CN105218276A - The production method of the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of a kind of apple - Google Patents
The production method of the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of a kind of apple Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The present invention relates to the production method of the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of a kind of apple, subtilis, candida tropicalis, koning trichoderma is adopted to carry out mixed fermentation to edible fungi residue, obtain organic matrix, get bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens ferment to the organic matrix after above-mentioned fermentation again, obtain fermentation fertilizer, in above-mentioned fermentation fertilizer, add trace element mixing, granulate, after drying, to obtain final product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of microbial fermentation, particularly the production method of the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of a kind of apple.
Background technology
Xanthohumic acid (FulvicAcids, a code name FA) mainly class contains the complex mixture of the macromole fragrant-aliphatic series hydroxycarboxylic acid of active function groups.It has, and molecular weight is little, active gene is high, improve soil, improve ground temperature, impel well developed root system, effectively regulates soil acidity or alkalinity, solves the unique effects of the aspects such as soil compaction.In dry situation, reduce crop Stomatal complexes, drought-relief and protection of the harvest.Its application is main as follows:
Xanthohumic acid and other inorganic fertilizer (as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc.) with the use of, can fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, slowly-releasing potassium, impel effective ingredient to transform, as early as possible utilization absorbed by crops, improve various effective ingredient-use rate more than 80%.The application of xanthohumic acid on fruit tree: can impel fruit tree well developed root system, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, improves fruit-setting rate, strengthens fresh fruit color and luster, improves fruit quality, and for shelf-stable after results, prevents root rot, has good opsonization to the disease of fruit tree, sick branch.
Also few about apple organic fertilizer special at present, the present invention adds corresponding nutritive element and somatomedin after mainly utilizing microorganism to carry out solid fermentation to corresponding Edible Fungi waste bacterial slag as main raw material, produce the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of a kind of apple, the needs of Apple Growth can be met on the one hand, make edible fungi residue the like waste obtain recycle on the other hand, therefore have great importance.
At present, the edible fungi residue output of China's suitability for industrialized production is huge, but how to carry out environmental protection to bacterium slag and effectively process, and is but never well solved; Bacterium slags a large amount of is every year with useless rod or bank up on the spot, or directly applies Tanaka, on the one hand, causes the huge waste of agriculture organic resource; On the other hand, cause the deterioration of surrounding environment, microbial reproduction, pathophoresis, cause to neighbouring resident living environment and have a strong impact on, cause significant damage also to neighbouring mushroom industry.
Therefore, in the urgent need to providing a kind of simple, efficient, edible fungi residue recoverying and utilizing method that the treatment time is short, applied widely.
Summary of the invention:
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of production method and the technique that adopt fermentation edible fungi residue to prepare the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of apple.Ferment to bacterium slag according to edible fungi residue decomposition principle, probiotics that microecological balance principle selectivity is excellent, between bacterial classification, alternate is mutually beneficial again, mutually not antagonism.
Microorganism utilizes macromolecular substance remaining in bacterium slag as nutritive substance, carry out normal growth and breeding and metabolism, in process, the macromolecular substance in edible fungi residue is utilized and be converted into various small-molecule substance, and as amino acid etc. can be absorbed and used by plants in these small molecules, simultaneously, by the Metabolic activity of microorganism, improve the structure of soil, improve the proportion of the available state of the elements such as plant available N, P, K in soil; Some secondary metabolites that microbiota metabolic activity produces, can strengthen the resistance of plant.Meanwhile, can produce high temperature during fermentation in microbial metabolism, fermentation period continuous high temperature, effectively can kill harmful microorganism or worm's ovum in edible fungi residue, the effective, harmlessization realizing edible fungi residue utilizes.
Carry out the strain separating of microorganism targetedly, screening, purifying and strain identification, and its physio-biochemical characteristics are studied, obtain the germ plasm resource of available microbial strains.The present invention studies the combined fermentation of multiple-microorganism, explores the complex ferment technique of multiple-microorganism syntrophism breeding, in laboratory conditions, realizes the co-fermentation of multiple-microorganism.Carry out the experiment that fermentable edible fungi residue produces microbial organic fertilizer, explore every technic index of fermentation, determine clear and definite Technology flow process, and carry out the pilot scale research of actual production.To the fertilizer first product that obtains of fermenting, carry out research composite targetedly, improve fertilizer both effectiveness while strengthen the comprehensive of fertilizer function.
The new process for producing adopting fermentation edible fungi residue to prepare apple special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer provides scheme as follows:
A production method for the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of apple, adopts subtilis, candida tropicalis, trichoderma pseudokiningii to carry out mixed fermentation to edible fungi residue, must containing the organic matrix of xanthohumic acid.Get bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens ferment to above-mentioned organic matrix again, obtain the organic fermentation fertilizer of microorganism.Add trace element mixing, drying in above-mentioned fermentation fertilizer after, to obtain final product.
