CN104177137A - Microbial straw rotting agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial straw rotting agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104177137A CN104177137A CN201410407424.XA CN201410407424A CN104177137A CN 104177137 A CN104177137 A CN 104177137A CN 201410407424 A CN201410407424 A CN 201410407424A CN 104177137 A CN104177137 A CN 104177137A
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Abstract
The invention provides a microbial straw rotting agent, which adopts the strains having mutual synergistic action without generating antagonistic action as production strains: cellulase preparation, Fomes annosus, Bacillus subtilis, Thermobifida fusca, Bacillus pumilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The microbial straw rotting agent has high decomposition effect on the main components of the straws, has biological control function, and can inhibit growth of crop sheath blight, rice blast, wheat root rot, strawberry gray mold and other pathogens. The product has the advantages of short manufacturing period, high production efficiency and low cost, and is safe and convenient to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microbial straw composing agent and preparation method thereof, belong to agriculture technical field of microbe application.
Background technology
China Shi Yige large agricultural country, Model on Sown Areas of Farm ranks first in the world, in stalk, containing huge nutrients resource, the nutrient of Crop has 50% left and right to be retained in stalk with the form of biomass, so agricultural crop straw is one of material enriching the most in the world.At present, nearly 3,000,000,000 tons of whole world crop material, approximately 1,000,000,000 tons of China's agricultural crop straw annual outputs, account for 1/3 of whole world stalk resource total amount, be the first in the world stalk big country, and ultimate production also have continuous rising tendency.Agricultural crop straw is a valuable source of farm crop production system, contain the multiple effective constituent being utilized, except the overwhelming majority is carbon, also being rich in the effective constituents such as the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and Mierocrystalline cellulose, half fiber, xylogen, protein, amino acid, is a kind of multiduty reproducible Biological resources that have.Adopt the mode of straw directly returning to field can improve the soil organism, improve soil physico-chemical property, and after straw-returning, can also reduce the input of chemical fertilizer, nutrients ratio is coordinated more, the nutrients such as the molybdenum that crop is absorbed from soil, manganese, copper, chlorine return to soil, thereby raising crop yield, reaches the object of efficent use of resources.
At present, in agriculture production, the utilization of agricultural crop straw also exists following problem:
1, formally also field rate is not high for agricultural crop straw, burning more, and crop straw burning had both been wasted resource, contaminate environment, and can produce again a large amount of dense smoke affects environment and traffic safety;
2, after crops straw returning field, although can utilize self, the microorganism of environment completes the digest process of self, because agricultural crop straw is mainly comprised of Mierocrystalline cellulose, half fiber and xylogen, be difficult to be decomposed by the Institute of Micro-biology in physical environment, therefore be decomposed in soil cycle of transforming of stalk is longer, can not be fully utilized, also can affect physical behavior and the field farming of soil simultaneously.
Therefore, research and develop a kind of farm crop decomposing agent and make crop material quick composting, improve the operability of straw-returning, this is for advancing the Sustainable development of the ecological agriculture to have important practical significance.
Yet, the part straw decomposing inoculant using is at present that chemosynthesis material is made, some decomposing agent is made by biologically active substances such as microorganism, enzymes, and by adding decomposing agent to make straw decomposing make agricultural organic fertilizer, but existing straw decomposing inoculant exists following defect:
(1) bacterial classification composition is of a great variety, and the effect of enzyme bacterium Synergistic degradation stalk is not ideal;
(2) bacterial classification definite value in the system of stalk and soil constitution is indifferent;
(3) leavening temperature is relatively high, and the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is also longer;
(4) manufacturing condition is complicated, and cost of manufacture is higher, is unfavorable for promoting the use of.
Therefore, research and develop a kind of high-efficiency multi-function, practicality is easy to operate, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is short, straw decomposing inoculant seems imperative cheaply.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, and a kind of high-efficiency multi-function, practicality is easy to operate, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is short, cost-saving straw decomposing inoculant and preparation method thereof are provided.This microbial straw composing agent makes to utilize in soil has strong Decomposition to stalk main component, mutually do not produce again the microorganism strains of antagonistic action, there is Biological control function simultaneously, can suppress the growth of the pathogenic bacterias such as crop banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, root rotof flax, grey mould fruit rot of strawberry, in making processes, by Technologies such as the purification and rejuvenation, the liquid production of hybrid seeds, solid culture, cryodryings, produce the agent of stalk quick composting.
