CN101496485B - Application of silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes in edible fungus cultivation - Google Patents

Application of silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes in edible fungus cultivation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101496485B
CN101496485B CN2009100259674A CN200910025967A CN101496485B CN 101496485 B CN101496485 B CN 101496485B CN 2009100259674 A CN2009100259674 A CN 2009100259674A CN 200910025967 A CN200910025967 A CN 200910025967A CN 101496485 B CN101496485 B CN 101496485B
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natural pond
silkworm
mulberry
silkworm excrement
edible mushroom
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CN101496485A (en
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宋敏
仲兆平
金保升
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention provides the application of a silkworm raising byproduct of a silkworm excrement fermentation waste to the edible fungus culture. The silkworm excrement is taken as the biogas fermentation raw material; and the marsh liquid and marsh refuse after the biogas fermentation can be further reutilized. The marsh liquid can be taken as the liquid fertilizer for the earthing edible fungus culture after being processed; and the marsh refuse can be taken as the fungus culture material after being processed. Therefore, the edible fungus culture cost can be reduced. While another silkworm raising byproduct of mulberry twigs can be prepared into fungus rods for the production of the edible fungus after clipping, crushing, sterilization and inoculation. The invention can improve the comprehensive utilization of the silkworm raising byproducts, reduce the environmental pollution, realize the cyclic production of the edible fungus, and reduce the production cost of the edible fungus.

Description

The application of silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes in edible mushroom is cultivated
One, technical field
The invention belongs to edible mushroom culture technique field, the particularly application of silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes in edible mushroom is cultivated.
Two, background technology
Silkworm and mulberry production is the basis of raw material cocoon, also is the approach of farmer richness, local important pillar of the economy.Bombyx mori cocoon by product aboundresources is as discarded mulberry branch and silkworm excrement etc.The consumption that the higher by product of these recycle values usually is used as poor efficiency such as common firewood, ash fertilizer, animal feed loses, and has caused the great wasting of resources.Simultaneously, silkworm excrement contains multiple pathogene, and silkworm excrement is stacked everywhere, causes the flacherie cause of disease to breed easily everywhere, polluted source and soil, harm human and livestock health.Therefore need as early as possible these by products to be carried out recycling, improve added value of product and industry comprehensive benefit.
China is Edible Fungi big country, and annual organic use has broken through 30,000,000 tons to various agricultural industry, and the gross annual output amount of edible mushroom has reached more than 1,500 ten thousand tons.Traditional Edible Fungi, cause the pressure of environment, benefit and resource increasing: on the one hand, culture medium of edible fungus abandons after all once using, and causes the great wasting of resources; On the other hand, a large amount of bacterium slags use the back to pile up, and are not handled fully and utilize, and have wasted ample resources contaminated environment again.Therefore, need to seek a kind of sustainable development path of Edible Fungi, realize the mushroom industry pattern of high-quality, efficient, circulation.
In recent years, the processing that edible mushroom and silkworm excrement are cultivated to mulberry branch by many bacterium farmings and unit is explored, also there is the researcher that the utilization again of bacterium slag and medium is studied, but yet there are no the recycle utilization that the silkworm and mulberry by product is used for the edible mushroom field, and from ecological, whole and efficiently utilize angle utilize system research again.
Three, summary of the invention
Technical problem:
The object of the present invention is to provide of the application of silkworm by product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes, solved the recycling problem of silkworm by product silkworm excrement on the one hand, realized the recycling of edible fungi residue and medium on the other hand in edible mushroom cultivation field.
Technical scheme: technical solution of the present invention is:
The application of silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes in edible mushroom is cultivated, method is: silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement is carried out the stack retting preliminary treatment, add seed sludge in the pretreated silkworm excrement, be added in the biogas generating pit, in biogas generating pit, add water, make the volume of zymotic fluid in the biogas generating pit account for 80%~85% of biogas generating pit volume, seal, high-temperature anaerobic fermentation produces biogas, produces natural pond liquid and natural pond slag simultaneously; Get natural pond liquid, add the clean clear water of long-pending 3~4 times of natural pond liquid, be made into natural pond liquid fertilizer material, when the edible mushroom of cultivating first is cultured to cap formation, topdress with described natural pond liquid fertilizer material; Get the natural pond slag, add the clean clear water of natural pond slag volume 60%, be made into natural pond slag fertilizer, be cultured in the waste bacterial slag that obtains after the bacterium bag takes off bag the edible mushroom of cultivating first, add above-mentioned natural pond slag fertilizer, pack sterilization is inoculated edible fungus species once more, is carried out the second incubation of edible mushroom.