Preferably, described edible mushrooms is one or more in flat mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom or white beech mushroom.
Preferably, described trace element is one or more in calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron.
Above-mentioned production method specifically comprises the steps,
(1) get subtilis, Candida tropicalis, trichoderma pseudokiningii bacterium bacterial classification carry out inoculation culture respectively, obtain corresponding seed liquor;
(2) process of edible fungi residue bacterium slag: take dry mushroom bacterium slag bacterium, water, chicken manure, be placed in fermentation vat, stir to be seeded;
(3) be inoculated in edible fungi residue to be seeded successively by above-mentioned fermentation seed liquid, total inoculum size is 2-3%, at 32 DEG C, cultivate 8--10 days, and every day, machinery turned, organic matrix of must fermenting;
(4) get bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, carry out liquid culture respectively, obtain corresponding seed liquor;
(5) fermented bacterium step (4) obtained is by bacillus megaterium: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering: subtilis=1-3:2-5:1-3 adds in the fermentation vat after Fermentation Fulvic Acid's the 3-5 days that again ferments, bacterial classification addition is 10-20%, obtains the microorganism organic fertilizer containing a large amount of xanthohumic acid;
(6) fertilizer after fermentation step (5) obtained, adds appropriate trace element, carries out oven drying at low temperature or granulation, to obtain final product after mixing.
Preferably, in step (1), described subtilis: Candida tropicalis: the ratio of the inoculum size of koning trichoderma bacterium is 1-2:1-3:1-3.
Preferably, in step (1), the substratum of described subtilis is LB substratum; The substratum of described Candida tropicalis and koning trichoderma bacterium is PDA substratum.
Preferably, the compound method of described LB liquid nutrient medium is: take NaCL10g, peptone 10g, yeast extract 5g, adds in 1000ml water respectively, and adjust ph is 7.0,121 ~ 125 DEG C of sterilizing 20 ~ 25min.
Preferably, the mass ratio of described NaCL, peptone, yeast extract is: 2 ~ 5:2 ~ 5:1.
Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of described flat mushroom bacterium slag, water, chicken manure is 25-30:45-55:10-15.
Preferably, in step (3), in described fermentation seed liquid, subtilis: Candida tropicalis: the ratio of the inoculum size of koning trichoderma bacterium is 1 ~ 2:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3.
Preferably, in step (3), the moisture content of described edible fungi residue to be seeded is 50%-70%.
Preferably, in step (4), described bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermention medium: wheat bran 5-20 part, soybean cake powder 4-10 part, Semen Maydis powder 5-15 part, 1000 parts, water.
The beneficial effect of this project:
1, microbe conversion is carried out to edible fungi residue and produce biochemical fulvic acid, make the waste material in Edible Fungi obtain good utilization.
2, utilize multiple-microorganism to ferment to organic matter, can decompose organic is in a large number the necessary glucose of plant, amino acid, VITAMIN group, growth hormone isoreactivity material and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace element.
3, add appropriate trace element, for the growth of apple, there is certain promoter action.
The microorganism of 4, adding has the effects such as starch-splitting, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing and fixed nitrogen.
Embodiment
Below by specific examples, the present invention will be further elaborated:
Embodiment 1
(1), fermentation bacterial classification:
Subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) is the bacterial strain being numbered CMCC1.210 of Chinese microorganism strain preservation administrative center; α-amylase Producer.
Candida tropicalis (Candidatropicalis) is numbered CMCC for Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center
2.402bacterial strain; Five-carbon sugar can be assimilated.
Trichoderma pseudokiningii (Trichodermapseudokoningii) is the bacterial strain being numbered CMCC3.6612 of Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center; Cellulase-producing.
Bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium) is the bacterial strain being numbered CMCC1.263 of Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center; Tool phosphate solubilization.
Bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Paenibacillusmucilaginosus) is the bacterial strain being numbered CMCC1.153 of Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center; Tool potassium decomposing effect.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillusamyloliquefaciens) is the bacterial strain being numbered CMCC1.398 of Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center; The effect of tool antagonistic phytopathogen.
(2), prior fermentation bacterial classification is: subtilis, Candida tropicalis, koning trichoderma bacterium.Later stage fermentation bacterial classification is: bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
(3), production method and technique: with edible fungi residue and chicken manure for bed material ferments through multiple bacterium.Wherein edible fungi residue 25-30 part, adds water 45-55 part, chicken manure 10-15 part.Living bacteria count reaches 500,000,000 every gram, and xanthohumic acid content reaches 30-40%.
