CN101575227A - Method for manufacturing organic fertilizer by utilizing sludge - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing organic fertilizer by utilizing sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN101575227A CN101575227A CNA2009101483959A CN200910148395A CN101575227A CN 101575227 A CN101575227 A CN 101575227A CN A2009101483959 A CNA2009101483959 A CN A2009101483959A CN 200910148395 A CN200910148395 A CN 200910148395A CN 101575227 A CN101575227 A CN 101575227A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to an aerobic fermentation process, in particular to a sludge processing method; and provides a method for manufacturing organic fertilizer by utilizing sludge comprising the following steps: firstly, adding an additive to the sludge; secondly, piling up the mixture which is obtained in the previous step for fermentation, overturning and throwing; and finally, obtaining the organic fertilizer by secondary fermentation for the mixture, and making the organic fertilizer to particles or powder to obtain fertilizer finished products. The invention has the advantages of less investment, less field occupation, short processing period, low running cost and good product quality; the invention further has the advantage that no 'three wastes' are produced in the manufacturing process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aerobic fermentation engineering, relate in particular to method for sludge treatment.
Background technology
Municipal sewage treatment is the environmental issue that China " 95 " Tenth Five-Year Plan Period needs emphasis to solve, and when carrying out sewage disposal energetically, is faced with again its concomitant product--the difficult problem that-sludge treatment is disposed.Adopt innoxious, the resource utilization farm technology of municipal sludge, utilize mud as raw material, add trade waste----flyash and additives such as N, P, K, make the particulate state compoiste fertilizer, not only solved the handling problem of city sewage and sludge, also can fully utilize, promoted the development of environmental protection industry pollutents such as mud, flyash, and have the characteristic of improving the soil for agricultural provides, improve the organic composite fertilizer of crop yield, promote agriculture production.
In present available Sludge Disposal Techniques, composting technology is the most natural, has been the most friendly to environment both.Municipal sludge after handling with composting process carries out agricultural use, but has advantage such as economical and convenient resource utilization.So the sludge composting technology is continuable technology.Yet anaerobic composting and natural ventilation aerobic compost now have been in superseded state because slow, cycle of reaction process is long, floor space is big and shortcoming such as foul smell is arranged.The forced ventilation aerobic compost is because fermentation period is short and foul smell is easy to control and earn widespread respect.At present domestic have only enterprise of a few family of only a few in the business of carrying out the aerobic sludge compost, and used technology all is to introduce external early stage technology.The gordian technique of aerobic sludge compost is exactly the Primary Fermentation groove, state-of-the-art technology is all grasped at present in North America, Japan and European countries' hand, these countries have begun to march to Chinese market, for example take up an area of the more circular dynamically silo fermenter handled of easily collecting of littler and foul smell.Therefore it is very necessary developing the state-owned aerobic compost technology with independent intellectual property right, also is very urgent.
Abroad, it is agricultural that mud and compost thereof are made the source of manure, existing history for many years.The U.S. as far back as the beginning of the sixties in 19th century just relevant for the agricultural research of mud.Japan built up first sludge composting center in 1954, had built 35 to the end of the nineties.At present the maximum composting plant of Japan is in the Sapporo city in Hokkaido, and fermentation cabin and production line and bagged product are had a scale very much, and mechanize, level of automation are very high.Britain Pu Chang in Wanli year has quoted the mechanically composting technology of Dano company and has produced 40000 tons of powderies per year.Mud farmland utilization accounts for 33% of mud output total amount in the U.S., and Portugal is up to 80%, Germany 25%, Japan 11%, Britain 51%.
Japan, Korea S and more American-European countries research and develop out sealing storehouse formula fermentation system in succession in recent years.Mechanically charging, ventilation and discharge, though facility investment is higher, but because level of automation height, cycle are short, day handle that sludge quantity is big, steady quality after the sludge treatment, effectively utilize easily, and can control foul smell and other factor of environmental pollution effectively, so comprehensive benefit is good.