The invention provides a kind of microbial straw composing agent, but the present invention selects mutually to act synergistically and does not produce again the bacterial classification of antagonistic action: cellulase preparation, whiterot fungi, subtilis, thermophilic spore bacterium, bacillus pumilus, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae of splitting are as producing bacterial classification.
Preferably, cellulase preparation is two or more blended solids fermentations in the mould and aspergillus of wood, after fermented product drying and crushing, makes.
Wherein, wood mouldly comprises that viride, Trichodermareesei, healthy and free from worry wood are mould, trichoderma asperellum, dark green trichoderma, trichoderma harziarum, long shoot wood are mould etc.
Aspergillus comprises aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, terreus, solution equisetic acid aspergillus, flavus etc.
Most preferably, described cellulase preparation be by Trichodermareesei, healthy and free from worry wood is mould and aspergillus niger in two or more blended solid fermentation, fermented product drying and crushing makes.
Preferably, described whiterot fungi >=0.4 hundred million cfu/g.
Preferably, described subtilis >=0.2 hundred million cfu/g.
Preferably, described thermophilic spore bacterium >=0.2 hundred million cfu/g that splits, the suitableeest catalytic temperature of this bacterium is 65 ℃, 70 ℃ of insulations, after 1 hour, still have more than 75% vigor, optimal pH is 7.5, still has 80% vigor under the condition of pH10, has good temperature tolerance and pH stability.
Preferably, described bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) is bacillus, thalline thin rod shape, be generally 0.6-0.7 μ m * 2.0-3.0 μ m, Gram-positive, there is Biological control function, can suppress the growth of the pathogenic bacterias such as crop banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, root rotof flax, grey mould fruit rot of strawberry.
Preferably, described yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae >=0.2 hundred million cfu/g.
Preferably, described straw decomposing inoculant is powder dose-type.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of mentioned microorganism straw decomposing inoculant, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare cellulase preparation
By two or more blended solids fermentations in the mould and aspergillus of wood, after fermented product drying and crushing, prepare cellulase preparation;
Wherein, wood mouldly comprises that viride, Trichodermareesei, healthy and free from worry wood are mould, trichoderma asperellum, dark green trichoderma, trichoderma harziarum, long shoot wood are mould etc.;
Aspergillus comprises aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, terreus, solution equisetic acid aspergillus, flavus etc.;
Preferably, described cellulase preparation be by Trichodermareesei, healthy and free from worry wood is mould and aspergillus niger in two or more blended solid fermentation, fermented product drying and crushing makes;
Most preferably, described cellulase preparation is that Trichodermareesei and aspergillus niger are carried out to the fermentation of 1:1 blended solid, and fermented product drying and crushing makes;
Solid fermentation substratum comprises wheat bran 50-80wt%, rice straw powder 25-40wt%, ammonium sulfate 1-5wt%, potassium primary phosphate 1-5wt%, calcium carbonate 1-5wt%, magnesium sulfate 0.1-1wt%, calcium chloride 0.1-1wt%, sodium-chlor 0.1-1wt%;
Research shows, wood is mould can secrete the compositions such as xylogen in the extracellular enzyme decomposing straws such as lignoenzyme, cellulase, hemicellulase and Mierocrystalline cellulose; Aspergillus niger has the ability of the stronger multiple inorganic phosphorus of dissolving and promotes the effect of plant growth.