(4), substratum: LB substratum: peptone 10g, yeast extract paste 5g, sodium-chlor 10g, PH7.2,121 DEG C of 20min sterilizings.
Murphy juice substratum configures: take fresh potato 200g, peel, shred to add in pot and boil 30min, adds sucrose or glucose 20g, PH nature, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min after filtration.
Bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, fermention medium: wheat bran 5-20kg, soybean cake powder 4-10kg, Semen Maydis powder 5-15kg, water 1000kg.
Embodiment 2
Production method and the technique of a kind of apple special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer are as follows:
One, prior fermentation produces xanthohumic acid
(1) preparation of Fermentation Fulvic Acid's seed liquor: by subtilis, candida tropicalis, koning trichoderma, be inoculated in respective seed culture medium respectively, cultivates the regular hour as seed liquor;
(2) process of edible fungi residue: take dry mushroom bacterium slag 30 parts respectively, adds 55 parts, water, and chicken manure 15 parts, fully stirs.
(3) be subtilis by seed liquor by inoculum size: candida tropicalis: koning trichoderma bacterium=1:1:1 accesses in the edible fungi residue handled well.Total inoculum size is 2-3%, 32 DEG C of stir culture 8-10 days
(4) xanthohumic acid assay: adopt volumetric precipitation method.
Two, the later stage adds microorganism beneficial bacterium and nutritive element
(1), first order seed preparation: bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, employing LB substratum, 32 DEG C of shake-flask culture 18h.
(2), secondary seed preparation: bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, be inoculated into fermention medium, cultivate 24h, inoculum size 4% for 32 DEG C.
(3), secondary seed bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacterium are linked in 5 tons of fermentor tanks respectively, inoculum size 5%, cultivate 24h for 32 DEG C.
(4), by the bacterial classification bacillus megaterium in proportion after fermentation: northern Shandong sample genus bacillus: bacillus amyloliquefaciens=1:2:1 adds in the organic matter after prior fermentation xanthohumic acid, ferment 3-5 days again, and bacterial classification addition is 10-20%.
(5), fermentation after fertilizer, add the elements such as appropriate calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, after mixing, carry out oven drying at low temperature or granulation, pack.
Embodiment 3
Production method and the technique of a kind of apple special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer are as follows:
One, prior fermentation produces xanthohumic acid
(1) preparation of Fermentation Fulvic Acid's seed liquor: by subtilis, Candida tropicalis, koning trichoderma bacterium, be inoculated in respective seed culture medium respectively, cultivates the regular hour as seed liquor;
(2) process of edible fungi residue: take dry mushroom bacterium slag 25 parts respectively, adds 45 parts, water, chicken manure 15 parts, and sugared 0.5-1 part, fully stirs.
(3) be subtilis by seed liquor by inoculum size: candida tropicalis: trichoderma pseudokiningii :=1:1:1 accesses in the edible fungi residue handled well.Total inoculum size is 2%, 32 DEG C of stir culture 8-10 days
(4) xanthohumic acid assay: adopt volumetric precipitation method.
Two, the later stage adds microorganism beneficial bacterium and nutritive element
(1), first order seed preparation: bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, solution starch spore bacillus adopt LB substratum, 32 DEG C of shake-flask culture 14h.
(2), secondary seed preparation: bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, be inoculated into fermention medium, cultivate 14h, inoculum size 4% for 32 DEG C.
(3), by secondary seed bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, be linked in 5 tons of fermentor tanks respectively, inoculum size 5%, cultivate 24h for 32 DEG C.
(4), by the bacterial classification bacillus megaterium in proportion after fermentation: northern Shandong sample genus bacillus: bacillus amyloliquefaciens=1:2:1
Add in the organic matter after prior fermentation xanthohumic acid, ferment 3-5 days again, and bacterial classification addition is 10%.
(5), fermentation after fertilizer, add the elements such as appropriate calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, after mixing, carry out oven drying at low temperature, pack.
Embodiment 4
Production method and the technique of a kind of apple special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer are as follows:
One, prior fermentation produces xanthohumic acid
(1) preparation of Fermentation Fulvic Acid's seed liquor: by subtilis, Candida tropicalis, koning trichoderma bacterium, be inoculated in respective seed culture medium respectively, cultivates the regular hour as seed liquor;
(2) process of edible fungi residue: take dry mushroom bacterium slag 48 parts respectively, adds 38 parts, water, chicken manure 12 parts, and lime powder 2 parts fully stirs.(wet bacteria slag 86 parts, chicken manure 12 parts, lime powder 2 parts)
(3) be subtilis by seed liquor by inoculum size: candida tropicalis: trichoderma pseudokiningii :=1.5:2:2 accesses in the edible fungi residue handled well.Total inoculum size is 2-3%, 32 DEG C of stir culture 8-10 days
(4) xanthohumic acid assay: adopt volumetric precipitation method.