At present; domesticly also sludge composting is studied; 1997 how people such as product crystalline substance in the environmental science periodical of Shanghai; the document exercise question is the feasibility that has proved China's municipal sewage sludge composting in feasibility analysis [J] article of mud comprehensive treatment technique system; in mud, add wood chip and cinder; drawing fermentation period is 12-15d, and 2m is adopted in the gas distribution pipe spacing suggestion of bar buttress formula.Zhang Yonghao etc. are in the 7th volume third phase at urban environment and urban ecology periodical in 1994, the document exercise question be mention in the 1-4 page or leaf of digested sludge intermittent type compost operation tolerance control mode [J] set up innoxious temperature-time standard of digested sludge intermittent type compost stage (50 ℃-2h), and the functional relation of air flow and digested sludge compost average response speed proposed, standard has been set up a kind of novel compost operation tolerance control mode according to this, adjust tolerance according to innoxious temperature-time standard, make material in composting process, satisfy the technology tolerance of the maximum tolerance of this standard just for this control mode.Li Yanxia is in 1999 the 20th phases environmental science periodical, to be envrionment temperature to the 63-66 page or leaf of the influence [J] of sludge composting fall into a trap the document exercise question has calculated the heat production and the heat radiation balance of mud heap body, having drawn minimum sludge composting volume is 0.64m3, under the suitable parameters condition, the envrionment temperature more than 5-8 ℃ all can make sludge composting heat up smoothly.Ecological Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, Academia Sinica unite and have successfully developed mud efficient low-consume compost and preparing compound fertilizer complete set technology.By Technological Economy relatively, selected forced ventilation static storehouse formula composting process, the time of succeeding in developing-Temperature Feedback Ventilation Control technology, realized the automatization of compost temperature and Ventilation Control, set up the compost operating procedure that natural ventilation combines with forced ventilation, efficient low-consume, effect is remarkable.Yang Yidong builds in the periodical of science and technology in 1996 the 24th phases Tianjin, the document exercise question is to mention early stage ventilation in municipal sludge aerobic compost analysis of influential factors [J] the 17-21 page or leaf can improve the heap temperature rapidly, for making the heap temperature maintain optimum temperuture, can utilize collapse of setting and add atm number, particularly in the compost later stage, make the absorption of the heat of accumulation in the heap layer by moisture content, evaporative heat loss prevents to pile temperature rise.Chen Tongbin was rolled up on the 6th phase Acta Ecologica Sinica at 2002 the 22nd, the document exercise question is to propose the amendment ratio in the 911-915 page or leaf of discussion [J] of accumulated temperature rule in the municipal sludge aerobic composting process when low, the heap body heats up, rate of temperature fall is all slower, and heap temperature is lower, even does not reach the desired sterilization temperature of sludge high temperature compost; When the amendment ratio was high, the heap body heated up, rate of temperature fall is all very fast, and high-temperature duration is short; The backflow that can the add suitable proportion mud that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Simultaneously, have following problem in the sludge composting process: nitrogen loss is serious, and the minimizing effect is not high, and the compost time is long, frowziness, and investment and running cost are more high.But from long-range eye, nitrogen loss is only and solves the main path that composting technology is extensively promoted in shortening compost time, the minimizing composting process.So the scholar who is engaged in compost research has both at home and abroad carried out many-sided research to these two problems, become the focus of compost research in recent years.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art that a kind of method of utilizing waste material to produce organic fertilizer, economical and convenient, the innoxious substitute technology of efficient sludge stabilizing are provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of method of utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1) water ratio is 75～85% behind filter-press dehydration, weight ratio is that to add water ratio 10～20%, weight ratio in 65～75% the mud be 25～35% additive.
2) 24～42 days fermentation is carried out in the mixture accumulation that obtains, and carried out every day turning over throwing 2～4 times;
3) mixture of finishing fermentation is organic fertilizer, is made into particle or powdery again and obtains the fertilizer finished product.
Further, described method steps 2) further comprising the steps of afterwards:
21) get rid of the moisture content that mixture produces in the fermentation;
22) increase air content, quicken the fermentation of described mixture;
23) deodorizing.
Above-described 3 steps can be implemented in any stage in step 2.
Further, described step 2) with the concrete steps of the fermented mixture that obtains:
A) described mixture is increased to from normal temperature gradually in temperature under 45 ℃～55 ℃ the condition, ferments 2～3 days;
B) keeping temperature is that described mixture fermented 7～9 days once more under 45 ℃～55 ℃ the condition;
C) temperature is reduced to normal temperature, and described mixture fermented 15-30 days at last.Further, further comprising the steps of after described step c):
D) cool the temperature to normal temperature after, described mixture temperature the temperature remains within the normal range state increased turning over of described mixture thrown and time counted to 5～10 times this moment.In general mixture temperature arrives after the normal temperature, generally can not lower the temperature again, and the temperature remains within the normal range substantially, and possible water ratio uprises, and can remove the moisture in the mixture by turning over throwing, reduces water ratio, reduces volume.
