CN105724055B - A method of improving agaricus bisporus yield using needle mushroom dreg - Google Patents
A method of improving agaricus bisporus yield using needle mushroom dreg Download PDFInfo
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- CN105724055B CN105724055B CN201610112301.2A CN201610112301A CN105724055B CN 105724055 B CN105724055 B CN 105724055B CN 201610112301 A CN201610112301 A CN 201610112301A CN 105724055 B CN105724055 B CN 105724055B
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- agaricus bisporus
- bacteria residue
- anaerobic fermentation
- earthing
- leaching liquor
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 241000222519 Agaricus bisporus Species 0.000 title claims abstract 14
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000249 desinfective Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000009146 Rhinoscleroma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000251953 Agaricus brunnescens Species 0.000 description 49
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 13
- 230000000813 microbial Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001580 bacterial Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000001681 Pleurotus eryngii Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 240000004247 Pleurotus eryngii Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogens Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004215 spores Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940106157 CELLULASE Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088598 Enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010021703 Indifference Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036740 Metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008529 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 Vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004178 biological nitrogen fixation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009910 diseases by infectious agent Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035786 metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010563 solid-state fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNBDQABBWNOTRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N thalline Chemical compound C1=CC=[Tl]C=C1 HNBDQABBWNOTRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamins Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 wheat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods improving agaricus bisporus yield using needle mushroom dreg, include the following steps：(1) agaricus bisporus soil covering material is prepared, pH is adjusted；Earthing is carried out using agaricus bisporus soil covering material；(2) earthing second day sprays bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, adjusts earthing water content, carries out field management；(3) agaricus bisporus soil covering material is mended；Anaerobism leaching liquor is sprayed, then spray clear water, then carries out management of producing mushroom；(4) when agaricus bisporus change of tide, bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor is sprayed, in conjunction with spray clear water, carries out follow-up management.The characteristics of present invention combination needle mushroom dreg, is used for improving agaricus bisporus yield after processing, has been effectively promoted the utilization again of bacteria residue, to development green agriculture and circular agriculture, has preserved the ecological environment and be of great significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods improving agaricus bisporus yield using needle mushroom dreg, belong to edible fungus technology neck
Domain.
Background technology
Agaricus bisporus be in the world artificial cultivation most extensively, the rotten type edible mushroom of the maximum grass of total output highest, consumption figure,
It is the mushroom class that China's cultivated area is larger and foreign exchange earning is most, rich in a variety of amino acid, vitamin etc., full of nutrition, taste
It is delicious.Currently, the yield of China's factory culture agaricus bisporus is 22~28kg/m2, constant in culture material dosage, cover soil material
In the case of, yield room for promotion is limited.Earthing is the necessary condition of agaricus bisporus fruiting, agaricus bisporus through certain in soil slightly
The stimulation ability fruiting of the biological and chemical factor, therefore the quality of earthing directly determines yield, this is that agaricus bisporus is made to increase production
The key breakthrough points.
China is maximum Edible Fungi state in the world, and edible mushroom annual output reaches 31,700,000 tons within 2013, accounts for the world
70% or more of total output generates about more than 2,000 ten thousand tons of dry bacteria residue, enormous amount.Edible fungi residue refers to that Edible Fungi terminates
Remaining afterwards includes mycelial compost, and in China, the recycling problem of edible fungi residue is never solved well
Certainly, bacteria residue year comprehensive utilization ratio is relatively low, and most of bacteria residue is arbitrarily stacked or directly burned, and not only results in waste of resources and environment
Pollution, and it is easy to cause mould and pest infestation, bring security risk to Edible Fungi.
Edible fungus culturing raw material passes through a series of bioconversion mistakes such as biological nitrogen fixation, the enzymolysis of edible mushroom thalline
Journey, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin etc. are degraded to some extent, make to contain abundant nutritional ingredient and activity in bacteria residue
Substance.By taking batch production needle mushroom dreg as an example, detected according to Ministry of Agriculture's food quality supervision verification test center (Jinan), batch production
Contain 17 kinds of amino acid in needle mushroom dreg, total amount reaches 8.49%, also contain 11.29% crude protein, 2.0% crude fat,
14.27% crude fibre, 1.77% calcium, 1.30% nitrogen, 0.72% phosphorus, 0.78% potassium, it is full of nutrition.