(2) prepare whiterot fungi
By whiterot fungi, through fermenting twice, fermentation condition is 30-35 ℃ for the first time, cultivates 2-3 days, and stir 2-3 every day; Fermentation condition is 30-35 ℃ for the second time, cultivates 8-10 days, and stir 5-10 every day; Fermented product joins for the second time in fermention medium according to weight ratio 1:5-10 for the first time, cultivates and finishes rear interpolation sorbent material, and the 10-15 that the weight of sorbent material is culture substrate doubly, prepares whiterot fungi powder after drying and crushing;
Wherein, whiterot fungi fermentation is glucose 20g/L, sucrose 15 g/L, yeast powder 2 g/L, potassium primary phosphate 1.5 g/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.5 g/L and VITMAIN B1 4mg/L with liquid nutrient medium;
Solid medium is wheat bran 10-30wt%, rice straw powder 10-30wt%, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 35-55wt%, soybean cake powder 1-5wt%, urea 0.1-2wt%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.5wt%, magnesium sulfate 0.1-0.5wt% and a small amount of water;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite and light calcium carbonate.
(3) prepare subtilis
The original bacterium of subtilis, after shaking table cultivation, seed culture, fermentor cultivation, by fermented liquid centrifugal treating, is then added to sorbent material, and drying and crushing is prepared subtilis powder;
Subtilis shaking table substratum is meat soup, seed culture medium comprises Semen Maydis powder 1-10wt%, peptone 0.5-3wt%, soybean cake powder 0.5-3wt%, urea 0.1-1wt%, and fermentation tank culture medium comprises Semen Maydis powder 2-8%, peptone 0.5-3%, soybean cake powder 0.5-5%, urea 0.1-1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1-1%;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite and light calcium carbonate.
(4) prepare the thermophilic spore bacterium of splitting
The thermophilic original bacterium of splitting spore bacterium, after shaking table cultivation, seed culture, fermentor cultivation, by fermented liquid centrifugal treating, is then added to sorbent material, and drying and crushing is prepared the thermophilic spore bacterium powder that splits;
Wherein, seed culture medium and fermention medium are peptone 10g, yeast extract paste 5g, extractum carnis 5g, CMC-Na 10g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.2,121 ℃;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite, light calcium carbonate.
(5) prepare bacillus pumilus
Liquid seed culture medium and fermention medium are: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 10g, distilled water 1000mL; Bacillus pumilus is inoculated into liquid seed culture medium and cultivates, after 2 days, be inoculated into fermentor tank and carry out liquid fermenting production, after the retrogradation of fermented liquid concentration, according to 40%(v:w) add wheat bran, vacuum-drying, be ground into strain powder, solid absorption microbial inoculum, cryopreservation is standby.
(6) prepare S. cervisiae
S. cervisiae is inoculated into bean sprout juice seed culture medium, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, cultivate and after 2 days, in 8% ratio, are inoculated into fermentor tank and carry out liquid fermenting production, cultivate and finish rear interpolation sorbent material, the weight of sorbent material is 10-15 times of culture substrate, after drying and crushing, prepares;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite and light calcium carbonate.
(7) prepare straw decomposing inoculant
The above-mentioned solid fungicide of preparation is mixed by certain weight ratio, thereby prepare straw decomposing inoculant.
Wherein: cellulase preparation 1-2 part, whiterot fungi pulvis 4-6 part, bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-3 part, thermophilicly split spore bacteria powder 1-2 part, bacillus pumilus pulvis 1-2 part, yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae pulvis 0-3 part;
Most preferably, straw decomposing inoculant proportioning is: 1 part of cellulase preparation, 4 parts, whiterot fungi pulvis, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis bacteria powders, thermophilic 1 part of spore bacteria powder, 1 part, bacillus pumilus pulvis, 1 part, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae pulvis of splitting.
In microbial straw composing agent provided by the invention, bacterium, fungi viable bacteria and zymin is composite, the collaborative performance of digest process polycomponent usefulness, than single culture effect stability, quick.Microbial straw composing agent the key technical indexes of the present invention is all better than GB requirement, according to GB20287-2006 < < agricultural microorganism microbial inoculum > >, produce, enzyme is lived isoparametric measuring method according to NY2321-2013 < < microbial fertilizer examination and test of products rules > >, and detected result is as following table 1.