Further, described additive is that weight ratio is that 40～60% straw powder, weight ratio are that 15～30% ground phosphate rock, weight ratio are that 15～30% heavy metal deactivators and weight ratio are 5～10% microbial inoculums.
Above-described straw powder is that pulverizer is made meal to stalk, and carbon and a small amount of nitrogenous source are provided.
Above-described ground phosphate rock has two kinds of grey or brown, and main component is a fluoro-phosphatic rock, contains full phosphorus (Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES) 10-35%, wherein the phosphorus of 3-5% is dissolved in weak acid, can be absorbed by crop, other most of crop is difficult to directly absorb, and belongs to difficultly soluble phosphatic fertilizer.After being manured into soil, mainly rely on the effect of acidity in the soil, soil microorganisms, crop root excretory weak acid etc. to transform, could be absorbed by crop, its fertilizer efficiency is very slow and lasting.Use once, fertilizer efficiency can be kept several years.
Further, described heavy metal deactivator is coal ash or ground phosphate rock or zeolite or the peat composed of rotten mosses or unslaked lime or perlite.
Above-described heavy metal deactivator may contain heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr etc.) in the mud, may exceed standard, and adds heavy metal deactivator, by chemistry, physical-chemical reaction, makes the heavy metal stable existence in passivator, does not influence farm crop.As coal ash, ground phosphate rock, zeolite and the peat composed of rotten mosses, unslaked lime, perlite etc.
Further, described microbial inoculum comprises any one or a few in fungi, bacterium, actinomycetes, yeast, the mould.
Further, described fungi is mould or white-rot fungi or candidiasis or aquatic trichosporon bacterium or Kluyveromyces sp or geotrichum candidum bacterium or a rhizopus of healthy and free from worry wood; Described bacterium is genus bacillus or photosynthetic bacteria or aztobacter sp; Described actinomycetes are thermoactinomyces.
Above-described microbial inoculum refers to the living microorganism with phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, fixed nitrogen function that the spore state exists.
The process that the present invention utilizes sun power to ferment by the aerobic microbiological in the mud.Can also with mud by a certain percentage with plant residues such as various stalks, straw, sawdust, leaf, perhaps mix with the peat composed of rotten mosses, flyash, domestic refuse etc., by means of mixing microorganisms group, in wet environment, multiple organism is carried out oxygenolysis, make organism be converted into the class soil ulmin.
The present invention mainly is made up of as accompanying drawing 1 modified mixed stocker, Guang Peng, fermenter, turnover throwing machine, the car of dividing a word with a hyphen at the end of a line, ventilation deodoration system, aerating system etc.Material was generally 25 to 40 days in the fermenter residence time, and the time, surplus material water ratio was low more more.Turnover throwing machine moves on fermenter, stirs material by tooth harrow, forcing aeration by the bottom, makes material and air mixed even simultaneously, improves ferment effect.
The foul smell that system of the present invention fermentation produces is extracted out by being located at the vertical foul smell collection tube of fermenter, delivers to scrubbing tower and carries out odor purification.Scrubbing tower adopts acid solution that foul smell is handled.
System of the present invention contains a cover compost automatic measuring and controlling system and corresponding aeration ventilation installation, and this system gathers, handles, stores the information of composting process, and carries out feedback control according to compost, and the realization composting process is controlled automatically.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) less investment is taken up an area of for a short time, and the processing cycle is short
The facility investment of this device day 1 ton of mud of processing only is the 1/2-2/3 of other sludge drying technique investment, and the product after the processing does not need to stack and Secondary Fermentation, directly can be used as product and uses.For city in short supply, soil, the independent processing unit can three-dimensional make up, and saves the soil by taking up room.The fermentation canopy be the sunlight canopy of Lightweight Steel Construction, material is uniform distribution in fermenter, buildings to earth bearing strength require less.
(2) running cost is low
The required origin of heat of sludge fermentation and drying process has only the mechanical movement of processing unit to consume small amount of electrical energy in biological heat energy and sun power, handles about 5 degree of mud power consumption per ton.
Higher because of automation degree of equipment, technical process is simplified, and stable, working method is grasped easily, and operator are less, handles line for every and need be equipped with operator 1-2 people, and cost of labor is relatively low.