Therefore, edible fungi residue is full of nutrition, contains the nutriment that can be largely eaten bacterium mycelia and be directly absorbed and utilized.
Studies have shown that edible fungi residue especially factory edible fungi bacteria residue can again act as the raw material of edible fungus culturing, planted in bacteria residue
In terms of training agaricus bisporus, the article of entitled " batch production needle mushroom dreg tunnel-type fermenting cultivating bisporous mushroom experiment " (《Edible medicinal
Bacterium》, the 21st phase, page 110-111,2013) and it discloses and is cultivated for major ingredient using batch production needle mushroom dreg secondary fermentation material
The method of agaricus bisporus, yield can be improved 12%.
A kind of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue of Chinese patent literature CN1039800611A (application number 201410247438.X) Shen Qing Publication
The method of cultivating bisporous mushroom, the Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue of addition 50%~60% in cultivation matrix, compared with factory formula, raw material at
Originally 50%~55% can be reduced, and yield and exterior quality are superior to existing factory formula.
But bacteria residue is directly used as culture material, and there is also many problems：(1) factory edible fungi bacteria residue, peasant household are generally selected
Bacteria residue nutrition and physicochemical character after culturing edible fungus is poor.(2) bacteria residue type is more, and quality is irregular, and nutrient content is not to the utmost
It is identical, the more difficult determination of adding proportion.(3) being dealt with improperly as culturing raw material can lead to that bacteria residue is tacky, particle is fine crushing, gas permeability
Difference influences mycelia growth and fruiting.(4) cultivation later stage nutrient supply is insufficient, and edible mushroom yield and quality is caused to decline.(5) bacterium
Slag easily grows miscellaneous bacteria and pathogen, causes the security risks such as bacterium bag pollution.(6) transportation cost height etc..
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of sides for improving agaricus bisporus yield using needle mushroom dreg
Method.This method prepares anaerobism leaching liquor using needle mushroom dreg, and leaching residual object is added in earthing, and is grown in agaricus bisporus
Critical period anaerobism leaching liquor is sprayed on earthing, can realize agaricus bisporus yield and quality improve purpose and
Promote the full utilization of bacteria residue.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A method of agaricus bisporus yield is improved, is included the following steps：
(1) press bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object 30%~50%, thin field soil 20%~40% and turfy soil 20%~
40% dry ratio prepares agaricus bisporus soil covering material, and it is 7.2~7.5 that addition lime, which adjusts pH,；After planting 15~20d, when
Earthing is carried out using agaricus bisporus soil covering material when mycelia material feeding 60%~70%, thickness of earth covering is 2.5~3.5cm；
(2) earthing second day, according to 400~600mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, adjusting is covered
Native water content carries out field management；
(3) when 70%~90% bed surface mycelia grows to soil layer surface, double spores prepared by 0.4~0.6cm thickness step (1) are mended
Soil covering of mushroom material；When water spray, 400~600mL/m is first pressed2The amount of spraying spray anaerobism leaching liquor, then spray clear water is comprehensive
Water spray is about 2kg/m2, then carry out management of producing mushroom；
(4) when agaricus bisporus change of tide, by 400~600mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, then
In conjunction with spray clear water, comprehensive water spray is 1.5kg/m2, carry out follow-up management.
Further include to double before preparing agaricus bisporus soil covering material in the step (1) according to currently preferred
The step of disinfection of spore mushroom mushroom house, strain make, culturing raw material makes, inoculation bacterium germination.To the disinfection of agaricus bisporus mushroom house, strain system
Make, culturing raw material makes, the ordinary skill in the art can be used in inoculation bacterium germination step.