As a kind of improvement of the present invention, for better the by product of sericulture industry being carried out recycling, the edible mushroom of cultivating first in the said method can be cultivated with the another kind of by product mulberry branch of silkworm and mulberry, cultural method is: mulberry branch is ground into the ramulus mori bits, consider to be worth doing with ramulus mori, soybean cake powder, wheat bran and land plaster are as feed proportioning, four quality per distribution ratio is: ramulus mori bits 86%~88%, soybean cake powder 1.9%~.2.1%, wheat bran 9%~11%, land plaster 0.9%~1.1%, the water that adds above-mentioned raw materials gross mass 55%~60%, mix, the pack sterilization, the inoculation edible fungus species is cultivated.
As possibility of the present invention, the method that culture is sterilized is 100 ℃ of normal-pressure sterilizations, 8~10 hours, perhaps autoclaving 0.138 MPa, 2 hours.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, silkworm excrement is carried out the pretreated better method of stack retting is: add superphosphate and urea in silkworm excrement, the addition of superphosphate and urea is respectively 0~2% and 0~0.5% of silkworm excrement quality, adding entry then makes it the even laggard windrow of abundant mix and macerates stack retting 7~8 days.
As another kind of preferred version of the present invention, get natural pond liquid be made into natural pond liquid fertilizer material and get time that the natural pond slag is made into natural pond slag fertilizer be preferably in described biogas generating pit produce biogas half a year above after.
As also a kind of preferred version of the present invention, the better method of topdressing with natural pond liquid fertilizer material is: natural pond liquid fertilizer material is watered gently in bacterium bed surface, keep bed soil smooth, drench clear water subsequently one time, treat to ooze under the liquid fertilizer material of natural pond, the moisture content on bacterium surface does the back and cover the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving.
Beneficial effect:
The invention provides the application of silkworm and mulberry accessory substance silkworm excrement in edible mushroom is cultivated.With the silkworm excrement is raw material, carries out harmless treatment, on the basis of preparation biogas energy, natural pond liquid after the fermentation and natural pond slag is used as fertilizer, has realized recycling; Once more, in discarded bacterium slag, add the natural pond slag and realize utilizing again, reduced the Edible Fungi cost, realized benign cycle.By above method, the silkworm excrement discarded object is after being used as the biogas fermentation raw material, the biogas energy that produces can be made countryside kitchen work or illumination fuel, and discarded object natural pond liquid and natural pond slag after the silkworm excrement fermentation have also obtained further recycling: natural pond liquid becomes the liquid fertilizer of soil covering culture edible mushroom; Become the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of edible mushroom second incubation after the natural pond slag adds in the discarded bacterium slag after handling, realized the utilization again of natural pond slag.Natural pond liquid is that nutritive elements such as the required nitrogen of plant growth, phosphorus, potassium all keep getting off basically, so natural pond liquid is good fertilizer because in the marsh gas fermentation processes as fertilizer.The fertilizer that natural pond liquid is used as the soil covering culture edible mushroom makes edible mushroom output obviously improve, and general amount of increase in production is more than 20%.The natural pond slag is rich in nutriment, and nutrient is comprehensive, and quality is loose, and acid-base value is moderate.Organic matter in the slag of natural pond, humus, crude protein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various mineral matter can satisfy the production requirement of edible mushroom, are the good composts or fertilisers of cultivating of artificial cultivation edible mushroom.Simultaneously, studies show that the bacterium slag of edible mushroom also contains rich nutrient substances, only need to add nutriment and reuse.Therefore, add the natural pond slag in the discarded edible fungi residue and realized utilizing again, reduced the Edible Fungi cost more than 20%, and realized the cycle development pattern.
As a kind of improvement of the present invention, for better the by product of sericulture industry being carried out recycling, the edible mushroom of cultivating first in the said method can be cultivated with the another kind of by product mulberry branch of silkworm and mulberry.Silkworm and mulberry accessory substance mulberry branch has utilized discarded mulberry branch efficiently after treatment as the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of edible mushroom, has improved the economic output value, has reduced environmental pollution, has realized economy, environment and social benefit.
As a kind of preferred version, the invention also discloses silkworm excrement is carried out the pretreated method of stack retting, by this method, can effectively remove a large amount of antipathogenic compositions (as pulverized limestone, bleaching powder etc.) and a large amount of Pesticidal and sterilizing agricultural chemicals (as formaldehyde, erythromycin etc.) that contain in the silkworm excrement.Undressed silkworm excrement fermentation will causing fermentation is poisoned.
As another kind of preferred version of the present invention, get natural pond liquid be made into natural pond liquid fertilizer material and get time that the natural pond slag is made into natural pond slag fertilizer be preferably in described biogas generating pit produce biogas half a year above after, pathogen and parasitic ovum in natural pond liquid and the natural pond slag are killed, and its nutrient component reaches optimum state.
As also a kind of preferred version of the present invention, the better method of topdressing with natural pond liquid fertilizer material is: natural pond liquid fertilizer material is watered gently in bacterium bed surface, keep bed soil smooth, drench clear water subsequently one time, treat to ooze under the liquid fertilizer material of natural pond, the moisture content on bacterium surface does the back and cover the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving.