Because of the fermentation canopy is a closed sunlight canopy, only during equipment work, need the deodorizing equipment work during with extraneous exchange of air, the deodorizing cost is lower.
Equipment operating environment pH value is near neutral, and rotproofing is simple, and the equipment cycle of operation is long, long service life, and maintenance cost is low.
(3) production process does not produce the three wastes
The full scale production process of sludge fermentation mummification does not produce waste liquid, waste residue, and the smell index meets national secondary air standard after deodorizing.All raw materials except that drainage water steam and a small amount of CO2, have all become nutrition soil or fertilizer after treatment.
(4) resultant quality better
Organic wastes such as mud after continuing the thermophilic fermentation more than 50 ℃, fermentation thoroughly, free from extraneous odour, the sterilization ovum that goes out is killed grass-seed, the nutrition soil that mud generates through biological fermentation, not only the organic content height, also have a large amount of probioticss and part physiologically active substance.In soil, use, can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil activation, improve soil physical chemistry, alleviate soil compaction; Can also promote crop growth, promote the crop precocity, make the crop root prosperity, stem is thick, leaf is thick.Improve crop drought resistance, waterlogging-resistant, cold-resistant, resistant to lodging, diseases and insect pests resistance, volume increase, the effect of increasing income are obvious.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention 1 structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention 2 structural representations;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing principle of the present invention and feature are described, institute gives an actual example and only is used to explain the present invention, is not to be used to limit scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: a kind of method of utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material is provided, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1) water ratio is 80% behind filter-press dehydration, weight ratio is that to add water ratio 15%, weight ratio in 70% the mud be 30% additive.
2) 24 days fermentation is carried out in the mixture accumulation that obtains, and carried out every day turning over throwing 4 times;
3) get rid of the moisture content that mixture produces in the fermentation;
4) increase air content, quicken the fermentation of described mixture;
5) deodorizing;
6) mixture of finishing fermentation is organic fertilizer, is made into particulate state fertilizer finished product again.
Described step 2) in the concrete steps of the fermented mixture that obtains:
A) described mixture is increased to from normal temperature gradually in temperature under 55 ℃ the condition, ferments 2 days.
B) keeping temperature is that described mixture fermented 7 days once more under 55 ℃ the condition.
C) temperature is reduced to normal temperature, the last fermentation of described mixture 15 days.
Described additive is that weight ratio is 50% straw powder, 20% ground phosphate rock, 20% heavy metal deactivator and 10% microbial inoculum.
Water ratio 80% mud mixes back mixture water ratio with water ratio 15% additive weight in wet base be 60%.
Described heavy metal deactivator is a zeolite, and described microbial inoculum is candidiasis, rhizopus, genus bacillus.
A) described mixture is increased to from normal temperature gradually in temperature under 55 ℃ the condition, ferments 3 days.
B) keeping temperature is that described mixture fermented 9 days once more under 55 ℃ the condition.
C) temperature is reduced to normal temperature, the last fermentation of described mixture 30 days.
The mixture of finishing fermentation in embodiment 1 described step 6) is organic fertilizer, is made into the powdered fertilizer finished product again.In the concrete steps of fermented mixture, the step d) that also comprises after described step c) is for after cooling the temperature to normal temperature, and the temperature remains within the normal range for described mixture temperature at this moment, and increase is thrown inferior counting to 8 times to turning over of described mixture.
Described additive is that weight ratio is 60% straw powder, 15% ground phosphate rock, 15% heavy metal deactivator and 10% microbial inoculum.