According to currently preferred, in the step (1), earthing water content is 18%~22% (mass percent).
The preparation process of above-mentioned bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor and bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object is as follows：
(i) by pollution-free and needle mushroom dreg that is going mouldy after except impurity, crushing, pretreatment bacteria residue is made；
(ii) water content of regulating step (i) pretreatment bacteria residue obtained builds heap to 55%~65%, pH 6.5~8.0
And ventilation is punched, it ferments；When material temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more, a turning is carried out, and by 0.5~1.5 ‰ mass ratio
Microbial bacterial agent is added, continues to ferment；When material temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more again, carry out second of turning every other day, later every
48h turnings are primary, and fermentation period is 18~22 days, and fermentation ends are added quick lime and adjust pH 7.5~8.0, and zymophyte is made
Slag；
(iii) by step (ii) fermentation bacteria residue obtained and water in mass ratio 1：The ratio of (6~8) mixes, anaerobic fermentation
45~50h filters to take filtrate, adjusts pH value 7.5~8.0, bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor is made, filter residue is bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation
Leaching residual object.
According to currently preferred, in the step (i), except impurity be to remove polybag in needle mushroom dreg, harden
Block, wooden stick, plastic foil, tie string.
According to currently preferred, in the step (ii), the heap of building heap be high 0.8m~1.2m, bottom width 2.0m~
2.5m, top width 1.0m~1.5m, length are more than the trapezoidal pile heap of 3.0m, and heap body top surface interval 50cm vertically uniformly makes on earth
Venthole, aperture about 3cm.
In above-mentioned steps (ii), microbial bacterial agent can be commercially available stalk fermentation microbial bacterial agent product, such as Shandong love
The organic matter decomposing inoculant (2kg dresses) of Promised Land bio tech ltd production, the limited public affairs of the green health of middle peasant (Beijing) biotechnology
Take charge of the stalk type organic matter decomposing inoculant (2kg dresses) of production.
Advantageous effect
1, the present invention is extracted using needle mushroom dreg as raw material by aerobic solid-state fermentation and anaerobism liquid state fermentation, and bacterium is made
Slag anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor and leaching residual object, contain a large amount of organic matter, various trace elements and humic acid material.Anaerobism
Not only contain agaricus bisporus in fermentation leaching liquor and grow required nutrient, also containing there are many beneficial microbe and microbial metabolisms
Product, these metabolites are inhibited to some pathogens and miscellaneous bacteria；Leaching residual object is used as cover soil material, can improve
The physicochemical character of earthing promotes the formation of its crumb structure, activating microorganisms activity, more conducively fruiting to improve yield.
2, the present invention will detest by adding leaching residual object in earthing, and in three critical periods of agaricus bisporus growth
Oxygen leaching liquor is sprayed on earthing, and agaricus bisporus squaring period can be made to shift to an earlier date, improved the yield and quality, and reduces infection miscellaneous bacteria and disease
Probability, reduce use and the recruitment cost of fungicide.
3, the present invention combines the characteristics of needle mushroom dreg to be used for improving agaricus bisporus yield after processing, is effectively promoted
The utilization again of bacteria residue preserves the ecological environment and is of great significance to development green agriculture and circular agriculture.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to following embodiment, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention, so that the purpose of the present invention,
Technical solution and advantageous effect become apparent from.
The strain selected in embodiment is agaricus bisporus 258, is purchased from Fu Bang Bacteria Co., Ltd.s of Shen county of Shandong.
Planting type is factory culture, culturing raw material using conventional wheat straw and chicken manure secondary fermentation material, every square
Rice materials 100kg.
Microbial bacterial agent likes Promised Land bio tech ltd purchased from Shandong.
Embodiment 1
Bacteria residue raw material is batch production needle mushroom dreg and Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households needle mushroom dreg, by quality 1:1 ratio mixes.Factory
Change needle mushroom dreg with corncob and sawdust as main culturing raw material, Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households needle mushroom dreg is based on cotton seed hulls and sawdust
Want culturing raw material.
