneously because of containing the mould biocontrol microorganisms of a large amount of wood, can effectively prevent and treat plurality of plant diseases.
Embodiment
Further specify in the face of the present invention down, purpose is to help the reader to understand spirit of the present invention better, but not as the qualification to practical range of the present invention.
Utilize mud and edible fungus bran to prepare mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer according to following step:
(1) compounding edible fungus bacterium chaff solid medium.
Select to expect that agllutination is real, nothing is gone mouldy and the edible fungus bran of rotten composition, be dried the back and pulverize, also can directly pulverize that add water, the adjusting water cut is 40～80%, is preferably 60～70%; Regulating the pH value is 5.0～7.0, is preferably 5.5～6.5, is solid medium.As required, can also in the edible fungus bran after pulverizing, add one or more auxiliary material, and then regulate water cut and pH value.The material of said auxiliary material wooden mould growth for the benefit of; Glucide such as glucose, sucrose, molasses, starch and starch hydrolyzates for example; Nitrogenous substancess such as ammoniacal liquor, ammonium salt, nitrate salt, urea, peptone, fish meal, yeast powder, Semen Maydis powder, soybean cake powder, cotton seed cake; Inorganic salt such as potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, lime carbonate, and wheat bran, amino acid and VITAMINs etc.The ratio of auxiliary material and edible fungus bran can suitably be selected; For example; When the auxiliary material that adds was Semen Maydis powder, potassium primary phosphate and sal epsom, the weight ratio of auxiliary material and edible fungus bran was chosen as Semen Maydis powder: potassium primary phosphate: sal epsom: edible fungus bran=5～20: 0.02～1: 0.01～1: 100.The gained solid medium can directly use, and use the back of also can sterilizing.Sterilising method commonly used is a high-temperature sterilization, and temperature is 105～135 ℃, is preferably 115～125 ℃; Sterilization time is 10～60 minutes, is preferably 20～40 minutes.
(2) the wooden mould spore suspension of inoculation in the edible fungus bran solid medium is cultivated, and obtains wooden mould culture.
The wooden mould spore suspension of being inoculated and the weight ratio of solid medium are 2～20%, are preferably 5～15%, and wooden mould spore content is 10 in the wooden mould spore suspension
5～10
10Individual spore/mL.Culture temperature is the temperature that is suitable for wooden mould growth, for example 25～30 ℃, and can be regularly between during cultivation or continuously stirring, stirring; Can also feed through filtered air regular or continuously; Humidity remains on 60～80%, and incubation time is 3～15 days, preferred 5～10 days.
(3) with mould culture of wood and the dewatered sludge thorough mixing of water ratio below 80%, the gained mixture carries out aerobic fermentation.
The blending ratio of mould culture of wood and dewatered sludge is unrestricted, can select as required.The metal fixing agent that can in dewatered sludge, add one or more in advance with the heavy metal in the absorption mud, avoids it to be discharged in the soil.The addition of metal fixing agent can be selected the content of heavy metal in the adsorptive power of heavy metal and the dewatered sludge according to the metal fixing agent.In order to realize aerobic fermentation, need in the fermenting process to stir with (or) feed through filtered air, can regularly stir with (or) ventilation, also can continuously stirring with (or) ventilation.Leavening temperature is no more than 60 ℃ usually, and humidity remains on 60～80%, and fermentation time is 5～15 days.
(4) mixture behind the aerobic fermentation is left standstill, carry out Secondary Fermentation.
Secondary Fermentation belongs to ageing process, and the mode that adopts nature to place need not stir and ventilate, and generally need not control leavening temperature yet, and fermentation time is 5～30 days.
(5) mixture behind the Secondary Fermentation is dry, pulverize, screening, the undesirable screening thing of collection cut size joins in the mixture of wooden mould culture and dewatered sludge in the step (3), utilization again, add-on can be 5～50% of dewatered sludge weight; The satisfactory screening thing of collection cut size promptly gets mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer, and its wooden mould spore content can reach 10
5～10
10Individual spore/gram.
Embodiment 1:
Selecting to expect that agllutination is real, nothing is gone mouldy and the edible fungus bran of rotten composition, be dried the back and pulverize, is main raw material preparation solid medium with the edible fungus bran after the pulverizing; Culture medium prescription is: edible fungus bran 91%; Semen Maydis powder 8.7%, potassium primary phosphate 0.2%, sal epsom 0.1%.Add water, regulating water cut is 65%, and the pH value is 6.0,120 ℃ of sterilizations 30 minutes, and 10% inoculum size inoculation viride spore suspension (wooden mould spore content about 10 in the suspension-s is pressed in the cooling back
8Individual spore/mL) is cultivated under relative humidity 70%, 28 ℃ condition, regularly stirs between during cultivation, stirring, cultivates that solid medium is green after 7 days, cultivates end.The dewatered sludge of gained mould culture of wood and water ratio 80% is pressed 1: 2 weight ratio thorough mixing, under the condition of relative humidity 70%, carry out aerobic fermentation, temperature is controlled in 50 ℃ in the fermenting process, regularly stirs and feeds through filtered air.Behind the aerobic fermentation 10 days, leave standstill, carry out Secondary Fermentation, ageing; After 10 days that mixture is dry, pulverize, screening; The undesirable screening thing of collection cut size is subsequent use, and the satisfactory screening thing of gained particle diameter is mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer, its wooden mould spore content about 2.4 * 10
8Individual spore/gram.