Product of the present invention and preparation method have the following advantages:
(1) efficient quick composting, improves the soil organism
After using product of the present invention, stalk decomposition rate is accelerated, in stalk, the element such as contained organic matter and phosphorus, potassium becomes the required nutrition of plant-growth, and produce a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, microorganism is when decomposing straw, can produce multiple organic acid, organic acid has certain dissolving power to soil mineral constituents, nutritive element in can activating soil, promote the effectuation of nutritive element, reduce the generation of crop nutritional deficiency disease, can also improve the physico-chemical property of soil, improve the soil organism, the cultivated-land of effectively fostering and apply fertilizer, reduces fertilizer application amount, and environmental protection is pollution-free;
(2) composite flora is effective, multi-functional mutual supplement with each other's advantages
Product of the present invention is selected senior middle school's low temperature bacterial classification with decomposition function, it is one group of brand-new flora assembly, adopt modern advanced biotechnology make each flora of its microorganism can harmonious coexistence, mutually promote, reach that enzymatic productivity is strong, antagonistic action is little, the effect of multi-functional mutual supplement with each other's advantages, wherein, xylogen composition in whiterot fungi energy rapid damage stalk, comes out Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose in stalk, has significantly reduced the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed; The mixed culture such as cellulase preparation is mould by healthy and free from worry wood, Trichodermareesei and aspergillus niger make, and the cellulase kind producing is various, and suitability is good;
(3) prevent and treat soil-borne disease, recruitment easy to use is few
Product of the present invention has Biological control function, can suppress the growth of the pathogenic bacterias such as crop banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, root rotof flax, grey mould fruit rot of strawberry; Use after product of the present invention, in straw decomposing process, can breed a large amount of beneficial microorganisms and produce macrometabolic element, not only can stimulate plant growth, strengthening stress resistance of plant, and pathogenic soil bacterium antagonistic Bacillus quantity significantly increases, pathogenic microbes quantity significantly reduces; In addition, product of the present invention can also improve crop disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold tolerance, and meanwhile, product of the present invention only need be spread on crop material surface after crop harvesting before the soaked field of pouring water, do not need to increase separately cargo handling operation, easy to use, saving of work and time;
(4) fabrication cycle is relatively short, reduces costs
But the present invention selects mutually to act synergistically and does not produce again the bacterial classification of antagonistic action: cellulase preparation, whiterot fungi, subtilis, thermophilic spore bacterium, bacillus pumilus, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae of splitting are as producing bacterial classification, the above-mentioned solid fungicide of preparation is mixed by certain weight ratio, thereby prepare straw decomposing inoculant, fabrication cycle is relatively short, production efficiency is high, cost is low, uses safety, convenient.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of microbial straw composing agent, but the present invention selects mutually to act synergistically and does not produce again the bacterial classification of antagonistic action: cellulase preparation, whiterot fungi, subtilis, thermophilic spore bacterium, bacillus pumilus, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae of splitting are as producing bacterial classification.
Comprise the following steps:
(1) prepare cellulase preparation
By two or more blended solids fermentations in the mould and aspergillus of wood, after fermented product drying and crushing, prepare cellulase preparation.Preferably, described cellulase preparation be by Trichodermareesei, healthy and free from worry wood is mould and aspergillus niger in two or more blended solid fermentation, fermented product drying and crushing makes; Most preferably, described cellulase preparation is that Trichodermareesei and aspergillus niger are carried out to the fermentation of 1:1 blended solid, and fermented product drying and crushing makes;
The solid fermentation substratum that solid fermentation is used comprises wheat bran 59wt%, rice straw powder 30wt%, ammonium sulfate 4wt%, potassium primary phosphate 3wt%, calcium carbonate 2wt%, magnesium sulfate 0.5wt%, calcium chloride 1wt%, sodium-chlor 0.5wt%.