A method of agaricus bisporus yield being improved, steps are as follows：
(1) disinfection of agaricus bisporus mushroom house, strain making, culturing raw material making, inoculation bacterium germination manage according to a conventional method；By bacterium
The dry ratio of slag anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object 40%, thin field soil 30% and turfy soil 30% prepares agaricus bisporus soil covering material
Material, addition lime are adjusted to pH 7.3；After planting 16d uses agaricus bisporus soil covering material when mycelia material feeding 60%~70%
Carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering 3.0cm；
(2) earthing second day, according to 500mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobism leaching liquor, in conjunction with water spray and logical
Wind, it is 20% to adjust earthing water content, carries out field management according to a conventional method；
(3) when 70%~90% bed surface mycelia grows to soil layer surface, agaricus bisporus prepared by 0.5cm thickness step (1) is mended
Cover soil material；When water spray, 500mL/m is first pressed2The amount of spraying spray anaerobism leaching liquor, then spray clear water, comprehensive water spray is
2kg/m2, clear water sprays in three times in early, middle and late, then carries out management of producing mushroom；
(4) three damp mushrooms are harvested altogether, when agaricus bisporus change of tide, by 500mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobism extraction
Liquid, in conjunction with spray clear water, comprehensive water spray is 1.5kg/m2, clear water sprays in three times in early, middle and late, carries out follow-up conventional
Management.
The preparation process of above-mentioned anaerobism leaching liquor and leaching residual object is as follows：
(i) pollution-free and needle mushroom dreg that is going mouldy is pulverized and sieved, remove polybag in bacteria residue, scleroma block, wooden stick,
Pretreatment bacteria residue is made in plastic foil, tie string and other sundries；
(ii) bacteria residue is manually built up high 1.0m, bottom by the water content of regulating step (i) pretreatment bacteria residue obtained to 60%
The trapezoidal pile heap of wide 2.2m, top width 1.2m, heap body top surface interval 50cm vertically uniformly make venthole, hole on earth with thick waddy
Diameter about 3cm, ferments；The third day of heap fermentation is built, material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, carries out a turning and by 1.0 ‰ mass ratio
Microbial bacterial agent is added, continues to ferment；Material temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more again within 4th day, carries out second of turning every other day, then often
It is primary every 48h turnings, appropriate water transfer is all needed after each turning；Fermentation period is 20 days, and fermentation ends are added quick lime and adjust pH
7.8, fermentation bacteria residue is made；
(iii) by part steps (ii) fermentation bacteria residue obtained and water in mass ratio 1：7 ratio mixing, is packed into cleaning
In wide-mouth plastic barrel, it is placed in shady place, closing anaerobic fermentation 48h, two layers of filtered through gauze takes filtrate, adjust pH value 7.8, and bacterium is made
Slag anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, filter residue are bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object, are placed in spare at 4 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
Bacteria residue raw material is Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households needle mushroom dreg, and bacteria residue is with cotton seed hulls and sawdust for main culturing raw material.
A method of agaricus bisporus yield being improved, steps are as follows：
(1) disinfection of agaricus bisporus mushroom house, strain making, culturing raw material making, inoculation bacterium germination manage according to a conventional method；By bacterium
The dry ratio of slag anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object 30%, thin field soil 30% and turfy soil 40% prepares agaricus bisporus soil covering material
Material, addition lime are adjusted to pH 7.5；After planting 18d uses agaricus bisporus soil covering material when mycelia material feeding 60%~70%
Carry out earthing, thickness of earth covering 3.0cm；
(2) earthing second day, according to 600mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobism leaching liquor, in conjunction with water spray and logical
Wind, it is 18% to adjust earthing water content, carries out field management according to a conventional method；
(3) when 70%~90% bed surface mycelia grows to soil layer surface, agaricus bisporus prepared by 0.4cm thickness step (1) is mended
Cover soil material first presses 600mL/m when water spray2The amount of spraying spray anaerobism leaching liquor, then spray clear water, comprehensive water spray is about
2kg/m2, clear water sprays in three times in early, middle and late, then carries out management of producing mushroom；
(4) three damp mushrooms are harvested altogether, when agaricus bisporus change of tide, by 600mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobism extraction
Liquid, in conjunction with spray clear water, comprehensive water spray is 1.5kg/m2, clear water sprays in three times in early, middle and late, carries out follow-up conventional
Management.
