CN101874567A - A method for resource utilization of plant waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for resource utilization of plant wastes, the purpose of which is to solve the problem of processing plant wastes such as straws, reduce environmental pollution caused by traditional treatment methods, and at the same time produce high economic value earthworms and natural eco organic fertilizer. The technical solution is to ferment plant wastes to prepare earthworm compost for raising earthworms. At the same time, after the earthworms mature, the humus such as vermicompost left after the earthworms are separated can be used as a natural ecological organic fertilizer. The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are: the effective treatment of the plant waste is realized, and the effective components in it can be utilized as resources, which embodies the concepts of sustainable development and circular economy. The invention has simple process, easy operation, less investment and no risk, and can be used in small-scale household applications, and can also be used in green ecological agricultural areas or special ecological systems (such as the bio-regeneration ecological life support system of future moon and Mars space bases) ) Treatment of agricultural organic waste.

Description

A method for resource utilization of plant waste

technical field

The invention relates to a method for resource utilization of plant waste, and belongs to the technical field of combining a waste biological treatment method and an animal feeding method.

Background technique

Every autumn harvest season, a large amount of plant waste such as straw will be produced in rural areas or suburban areas. The traditional disposal methods of plant waste are mainly landfill and incineration, but the process of straw incineration not only causes serious pollution to the surrounding environment, but also destroys Organic matter in farmland soils. Landfills will cause the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and the leachate produced by landfills will also pose a serious threat to the groundwater environment. On the other hand, as a kind of biomass energy, plant waste contains many renewable or recyclable organic substances. Effective treatment and recycling of plant waste is an inevitable requirement for reducing environmental pollution and sustainable development.

In recent years, the economic value of earthworms has attracted more and more attention from scholars at home and abroad. Earthworm is also called "earth dragon". It grows and reproduces quickly. It contains 9 kinds of amino acids necessary for animals, as well as a variety of trace elements and vitamins. It is a kind of animal protein with rich protein, many kinds of amino acids and high quality. feed. Earthworms can also be used to deal with industrial pollution. According to reports, 300 million earthworms can process 100 tons of papermaking sludge per day, and 300 tons of waste and wastewater from wineries, livestock and aquatic product processing plants. At home and abroad, earthworms are also used as raw materials to prepare medicines and nutritional health products, such as calcium capsules, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and highly active "lumbrokinase" for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Contents of the invention

The invention relates to a method for resource utilization of plant wastes, the purpose of which is to solve the problem of processing plant wastes such as straws, reduce environmental pollution caused by traditional treatment methods, and at the same time produce high economic value earthworms and natural eco organic fertilizer.

The present invention is realized as follows: a method for resource utilization of plant waste. It includes fermenting plant wastes to prepare earthworm compost for feeding earthworms. At the same time, after the earthworms are mature, the humus such as vermicompost left after the earthworms are separated can be used as a natural ecological organic fertilizer.

Further points of the present invention are:

The plant wastes are harvested stalks of gramineous plants such as spring wheat, winter wheat, rice, and corn, roots of leafy vegetables, and husks of leguminous plants such as peanuts, and have a wide range of sources and low cost.

When the plant waste is fermented, the fermentation process is as follows: constant temperature anaerobic fermentation at 55°C for 5 days - 35°C constant temperature aerobic fermentation for 5 days; or constant temperature aerobic fermentation at 55°C for 5 days - 35°C constant temperature is best Oxygen fermentation for 5 days. Both processes can effectively decompose organic matter such as cellulose and lignin in the plant waste, and the earthworm culture material can be obtained after the plant waste is decomposed and heated for earthworm feeding.

After the plant waste is fermented, earthworm species are added, and the culture temperature is 20°C for 40-60 days to separate the earthworms. After measurement, the pH of the remaining vermicompost is 7-8, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is high. , and contains about 10% humic acid, organic matter as high as 20%, and also contains magnesium, sulfur, iron and other trace elements. As an ecological organic fertilizer, it can effectively promote the growth of crops, reduce cropping diseases, and decompose chemical fertilizers and pesticides Residues in the soil, thereby alleviating the harm caused by the extensive use of chemical fertilizers to farmland soil and the environment, and can also reduce agricultural investment costs, reduce agricultural burdens, and increase farmers' income.