(2) prepare whiterot fungi
By whiterot fungi, through twice solid-substrate fermentation, fermentation condition is 30-35 ℃ for the first time, cultivates 2-3 days, and stir 2-3 every day; Fermentation condition is 30-35 ℃ for the second time, cultivates 8-10 days, and stir 5-10 every day; Fermented product joins for the second time in fermention medium according to weight ratio 1:5-10 for the first time, cultivates and finishes rear interpolation sorbent material, and the 10-15 that the weight of sorbent material is culture substrate doubly, prepares whiterot fungi powder after drying and crushing;
Wherein, whiterot fungi fermentation is glucose 20g/L, sucrose 15 g/L, yeast powder 2 g/L, potassium primary phosphate 1.5 g/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.5 g/L and VITMAIN B1 4mg/L with liquid nutrient medium;
Whiterot fungi fermentation comprises wheat bran 25wt%, rice straw powder 25wt%, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 40wt%, soybean cake powder 5wt%, urea 2wt%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5wt%, magnesium sulfate 0.5wt% and a small amount of water with solid medium;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite and light calcium carbonate;
(3) prepare subtilis
The original bacterium of subtilis, after shaking table cultivation, seed culture, fermentor cultivation, by fermented liquid centrifugal treating, is then added to sorbent material, and drying and crushing is prepared subtilis powder;
Subtilis shaking table substratum is meat soup, and seed culture medium comprises Semen Maydis powder 10wt%, peptone 2wt%, soybean cake powder 3wt%, urea 1wt%, and fermentation tank culture medium comprises Semen Maydis powder 8%, peptone 2%, soybean cake powder 4%, urea 1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite and light calcium carbonate;
(4) prepare the thermophilic spore bacterium of splitting
The thermophilic original bacterium of splitting spore bacterium, after shaking table cultivation, seed culture, fermentor cultivation, by fermented liquid centrifugal treating, is then added to sorbent material, and drying and crushing is prepared the thermophilic spore bacterium powder that splits;
Wherein, seed culture medium and fermention medium are peptone 10g, yeast extract paste 5g, extractum carnis 5g, CMC-Na 10g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.2,121 ℃;
(5) prepare bacillus pumilus
Liquid seed culture medium and fermention medium are: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 10g, distilled water 1000mL.Bacillus pumilus is inoculated into liquid seed culture medium and cultivates, after 2 days, be inoculated into fermentor tank and carry out liquid fermenting production, after the retrogradation of fermented liquid concentration, according to 40%(v:w) add wheat bran, vacuum-drying, be ground into strain powder, solid absorption microbial inoculum, cryopreservation is standby;
(6) prepare S. cervisiae
S. cervisiae is inoculated into bean sprout juice seed culture medium, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, cultivate and after 2 days, in 8% ratio, are inoculated into fermentor tank and carry out liquid fermenting production, cultivate and finish rear interpolation sorbent material, the weight of sorbent material is 10-15 times of culture substrate, after drying and crushing, prepares;
(7) prepare straw decomposing inoculant
The above-mentioned solid fungicide of preparation is mixed by certain weight ratio, thereby prepare straw decomposing inoculant;
Wherein: cellulase preparation 1-2 part, whiterot fungi pulvis 4-6 part, bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-3 part, thermophilicly split spore bacteria powder 1-2 part, bacillus pumilus pulvis 1-2 part, yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae pulvis 0-3 part.
embodiment 1
1 part of cellulase preparation, 4 parts of whiterot fungi pulvis, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis bacteria powders, 1 part of thermophilic spore bacteria powder, 1 part of bacillus pumilus pulvis and 1 part of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae pulvis of splitting are evenly mixed, prepare a kind of microbial straw composing agent.
embodiment 2
By 2 parts of cellulase preparations, 4 parts of whiterot fungi pulvis, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis bacteria powders, 1 part thermophilicly split spore bacteria powder and 1 part of bacillus pumilus pulvis evenly mixes, prepare a kind of microbial straw composing agent.
field experiment (one) decomposing agent is to the become thoroughly decomposed trial report of effect of rice straw
Test period: in July, 2012
Test site: Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province Xuwen County
For trying stalk: rice straw.
This test arranges 2 test points at Xuwen County, and 5 processing are established in each test point, and each treatment zone area is not less than 30 square metres, and 3 repetitions are established in test, processes random alignment, and also field pattern adopts rice straw direct returning to farmland.Concrete processing mode is as following table 2:
Each field agronomic measures of processing (implantation time, crop varieties, mu rate of fertilizer application, irrigation quantity, pesticide dosage) is consistent.