The preparation process of above-mentioned anaerobism leaching liquor and leaching residual object is as follows：
(i) pollution-free and needle mushroom dreg that is going mouldy is pulverized and sieved, remove polybag in bacteria residue, scleroma block, wooden stick,
Pretreatment bacteria residue is made in plastic foil, tie string and other sundries；
(ii) bacteria residue is manually built up high 0.8m, bottom by the water content of regulating step (i) pretreatment bacteria residue obtained to 65%
The trapezoidal pile heap of wide 2.0m, top width 1.0m, heap body top surface interval 50cm vertically uniformly make venthole, hole on earth with thick waddy
Diameter about 3cm, ferments；The third day of heap fermentation is built, material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, carries out a turning and by 1.5 ‰ mass ratio
Microbial bacterial agent is added, continues to ferment；Material temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more again within 4th day, carries out second of turning every other day, then often
It is primary every 48h turnings, appropriate water transfer is all needed after each turning；Fermentation period is 18 days, and fermentation ends are added quick lime and adjust pH
8.0, fermentation bacteria residue is made；
(iii) by part steps (ii) fermentation bacteria residue obtained and water in mass ratio 1：6 ratio mixing, is packed into cleaning
In wide-mouth plastic barrel, it is placed in shady place, closing anaerobic fermentation 45h, two layers of filtered through gauze takes filtrate, adjust pH value 8.0, and bacterium is made
Slag anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, filter residue are bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object, are placed in spare at 4 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
Bacteria residue raw material is batch production needle mushroom dreg, and bacteria residue is with corncob and sawdust for main culturing raw material.
A method of agaricus bisporus yield being improved, steps are as follows：
(1) disinfection of agaricus bisporus mushroom house, strain making, culturing raw material making, inoculation bacterium germination manage according to a conventional method；By bacterium
The dry ratio of slag anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object 50%, thin field soil 30% and turfy soil 20% prepares agaricus bisporus soil covering material
Material, addition lime are adjusted to pH 7.2；After planting 15d uses agaricus bisporus soil covering material when mycelia material feeding 60%~70%
It carries out, thickness of earth covering 3.0cm；
(2) earthing second day, according to 400mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobism leaching liquor, in conjunction with water spray and logical
Wind, it is 22% to adjust earthing water content, carries out field management according to a conventional method；
(3) when 70%~90% bed surface mycelia grows to soil layer surface, agaricus bisporus prepared by 0.6cm thickness step (1) is mended
Cover soil material；400mL/m is first pressed when water spray2The amount of spraying spray anaerobism leaching liquor, then spray clear water, comprehensive water spray is about
2kg/m2, clear water sprays in three times in early, middle and late, then carries out management of producing mushroom；
(4) three damp mushrooms are harvested altogether, when agaricus bisporus change of tide, by 400mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobism extraction
Liquid, in conjunction with spray clear water, comprehensive water spray is 1.5kg/m2, clear water sprays in three times in early, middle and late, carries out follow-up conventional
Management.