The present invention can reduce production costs, improve agriculture added value, can protect environment again, widen the increasing peasant income channel, has realized the optimization and the maximization of production economy, society and ecological benefits, has realized efficient ecological circular agriculture pattern.Originally the mulberry branch that went out of use obtains circular biologicalization and edible mushroom is cultivated in the High-efficient Production utilization, reduces the wasting of resources and environmental pollution, increases farmers' income, and every mu of discarded branch in mulberry field increases income 800-1000 unit; Employing is that the residue natural pond liquid behind the raw material product biogas topdresses as edible mushroom with the silkworm excrement, and output obviously improves, and general amount of increase in production is more than 20%; Discarded edible fungi residue is realized utilizing with adding the natural pond slag again, has reduced the Edible Fungi cost more than 20%, has realized the cycle development pattern.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the application of silkworm and mulberry by product of the present invention in edible mushroom is cultivated.
Five, embodiment
Following examples are more of the present invention giving an example, and should not regarded as limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1: the application of silkworm and mulberry by product in fungus cultivation
The mulberry field mulberry branch that grows into forest is cut the time of cutting down, and on the occasion of plum rain season, mulberry branch should in time be gathered, and is stacked on aeration-drying place, and it is mouldy to prevent to drench with rain.Be ground into the ramulus mori bits more after summer, with ramulus mori bits, soybean cake powder, wheat bran and land plaster as feed proportioning, four quality per distribution ratio is: ramulus mori bits 87%, soybean cake powder 2.0%, wheat bran 10%, land plaster 1.0%, the water that adds above-mentioned raw materials gross mass 55%, mix, pack sterilization subsequently, normal-pressure sterilization kept 8~10 hours for 100 ℃.Treat that the pocket temperature begins inoculation when reducing to below 30 ℃, generally select the of the right age bacterial classification of suitable local natural conditions and ramulus mori bits cultivation for use, under gnotobasis, inoculate operation, under suitable temperature, wet, ventilation condition, promptly cover with the bacterium bag through 45 days left and right sides mycelia.
Silkworm excrement is at first carried out stack retting handle, the method for stack retting silkworm excrement is that the ratio in 100: 2: 0.5 adds superphosphate and urea in fresh silkworm excrement, and then adds the even laggard windrow of the abundant mix of low amounts of water and macerate, and about 7~8 days of stack retting can the pit entry fermentation aerogenesis.Be added in the biogas generating pit after silkworm excrement after stack retting handled adds inoculation mud, add water toward biogas generating pit in, the volume of zymotic fluid accounts for 85% of biogas generating pit volume, seals high-temperature anaerobic fermentation, product biogas.The biogas energy that produces is used as countryside kitchen work or illumination fuel after desulfurization is handled.
Get the natural pond liquid that ferments from using the normal biogas generating pit discharging opening of above aerogenesis half a year, convert 3~4 times of clean clear water, go out the ear phase in auricularia auriculajudae, spray natural pond liquid at the ear face, drench clear water subsequently one time, treat to ooze under the liquid fertilizer material of natural pond, the moisture content on bacterium surface does the back and covers the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving, can effectively suppress the generation of mosquito and disease in the canopy, improves the quality and yield of auricularia auriculajudae.
The natural pond slag fertilizer that produces adds edible fungus bag to and takes off in the waste bacterial slag that obtains behind the bag, pack sterilization subsequently, and the inoculation of sterilization back is cultivated.In composts or fertilisers of cultivating, add the bacterium slag and not only can effectively reduce production cost, can increase mycelial growth rate simultaneously, improve auricularia auriculajudae output.
Embodiment 2: the application of silkworm and mulberry by product in cultivating champignon
The mulberry field mulberry branch that grows into forest is cut the time of cutting down, and on the occasion of plum rain season, mulberry branch should in time be gathered, and is stacked on aeration-drying place, and it is mouldy to prevent to drench with rain.Be ground into the ramulus mori bits more after summer, with ramulus mori bits, soybean cake powder, wheat bran and land plaster as feed proportioning, four quality per distribution ratio is: ramulus mori bits 88%, soybean cake powder 2.1%, wheat bran 9%, land plaster 0.9%, the water that adds above-mentioned raw materials gross mass 60%, mix, pack sterilization subsequently, autoclaving 0.138 MPa kept 2 hours.Treat that the pocket temperature begins inoculation when reducing to below 30 ℃, generally select the of the right age bacterial classification of suitable local natural conditions and ramulus mori bits cultivation for use, under gnotobasis, inoculate operation, under suitable temperature, wet, ventilation condition, promptly cover with the bacterium bag through 45 days left and right sides mycelia.