Two, the later stage adds microorganism beneficial bacterium and nutritive element
(1), first order seed preparation: bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, employing LB substratum, 32 DEG C of shake-flask culture 16h.
(2), secondary seed preparation: bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, be inoculated into fermention medium, cultivate 18h, inoculum size 4% for 32 DEG C.
(3), by secondary seed bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, be linked in 5 tons of fermentor tanks respectively, inoculum size 5%, cultivate 30h for 32 DEG C.
(4), by the bacterial classification bacillus megaterium in proportion after fermentation: northern Shandong sample genus bacillus: bacillus amyloliquefaciens=2:4:2 adds in the organic matter after prior fermentation xanthohumic acid, ferment 3-5 days again, and bacterial classification addition is 10-20%.
(5), fermentation after fertilizer, add the elements such as appropriate calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, after mixing, carry out oven drying at low temperature or granulation, pack.
The fertilizer adopting embodiment of the present invention 1-4 to prepare carries out apple cultivation, result shows: within 2014, testing comparatively blank mu volume increase is 672.6 kilograms, stimulation ratio is 22.9%, and mu volume increase value is 1883.2 yuan, and input-output ratio is 1:3.7, within 2011, testing comparatively blank mu volume increase is 728.1 kilograms, stimulation ratio is 24.4%, and mu volume increase value is 1456.3 yuan, and input-output ratio is 1:2.6, increasing of quality and production successful, remarkable in economical benefits.
Fertilizer of the present invention makes fruit soluble solids content reach 12.53%, and sugar-acid ratio reaches 44.89, and top grade fruit rate reaches 42.2%, and fruit yield is than contrast raising 3.67%.Apple pear fruit shape index (0.83) and hardness (10.75kgcm
-1) reach maximum.
Although above-mentioned, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a production method for the special xanthohumic acid microbial organic fertilizer of apple, is characterized in that, adopts subtilis, candida tropicalis, koning trichoderma to carry out mixed fermentation to edible fungi residue, must containing the organic matrix of xanthohumic acid; Get bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens ferment to above-mentioned organic matrix again, obtain the organic fermentation fertilizer of microorganism; Add trace element mixing, drying in above-mentioned fermentation fertilizer after, to obtain final product.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described edible mushrooms is one or more in flat mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, needle mushroom or white beech mushroom.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described trace element is one or more in calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps,
(1) get subtilis, Candida tropicalis, koning trichoderma bacterium bacterial classification carry out inoculation culture respectively, obtain corresponding seed liquor;
(2) process of edible fungi residue bacterium slag: take dry mushroom bacterium slag bacterium, water, chicken manure, be placed in fermentation vat, stir to be seeded;
(3) be inoculated in edible fungi residue to be seeded successively by above-mentioned fermentation seed liquid, total inoculum size is 2-3%, and at 32 DEG C, cultivate 8-10 days, machinery turns, must containing the organic matrix of xanthohumic acid;
(4) get bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and carry out liquid culture respectively, obtain corresponding seed liquor;
(5) fermentation seed liquid step (4) obtained by the ratio=1-3:2-5:1-3 of the inoculum size of bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus amyloliquefaciens add that step (3) obtains containing the 3-5 days that again ferments in the organic matrix of xanthohumic acid, bacterial classification total addition level is 10-20%, obtains the microorganism organic fertilizer containing a large amount of xanthohumic acid;
(6) by the fertilizer that step (5) obtains, add trace element, carry out oven drying at low temperature or granulation after mixing, to obtain final product.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (1), and described subtilis: Candida tropicalis: the ratio of the inoculum size of koning trichoderma bacterium is 1-2:1-3:1-3.
6. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (1), the substratum of described subtilis is LB substratum; The substratum of described Candida tropicalis and koning trichoderma bacterium is PDA substratum.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the compound method of described LB liquid nutrient medium is: take NaCL10g, peptone 10g, yeast extract 5g, adds in 1000ml water respectively, and adjust ph is 7.0,121 ~ 125 DEG C of sterilizing 20 ~ 25min.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described NaCL, peptone, yeast extract is: 2 ~ 5:2 ~ 5:1.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the mass ratio of described flat mushroom bacterium slag, water, chicken manure is 25-30:45-55:10-15.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), the moisture content of described edible fungi residue to be seeded is 50%-70%; In step (4), the fermention medium of described bacillus megaterium, northern Shandong sample genus bacillus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens is made up of following raw materials according: wheat bran 5-20 part, soybean cake powder 4-10 part, Semen Maydis powder 5-15 part, 1000 parts, water.
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