The preparation process of above-mentioned anaerobism leaching liquor and leaching residual object is as follows：
(i) pollution-free and needle mushroom dreg that is going mouldy is pulverized and sieved, remove polybag in bacteria residue, scleroma block, wooden stick,
Pretreatment bacteria residue is made in plastic foil, tie string and other sundries；
(ii) bacteria residue is manually built up high 1.2m, bottom by the water content of regulating step (i) pretreatment bacteria residue obtained to 55%
The trapezoidal pile heap of wide 2.5m, top width 1.5m, heap body top surface interval 50cm vertically uniformly make venthole, hole on earth with thick waddy
Diameter about 3cm, ferments；The third day of heap fermentation is built, material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, carries out a turning and by 0.5 ‰ mass ratio
Microbial bacterial agent is added, continues to ferment.Material temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more again within 5th day, carries out second of turning every other day, then often
It is primary every 48h turnings, appropriate water transfer is all needed after each turning.Fermentation period is 22 days, and fermentation ends are added quick lime and adjust pH
8.0, fermentation bacteria residue is made；
(iii) by part steps (ii) fermentation bacteria residue obtained and water in mass ratio 1：8 ratio mixing, is packed into cleaning
In wide-mouth plastic barrel, it is placed in shady place, closing anaerobic fermentation 50h, two layers of filtered through gauze takes filtrate, adjust pH value 7.5, and bacterium is made
Slag anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, filter residue are bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object, are placed in spare at 4 DEG C.
Reference examples 1
Cultivation of agaricus bisporus method is with embodiment 1, the difference is that pressing 500mL/m2Amount spray clear water replaces spraying needle mushroom
Bacteria residue anaerobic fermented liquid, cover soil material are formulated by the dry ratio of thin field soil 30% and turfy soil 70%, pH 7.5.
Reference examples 2
Cultivation of agaricus bisporus method is with embodiment 1, the difference is that pressing 500mL/m2Amount sprays Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue extract generation
Needle mushroom dreg anaerobic fermented liquid is applied in tubing flow displacement.
The preparation method of Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue extract is as follows：
(I) microbial bacterial agent of addition Pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue quality 8%, it is to pinch one with hand to adjust water content, has water from hand
It is flowed out between finger, but subject to not oozing, room temperature is sealed by fermentation 3 days, obtains fermentation bacteria residue.Fermentation is cellulase, wood with microbial inoculum
The mass ratio 0.1 of quality enzyme and brewer's yeast：0.3：0.5.
(II) by the bacteria residue and pure water in mass ratio 1 after fermentation：10 mixing, boil 35min, Pleurotus eryngii are obtained after filtering
Bacteria residue extract.
Reference examples 3
Cultivation of agaricus bisporus method is with embodiment 1, the difference is that cover soil material is by thin turfy soil 45%, needle mushroom dreg
45%, husk 5%, oil cake 3% and lime 2% are formulated by weight.The specific preparation method of cover soil material is as follows：
(I) adjusting of feed moisture content：It is 30% that turfy soil, which is humidified to water content, and bacteria residue is humidified is to water content
45%, the water content of other raw materials keeps nature；
(II) raw material pulverizes and sieves：Each raw material obtained by step (I) is crushed to grain size 3cm or less.
(III) turfy soil, bacteria residue, husk and oil cake after step (II) pulverizes and sieves are mixed by weight ratio
It is even.
(IV) adjusting of pH value：In through the uniformly mixed raw material of step (III), stone is gradually added on a small quantity by weight ratio
Ash, and be uniformly mixed, pH value is adjusted to 8.0.
Above example and reference examples, if repeating three times, environment is consistent, and results are averaged.
Each reference examples agaricus bisporus soil covering has a small amount of living contaminants, each embodiment to be uninfected by miscellaneous bacteria, time ratio of buddingging
Reference examples are 2~3 days early, and mushroom shape and reference examples indifference, agaricus bisporus yield and fructification protein content are significantly increased, and tie
Fruit is shown in Table 1.