The beneficial effect obtained by the invention is that the plant waste can be effectively treated, and the active ingredients in it can be utilized as resources, which embodies the concept of sustainable development and circular economy, and the method is simple in process, easy to operate and low in investment No risk, that is, it can be used in small-scale household applications, and can also be used in green ecological agricultural areas or special ecological systems (such as the biological regeneration ecological life support system of the future moon and Mars space bases).

Specific implementation method:

Embodiment 1 of the present invention: the selected plant waste is rice stalk, wheat straw and leafy vegetables root, all pulverized into 0.5cm size, according to mass ratio is rice stalk: wheat straw: leafy vegetable root=5: 5: 1 Then add water and adjust the moisture content to 60%, fully stir evenly, form a loose mass, and spread it into the fermentation reactor. The fermentation process is: 55 °C constant temperature anaerobic fermentation for 5 days - 35 °C constant temperature aerobic Ferment for 5 days. After the fermentation is completed, put it into an earthworm bioreactor with a size of 25cm*40cm*15cm. The density of earthworm species in the reactor is 250/kg, and the cultivation temperature is 20℃ for 40-60 days. Earthworms can be extracted. The vermicompost left after the earthworms are separated can be used as an ecological organic fertilizer and applied to farmland soil or grassland.

Embodiment 2 of the present invention: the selected plant wastes are rice straw, wheat straw and leafy vegetable roots, all of which are pulverized into 0.5cm size, according to the mass ratio of rice straw: wheat straw: leafy vegetable root=5:5:1 Then add water and adjust the moisture content to 60%, fully stir evenly, form a loose mass, and spread it into the fermentation reactor. The fermentation process is: 5 days of constant temperature aerobic fermentation at 55°C——35°C constant temperature aerobic fermentation Ferment for 5 days. After the fermentation is completed, put it into an earthworm bioreactor with a size of 25cm*40cm*15cm. The density of earthworms in the reactor is 250/kg, and the culture temperature is 20°C for 40-60 days. Earthworms can be extracted. The vermicompost left after the earthworms are separated can be used as an ecological organic fertilizer and applied to farmland soil or grassland.

Embodiment 3 of the present invention: the selected plant wastes are the husks of leguminous plants such as rice straw, wheat straw, leafy vegetable roots and peanuts, all of which are crushed into 0.5cm size, according to the mass ratio of rice straw: wheat straw: The root of leafy vegetables: peanut shells = 5:5:1:2 mixed, then add water and adjust the moisture content to 60%, fully stir evenly, form a loose ball, spread it into the fermentation reactor, the fermentation process is: 55 ℃ constant temperature aerobic fermentation for 5 days——35 ℃ constant temperature aerobic fermentation for 5 days. After the fermentation is completed, put it into an earthworm bioreactor with a size of 25cm*40cm*15cm. The density of earthworms in the reactor is 250 pieces/kg. The earthworms can be extracted by culturing for 40-60 days under the condition that the culturing temperature is 20°C. The vermicompost left after the earthworms are separated can be used as an ecological organic fertilizer and applied to farmland soil or grassland.

Claims (4)

1. method with the plant refuse recycling, it is characterized in that: plant refuse is carried out fermentation process be prepared into the earthworm compost, be used to raise earthworm, after the earthworm maturation, isolate the humus such as earthworm excrement that are left behind the earthworm and then can be used as a kind of natural ecological organic fertilizer simultaneously.

2. according to claims 1 described a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling, it is characterized in that: plant refuse is that straw, rice bar, leaf vegetables root and the fabaceous shell of peanut class, its mass ratio are the rice bar: straw: leaf vegetables root=5: 5: 1 and rice bar: straw: leaf vegetables root: peanut shell=5: 5: 1: 2.

3. according to claims 1 described a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling, it is characterized in that: zymotechnique is 120h-35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentation of 55 ℃ of constant temperature anaerobic fermentations 120h; Perhaps 120h-35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentation of 55 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 120h.

4. according to claims 1 described a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling, it is characterized in that: after the described plant refuse fermentation, add the earthworm kind, density is 250/kg, culturing temperature is to culture under 20 ℃ of conditions to separate earthworm in 40-60 days, after measured, remaining wormcast pH value is 7-8, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content height, and contain humic acid about 10%, and organic up to more than 20%, also contain magnesium in addition, many sharp trace elements such as sulphur, iron can effectively promote the growth of crops as ecological organic fertilizer.