Described heavy metal deactivator is a coal ash, and described microbial inoculum is aquatic trichosporon bacterium, geotrichum candidum bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, for realizing a kind of device of the inventive method, described device includes light canopy 1, is provided with 1 fermenter 2 in light canopy 1, is provided with turnover throwing machine 3 above fermenter 2, is provided with sunlight board 5 in the ceiling portion of described smooth canopy 1.The length of described fermenter 2 is that the discharging length of fermenter 2 multiply by the fate that described mixture is stacked in fermenter.The high 1.35m of described stock chest, wide 6m, the about 1m of mud piling height.Fermentation length is 70m.Described device also includes compost automatic measuring and controlling temperature system, with corresponding aeration ventilation installation, temperature measurement-control instrument 10 is installed by automatic measuring and controlling temperature system in fermenter 2, the signal feedback that temperature measurement-control instrument 10 records is given Controlling System, by the Controlling System controlled temperature.Described aeration ventilation installation are gas blower 9, and gas blower 9 is connected with the bottom of fermenter 2.Also be provided with ventilation odor removal 6 on the described smooth canopy, ventilation odor removal 6 is the foul smell collection tubes 61 that are provided with on light canopy 1 top, and foul smell collection tube 61 is connected with washing tower 63 by induced draft fan 62.The bottom of described fermenter 2 is provided with water exhaust system 7, and described water exhaust system is for being provided with water shoot 71 in each fermenter 2, and water shoot 71 is provided with the hole, water shoot 71 again with gather pipe 72 and be connected; Also be provided with humidity-discharging device 8 in described smooth canopy 1, described humidity-discharging device is an aerofoil fan.The working process that this device is complete is: produce mud in fermenter 2 with forklift every day, the high 1.35m of the stock chest of fermenter 2, and wide 6m, the about 1m of mud piling height, fermentation length 70m turnover throwing machine turn over and throw 2 times every days, 2.8 meters of 2 total mobile materials.2.8 meters of every groove chargings every day, 2.8 meters of every groove dischargings every day have realized the continuous circulation of material.Fermentation all utilizes sun power to ferment, and sunlight is injected from the sunlight board 5 on the sweathouse, fully contacts with material, makes full use of renewable and clean energy resource sun power.By gas blower 9 in the past fermenter feed an amount of air, satisfy in the fermenting process mixture to the needs of oxygen.Along with increasing of fermentation fate, produce a large amount of moisture, portion of water excludes from water exhaust system 7, and another part can enter in the air by humidity-discharging device 8.If plant area is strict to stink control, can increase deodoration system, be fed through washing tower 63 by induced draft fan 62, foul smell is carried out pickling, remove main component NH in the foul smell
3
Among Fig. 4, fermenter 2 is 3.The top of fermenter 2 also is provided with the car 4 of dividing a word with a hyphen at the end of a line, and the fermentation length of fermenter 2 is 112m.The car 4 of dividing a word with a hyphen at the end of a line this moment can be transferred to another fermenter to turnover throwing machine with mixture from a fermenter, realizes that a plurality of fermenters can shared same machine throwing 3, the saving equipment of turning over.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a method of utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
1) water ratio is 75～85% behind filter-press dehydration, weight ratio is that to add water ratio 10～20%, weight ratio in 65～75% the mud be 25～35% additive.
2) 24～42 days fermentation is carried out in the mixture accumulation that obtains, and carried out every day turning over throwing 2～4 times;
3) mixture of finishing fermentation is organic fertilizer, is made into particle or powdery again and obtains the fertilizer finished product.
2. the method for utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described method steps 2) further comprising the steps of:
21) moisture content of mixture in the eliminating fermentation;
22) increase air content, quicken the fermentation of described mixture;
23) deodorizing.
3. the method for utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described step 2) in the concrete steps of the fermented mixture that obtains:
A) described mixture is increased to from normal temperature gradually in temperature under 45 ℃～55 ℃ the condition, ferments 2～3 days;
B) keeping temperature is that described mixture fermented 7～9 days once more under 45 ℃～55 ℃ the condition;
C) temperature is reduced to normal temperature, the slaking 15～30 days of fermenting at last of described mixture.
4. the method for utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, and is further comprising the steps of after described step c):
D) cool the temperature to normal temperature after, described mixture temperature the temperature remains within the normal range state increased turning over of described mixture thrown and time counted to 5～10 times this moment.
5. as the arbitrary described method of utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described additive comprises 40～60% straw powder, 15～30% ground phosphate rock, 15～30% heavy metal deactivators and 5～10% microbial inoculums by weight percentage.
6. the method for utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described heavy metal deactivator is coal ash or ground phosphate rock or zeolite or the peat composed of rotten mosses or unslaked lime or perlite.
7. the method for utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described microbial inoculum comprises any one or a few in fungi, bacterium, actinomycetes, yeast, the mould.
8. the method for utilizing the producing organic fertilizer from sludge material as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described fungi is mould or white-rot fungi or candidiasis or aquatic trichosporon bacterium or Kluyveromyces sp or geotrichum candidum bacterium or a rhizopus of healthy and free from worry wood; Described bacterium is genus bacillus or photosynthetic bacteria or aztobacter sp; Described actinomycetes are thermoactinomyces.
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2009
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