1 agaricus bisporus yield of table and fructification protein content
The above results are shown, needle mushroom anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object is added in earthing and is sprayed on agaricus bisporus soil covering
Agaricus bisporus yield and quality can be improved by applying needle mushroom dreg and detesting anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, can be applicable in production.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method improving agaricus bisporus yield using needle mushroom dreg, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）By the dry weight of bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object 30%~50%, thin field soil 20%~40% and turfy soil 20%~40%
Ratio prepares agaricus bisporus soil covering material, and it is 7.2~7.5 that addition lime, which adjusts pH,；After planting 15~20d, when mycelia material feeding 60%
Earthing is carried out using agaricus bisporus soil covering material when~70%, thickness of earth covering is 2.5~3.5cm；
（2）Earthing second day, according to 400~600mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, it is aqueous to adjust earthing
Amount carries out field management；
（3）When 70%~90% bed surface mycelia grows to soil layer surface, 0.4~0.6cm thickness steps are mended（1）The agaricus bisporus of preparation covers
Soil material；When water spray, 400~600mL/m is first pressed2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, then spray clear water, comprehensive
Conjunction water spray is 2kg/m2, then carry out management of producing mushroom；
（4）When agaricus bisporus change of tide, by 400~600mL/m2The amount of spraying spray bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor, in conjunction with spray
Clear water is applied, comprehensive water spray is 1.5kg/m2, carry out follow-up management；
The preparation process of the bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor and bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching residual object is as follows：
（i）By pollution-free and needle mushroom dreg that is going mouldy after except impurity, crushing, pretreatment bacteria residue is made；
（ii）Regulating step（i）The water content of pretreatment bacteria residue obtained is built heap and is punched to 55%~65%, pH 6.5~8.0
Ventilation, ferments；When material temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more, a turning is carried out, and micro- by the addition of 0.5~1.5 ‰ mass ratio
Bacteria agent continues to ferment；When material temperature reaches 60 DEG C or more again, second of turning is carried out every other day, later every 48h turnings
Once, fermentation period is 18~22 days, and fermentation ends are added quick lime and adjust pH 7.5~8.0, and fermentation bacteria residue is made；
（iii）By step（ii）Fermentation bacteria residue obtained and water in mass ratio 1：（6~8）Ratio mixing, anaerobic fermentation 45~
50h filters to take filtrate, adjusts pH value 7.5~8.0, and bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation leaching liquor is made, and filter residue is the extraction of bacteria residue anaerobic fermentation
Residue.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（1）In, prepare agaricus bisporus soil covering material it
Before, further include the steps that being made to the disinfection of agaricus bisporus mushroom house, strain, culturing raw material making, being inoculated with bacterium germination.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（1）In, the mass percent of earthing water content is
18%~22%.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（i）In, except impurity is in removal needle mushroom dreg
Polybag, scleroma block, wooden stick, plastic foil, tie string.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（ii）In, build heap heap be high 0.8m~1.2m,
Bottom width 2.0m~2.5m, top width 1.0m~1.5m, length are more than the trapezoidal pile heap of 3.0m, and 50 cm of heap body top surface interval are vertical
Venthole, aperture 3cm are uniformly made on earth.
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| CN106278460A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 上海市农业科学院 | The method of needle mushroom dreg factory culture Agaricus bisporus and culture material formula thereof |
| CN108834746A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-20 | 河西学院 | A kind of edible mushroom cycle production process method |
| CN110122168A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 贵州省贵福菌业发展有限公司 | A kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis growth auxiliary agent and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101113116A (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2008-01-30 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for cultivating double spore mushroom by biogas liquid |
| CN101496485A (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2009-08-05 | 东南大学 | Application of silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes in edible fungus cultivation |
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Effective date of registration: 20190315 Address after: 272000 Houtun Village Residence, Xilipu Street Office, Rencheng District, Jining City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Jining Zhongzhong Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 250100 No. 202 industrial North Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, Shandong Patentee before: Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment |
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Correction item: Patentee|Address Correct: Jining Zhongxin Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd|272000 Shandong city of Jining province Rencheng District twenty Shop Street office after the village resident False: Jining Zhongzhong Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd.|272000 Shandong city of Jining province Rencheng District twenty Shop Street office after the village resident Number: 14-02 Volume: 35 |