Silkworm excrement is at first carried out stack retting handle, add the even laggard windrow of the abundant mix of low amounts of water in the pure silkworm excrement and macerate, about 7~8 days of stack retting can the pit entry fermentation aerogenesis.Be added in the biogas generating pit after silkworm excrement after stack retting handled adds inoculation mud, add water toward biogas generating pit in, the ratio that the volume of zymotic fluid accounts for biogas generating pit is no more than 80%, seals high-temperature anaerobic fermentation, product biogas.The biogas energy that produces is used as countryside kitchen work or illumination fuel after desulfurization is handled.
From using the normal biogas generating pit discharging opening of above aerogenesis half a year to get the natural pond liquid that ferments, convert 3~4 times of clean clear water, be made into the fertilizer that mushroom is produced.After basically forming, the mushroom cap begins to topdress with natural pond liquid, note when topdressing solution is directly watered gently in bacterium bed surface at every turn, bed Tu Chong can not be risen, drench clear water subsequently again one time, treat to ooze under the fertilizer, the mushroom surface water slightly does the back and covers the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving, can effectively suppress the generation of interior mosquito of canopy and disease, improve the quality and yield of mushroom.
The natural pond slag fertilizer that produces adds the mushroom edible fungus bag to and takes off in the waste bacterial slag that obtains behind the bag, pack sterilization subsequently, and the inoculation of sterilization back is cultivated.In composts or fertilisers of cultivating, add the bacterium slag and not only can effectively reduce production cost, can increase mycelial growth rate simultaneously, improve mushroom production.

Claims (6)

1. the application of silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes in edible mushroom is cultivated, it is characterized in that method is: silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement is carried out the stack retting preliminary treatment, add seed sludge in the pretreated silkworm excrement, be added in the biogas generating pit, in biogas generating pit, add water, make the volume of zymotic fluid in the biogas generating pit account for 80%~85% of biogas generating pit volume, seal, high-temperature anaerobic fermentation produces biogas, produces natural pond liquid and natural pond slag simultaneously; Get natural pond liquid, add the clean clear water of long-pending 3~4 times of natural pond liquid, be made into natural pond liquid fertilizer material, when the edible mushroom of cultivating first is cultured to cap formation, topdress with described natural pond liquid fertilizer material; Get the natural pond slag, add the clean clear water of natural pond slag volume 60%, be made into natural pond slag fertilizer, be cultured in the waste bacterial slag that obtains after the bacterium bag takes off bag the edible mushroom of cultivating first, add above-mentioned natural pond slag fertilizer, pack sterilization is inoculated edible fungus species once more, is carried out the second incubation of edible mushroom.
2. according to the application of the described silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes of claim 1 in edible mushroom is cultivated, it is characterized in that the described edible mushroom of cultivating first cultivates with silkworm and mulberry by product mulberry branch, cultural method is: mulberry branch is ground into the ramulus mori bits, consider to be worth doing with ramulus mori, soybean cake powder, wheat bran and land plaster are as feed proportioning, four quality per distribution ratio is: ramulus mori bits 86%~88%, soybean cake powder 1.9%~.2.1%, wheat bran 9%~11%, land plaster 0.9%~1.1%, the water that adds above-mentioned raw materials gross mass 55%~60%, mix, the pack sterilization, the inoculation edible fungus species is cultivated.
3. according to the application of the described silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes of claim 1 in edible mushroom is cultivated, it is characterized in that the method for sterilizing is 100 ℃ of normal-pressure sterilizations, 8~10 hours, perhaps autoclaving 0.138 MPa, 2 hours.
4. according to the application of the described silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes of claim 1 in edible mushroom is cultivated, it is characterized in that getting natural pond liquid and be made into natural pond liquid fertilizer material and get time that the natural pond slag is made into natural pond slag fertilizer and be described biogas generating pit and produce biogas more than half a year.
5. according to the application of the described silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes of claim 1 in edible mushroom is cultivated, it is characterized in that silkworm excrement is carried out the pretreated method of stack retting is: in silkworm excrement, add superphosphate and urea, the addition of superphosphate and urea is respectively 0~2% and 0~0.5% of silkworm excrement quality, adding entry then makes it the even laggard windrow of abundant mix and macerates stack retting 7~8 days.
6. according to the application of the described silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes of claim 1 in edible mushroom is cultivated, it is characterized in that with the method that natural pond liquid fertilizer material topdresses being, natural pond liquid fertilizer material is watered gently in bacterium bed surface, keep bed soil smooth, drench clear water subsequently one time, treat to ooze under the liquid fertilizer material of natural pond, the moisture content on bacterium surface does the back and cover the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving.
CN2009100259674A 2009-03-16 2009-03-16 Application of silkworm and mulberry by-product silkworm excrement fermentation wastes in edible fungus cultivation Expired - Fee Related CN101496485B (en)

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