The method of becoming thoroughly decomposed: after rice straw is weighed, tile field or pulverize after be scattered in field, by every mu of 2 kilograms of consumptions, be evenly sprinkled into high-efficiency multi-function straw decomposing inoculant of the present invention, then will stalk and decomposing agent soak in water and become thoroughly decomposed.
Rice straw is used and within the 5th day, the 10th day, the 20th day, the 40th day, to observe the rice straw degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed after decomposing agent, as whether loose in appearance change, the color of becoming thoroughly decomposed, material structure, foul smelling etc. whether; Investigation rice straw is also respectively processed crop yield situation behind field; Each treatment zone all needs to gather soil sample before test and after off-test, with conventional assay method in industry, detects the soil organism, full nitrogen, available potassium equal size, analyzes the also nutrient changing conditions behind field of rice straw.
Test-results shows, rice straw is used after high-efficiency multi-function straw decomposing inoculant of the present invention, and noticeable change has all occurred for the outward appearance of rice straw, color, structure, smell.For unified, observe, the rotten degree of rice straw is approximately decided to be: the Huang of rice straw color, micro-Huang, brown Huang, black Huang are decided to be respectively 1,2,3,4 grade; The musty of rice straw smell, ammonia taste, vinosity, putrid taste are decided to be respectively 1,2,3,4 grade; Hard, the Microsoft of feel softening degree, soft, rot to be decided to be respectively 1,2,3,4 grade.Decomposition degree numerical value during statistics in each processing is three norms rating value sum, and this processing rice straw of the larger expression of numerical value becomes thoroughly decomposed faster, and effect is more obvious.
As can be seen from Table 3, use after straw decomposing inoculant than not using all shifting to an earlier date to some extent of straw decomposing inoculant, but use after high-efficiency multi-function straw decomposing inoculant of the present invention, the rice straw time of becoming thoroughly decomposed shifts to an earlier date to some extent than conventional straw decomposing inoculant, and it is the fastest to process embodiment 1 in four time of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Table 3 rice straw decomposition degree questionnaire
As can be seen from Table 4, adopt rice straw also the rice yield in field all higher than without the rice straw blank in field also, use straw decomposing inoculant and (process three, process four, processing five) after, than the rice yield of not using straw decomposing inoculant (processing two), all increase, but use after high-efficiency multi-function straw decomposing inoculant of the present invention, process four, process five and than the rice yield mu of using conventional straw decomposing inoculant (processing three), increase production 21.6 kilograms respectively, 10.5 kilograms, output is the highest owing to becoming thoroughly decomposed effect preferably for embodiment 1 in processing four, per mu yield is 615.4 kilograms, than the embodiment 2 rice yield mus of processing in five, increase production 11.1 kilograms.
Also table 4 rice straw becomes thoroughly decomposed test output statistics table in field
Unit: kg/acre
By field test, result shows, uses microbial straw composing agent of the present invention and can accelerate rice straw and rot, and uses the rear rotten successful of not using decomposing agent for first 10 days.Rice straw also in the process of field, is used microbial straw composing agent of the present invention, and rear stubble rice yield is had to certain production-increasing function, and embodiment 1 effect of processing in four is best, is worth promoting.
the become thoroughly decomposed effect test report of field experiment (two) decomposing agent to maize straw
Test period: 2012 10 months in June ,-2013.
Test site: Luquan City, Hebei province bureau of agriculture farm.
For studying thing: wheat, Ji wheat 2 No. 6.
Test design: 4 processing are established in test, repeats 3 times, and random district group is arranged, and area each concrete processing mode of 150 ㎡ in community is as following table 5.
Test method:
(1) ploughed depth 2 0-30 centimetre, guarantee after turning over that soil has certain water content (>=2 0%);
(2) guarantee that stalk has certain water content, in order to the microorganism growth in organic matter decomposing inoculant and straw decomposing, each Treating straw water content is basically identical;
(3) base manure and straw decomposing inoculant are used simultaneously, and crop material is pulverized after being laid in field and sprayed, and every mu of straw decomposing inoculant 2kg is watered 2 0kg;
(4) respectively process field agronomic measures consistent, community four prestige protection row and irrigation and drainage ditches, guarantee single filling, single;
(5) succession crop is wheat, guarantees that between each processing, agronomic measures (implantation time, crop varieties, rate of fertilizer application, irrigation quantity, pesticide dosage) is consistent.