Embodiment 2:
After being edible fungus bran solid medium sterilization, cooling with embodiment 1 difference, inoculum size inoculation viride spore suspension (the wooden mould spore content about 10 in the suspension-s by 3%
9Individual spore/mL), inoculate trichoderma harziarum spore suspension (wooden mould spore content about 10 in the suspension-s by 3% inoculum size again
9Individual spore/mL), cultivate then.
Embodiment 3:
Be the dewatered sludge of mould culture of gained wood and the water ratio 80% weight ratio mixing by 2: 1 is carried out aerobic fermentation, 28～32 ℃ of leavening temperatures, wooden mould spore content about 1.1 * 10 in the gained mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer then with embodiment 1 difference
9Individual spore/gram.
Embodiment 4:
Be that with embodiment 1 difference in the dewatered sludge of water ratio 80%, adding weight in advance is the zeolite and the mixing of dewatered sludge 5%, and then mix, carry out aerobic fermentation with the mould culture of wood.
Embodiment 5:
Be with embodiment 1 difference, the undesirable screening thing of collecting among the embodiment 1 of particle diameter joined in the mixture of dewatered sludge of wooden mould culture and water ratio 80% mixing, aerobic fermentation 7 days.The weight of the undesirable screening thing of the particle diameter that is added is 10% of dewatered sludge.Wooden mould spore content about 2.7 * 10 in the gained mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer
8Individual spore/gram.
Claims (4)
1. method of utilizing mud and edible fungus bran to prepare mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) compounding edible fungus bacterium chaff solid medium;
(2) the wooden mould spore suspension of inoculation in the edible fungus bran solid medium is cultivated, and obtains wooden mould culture;
(3) with mould culture of wood and mud thorough mixing, the gained mixture carries out aerobic fermentation;
(4) mixture behind the aerobic fermentation is left standstill, carry out Secondary Fermentation;
(5) with the drying of the mixture behind the Secondary Fermentation, pulverizing, screening, the undesirable screening thing of collection cut size is subsequent use; The satisfactory screening thing of collection cut size promptly gets mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer.
2. the method for utilizing mud and edible fungus bran to prepare mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that adding metal fixing agent and mixing in advance in the mud in step (3).
3. the method for utilizing mud and edible fungus bran to prepare mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer according to claim 1; It is characterized in that adding the undesirable screening thing of step (5) gained particle diameter in the mixture of wooden mould culture and mud in step (3), carry out aerobic fermentation again.
4. according to the mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer of the described method preparation of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that wooden mould spore content is 10 in the described mikrobe biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer
5～10
10Individual spore/gram.
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Cited By (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103992956A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-08-20 | 山东省科学院中日友好生物技术研究中心 | Method for preparing trichoderma biocontrol microbial agent by using edible fungus chaff |
| CN104496582A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-08 | 常熟市添源环保科技有限公司 | Deodorization method for sludge composting fermentation |
| CN105218276A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The production method of the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of a kind of apple |
| CN108218554A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-06-29 | 常州市瑞泰物资有限公司 | A kind of method that fertilizer is prepared using edible fungus bran |
| CN111533605A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-14 | 漳州市玖合环保科技有限公司 | Treatment method of sludge of sewage treatment plant, organic fertilizer and preparation method of organic fertilizer |
| CN112760234A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-05-07 | 吉林农业大学 | Trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride liquid culture medium and preparation method of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride microbial inoculum |
| CN113564070A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-29 | 江苏稼润农业开发有限公司 | Biological control enzyme fermentation strain system for edible fungi, fermentation method and application of biological control enzyme fermentation strain system in rice seedling stage for disease resistance |
| CN114711120A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-08 | 沈阳大学 | Development of municipal domestic sludge-fungus chaff composite lawn culture medium |
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| CN103992956A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-08-20 | 山东省科学院中日友好生物技术研究中心 | Method for preparing trichoderma biocontrol microbial agent by using edible fungus chaff |
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| CN112760234B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-01-31 | 吉林农业大学 | Trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride liquid culture medium and preparation method of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride microbial inoculum |
| CN113564070A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-29 | 江苏稼润农业开发有限公司 | Biological control enzyme fermentation strain system for edible fungi, fermentation method and application of biological control enzyme fermentation strain system in rice seedling stage for disease resistance |
| CN113564070B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-11-28 | 江苏稼润农业开发有限公司 | Edible fungus bio-fermentation element fermentation strain, fermentation method and application of edible fungus bio-fermentation element fermentation strain in rice seedling stage disease resistance |
| CN114711120A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-08 | 沈阳大学 | Development of municipal domestic sludge-fungus chaff composite lawn culture medium |
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Application publication date: 20120215 |