Test item: adopt rate of weight loss method record, measure straw decomposing situation at different time, record the upgrowth situation of wheat, relatively output.
1, organic matter decomposing inoculant is to the maize straw effect situation of becoming thoroughly decomposed
The straw decomposing situation of table 6 different treatment (outward appearance, smell change)
The straw decomposing situation of table 7 different treatment (weightless variation, mean value)
N0 is initial day, and sample takes 50g sample after putting 85 ℃ of oven dry 6h.
2, the impact of straw-returning on Agronomic Characters in Wheat
Table 8 straw-returning is on the impact of Agronomic Characters in Wheat (mean value)
3, the impact of different treatment on winter wheat yields
Table 9 test-results (amounting to per mu yield)
Table 10 variance analysis
Table 11 multiple comparisons
?
By table 6, table 7, can be found out, process 3,4 the decomposition speed processed processes 2 fast, the straw decomposition changing conditions that compares two processing from water colour, culm colour, feel decomposition degree, pulling force and smell aspect, the straw decomposition effect of processing by straw decomposing inoculant for two weeks is remarkable, through on-the-spot naked eyes, check with odor identification and find, becoming thoroughly decomposed of processing 3, processing 4 is all more thorough.
As can be seen from Table 9, maize straw direct returning to farmland is difficult to become thoroughly decomposed, and affects second stubble crop farming and output.Adopt the wheat yield of straw-returning all higher than the blank without straw-returning, use after high-efficiency multi-function straw decomposing inoculant of the present invention, processing 3, processing 4 increase production respectively 7.58%, 6.67% than processing 2, than processing 1, increase production respectively 10.3%, 9.3%.
Test shows, uses the decomposition that high-efficiency multi-function straw decomposing inoculant of the present invention can accelerate maize straw, increases the output of lower batch wheat, and wherein the effect of embodiment 1 is best, can large scale application.
Claims (9)
1. a microbial straw composing agent, is characterized in that: using cellulase preparation, whiterot fungi, subtilis, thermophilic spore bacterium, bacillus pumilus, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae of splitting as producing bacterial classification;
Wherein said whiterot fungi >=0.4 hundred million CFU/g, subtilis >=0.2 hundred million CFU/g, thermophilic spore bacterium >=0.2 hundred million CFU/g that splits, described yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae >=0.2 hundred million CFU/g.
2. microbial straw composing agent as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described straw decomposing inoculant is powder dose-type.
3. microbial straw composing agent as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described cellulase preparation for wood is mould and aspergillus in two or more blended solids fermentations, after fermented product drying and crushing, make.
4. microbial straw composing agent as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described wood is mould comprises that viride, Trichodermareesei, healthy and free from worry wood are mould, trichoderma asperellum, dark green trichoderma, trichoderma harziarum, long shoot wood are mould.
5. microbial straw composing agent as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described aspergillus comprises aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, terreus, solution equisetic acid aspergillus, flavus.
6. the preparation method of the microbial straw composing agent as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-5, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) prepare cellulase preparation
By two or more blended solids fermentations in the mould and aspergillus of wood, after fermented product drying and crushing, prepare cellulase preparation;
Solid fermentation substratum comprises wheat bran 50-80wt%, rice straw powder 25-40wt%, ammonium sulfate 1-5wt%, potassium primary phosphate 1-5wt%, calcium carbonate 1-5wt%, magnesium sulfate 0.1-1wt%, calcium chloride 0.1-1wt%, sodium-chlor 0.1-1wt%;
(2) prepare whiterot fungi
By whiterot fungi, through fermenting twice, fermentation condition is 30-35 ℃ for the first time, cultivates 2-3 days, and stir 2-3 every day; Fermentation condition is 30-35 ℃ for the second time, cultivates 8-10 days, and stir 5-10 every day; Fermented product joins for the second time in fermention medium according to weight ratio 1:5-10 for the first time, cultivates and finishes rear interpolation sorbent material, and the 10-15 that the weight of sorbent material is culture substrate doubly, prepares whiterot fungi powder after drying and crushing;
Wherein, whiterot fungi fermentation is glucose 20g/L, sucrose 15 g/L, yeast powder 2 g/L, potassium primary phosphate 1.5 g/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.5 g/L and VITMAIN B1 4mg/L with liquid nutrient medium;
Solid medium is wheat bran 10-30wt%, rice straw powder 10-30wt%, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 35-55wt%, soybean cake powder 1-5wt%, urea 0.1-2wt%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.5wt%, magnesium sulfate 0.1-0.5wt% and a small amount of water;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite and light calcium carbonate;
(3) prepare subtilis
The original bacterium of subtilis, after shaking table cultivation, seed culture, fermentor cultivation, by fermented liquid centrifugal treating, is then added to sorbent material, and drying and crushing is prepared subtilis powder;
Wherein subtilis shaking table substratum is meat soup, seed culture medium comprises Semen Maydis powder 1-10wt%, peptone 0.5-3wt%, soybean cake powder 0.5-3wt%, urea 0.1-1wt%, and fermentation tank culture medium comprises Semen Maydis powder 2-8%, peptone 0.5-3%, soybean cake powder 0.5-5%, urea 0.1-1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1-1%;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite and light calcium carbonate;
(4) prepare the thermophilic spore bacterium of splitting
The thermophilic original bacterium of splitting spore bacterium, after shaking table cultivation, seed culture, fermentor cultivation, by fermented liquid centrifugal treating, is then added to sorbent material, and drying and crushing is prepared the thermophilic spore bacterium powder that splits;
Wherein, seed culture medium and fermention medium are peptone 10g, yeast extract paste 5g, extractum carnis 5g, CMC-Na 10g, distilled water 1000mL, pH7.2,121 ℃;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite and light calcium carbonate;
(5) prepare bacillus pumilus
Liquid seed culture medium and fermention medium are: extractum carnis 3g, peptone 10g, sodium-chlor 10g, distilled water 1000mL; Bacillus pumilus is inoculated into liquid seed culture medium and cultivates, after 2 days, be inoculated into fermentor tank and carry out liquid fermenting production, after the retrogradation of fermented liquid concentration, according to 40%v/w, add wheat bran, vacuum-drying, be ground into strain powder, solid absorption microbial inoculum, cryopreservation is standby;
(6) prepare S. cervisiae
S. cervisiae is inoculated into bean sprout juice seed culture medium, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, cultivate and after 2 days, in 8% ratio, are inoculated into fermentor tank and carry out liquid fermenting production, cultivate and finish rear interpolation sorbent material, the weight of sorbent material is 10-15 times of culture substrate, after drying and crushing, prepares;
Sorbent material is selected from one or more in the peat composed of rotten mosses, zeolite powder, wilkinite, light calcium carbonate;
(7) prepare straw decomposing inoculant
The above-mentioned solid fungicide of preparation is mixed by certain weight ratio, thereby make straw decomposing inoculant.
7. the preparation method of microbial straw composing agent as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the cellulase preparation described in step (1) is that Trichodermareesei and aspergillus niger are carried out to the fermentation of 1:1 blended solid, and fermented product drying and crushing makes.
8. the preparation method of microbial straw composing agent as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described in step (7), solid fungicide makes by following weight ratio: cellulase preparation 1-2 part, whiterot fungi pulvis 4-6 part, bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 2-3 part, thermophilicly split spore bacteria powder 1-2 part, bacillus pumilus pulvis 1-2 part, yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae pulvis 0.1-3 part.
9. the preparation method of microbial straw composing agent as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: described in step (7), solid fungicide makes by following weight ratio: 1 part of cellulase preparation, 4 parts, whiterot fungi pulvis, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis bacteria powders, thermophilic 1 part of spore bacteria powder, 1 part, bacillus pumilus pulvis, 1 part, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae pulvis of splitting.
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