CN102838393A - Method for rapid fermentation treatment of edible fungus dregs into biological organic fertilizer by thermophilic cellulose decomposition bacteria - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for rapid fermentation treatment of edible fungus dregs into biological organic fertilizer by thermophilic cellulose decomposition bacteria. The organic fertilizer produced by plant straw fermentation in the invention comprises the raw materials of: 60-65%wt of plant straw, 20-22%wt of edible fungus dregs, 14-16%wt of rapeseed or soybean meal, 5%wt of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 1%wt of cellulose decomposing bacteria. Specifically, the water content of the plant straw is 30-35%. Optionally, livestock poultry manure can be properly added to replace the equal amount of rapeseed or soybean meal according to local resources. The added amount can replace the rapeseed or soybean meal dosage, and the added total amount does not exceed 20-25% of the rapeseed or soybean meal dosage.

Description

Utilize thermophilic cellulose-decomposing bacterium quick fermentation to handle the method for edible fungi residues for bio-organic fertilizer

Technical field

The invention belongs to the organic fertilizer technical field, particularly a kind of organic fertilizer that utilizes fermentation of plant straws to produce.

Background technology

China is agriculture prodn big country, and crop acreage is big, and farm crop results back produces a large amount of crop materials, and annual ultimate production reaches more than 700,000,000 ton and with 1.3% speed increase.Contain great number of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element in the stalk; Be one of important organic fertilizer resource of agriculture prodn, the nutrient content of being preserved is equivalent to 1/4th of the present applying quantity of chemical fertilizer of China, but along with agriculture multiple crop index improves and rural laborer's transfer; The most cheap the abundantest renewable resources is not fully used on these earth; Except that the part stalk was made feed and paper making raw material, most straws or quilt burned or are dropped, and utilization ratio is extremely low; Except that the significant wastage that causes the resource and the energy; Also atmosphere pollution, water body bring serious destruction to ecotope, and comprehensive treating process utilizes stalk to become the focus of current research.Because xylogen in the straw, content of cellulose are higher, directly application effect is not good, generally need after fermentation, could use, but system process many (general 25 days even longer) consuming time is macerated in traditional fermentation, is not easy to the industriallization continuous production.

Summary of the invention

In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer that utilizes fermentation of plant straws to produce.

The organic fertilizer that utilizes fermentation of plant straws to produce according to the invention, its raw material is: straw 60-65%wt, edible fungi residues 20-22%wt, grouts 14-16%wt, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5%wt, cellulose-decomposing bacterium agent 1%wt.Wherein the water ratio of straw is 30-35%.Alternatively, suitably add the grouts that feces of livestock and poultry replaces equivalent according to local resources, the amount of adding can replace the consumption of grouts, but adds the 20-25% that total amount must not surpass the grouts consumption.

Described grouts are meant that the Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory passes through the sub product after pressing method extracts fat with Semen Brassicae campestris or soybean, are rich in vegetable-protein, in this technology, are used as the cultivation detonator.

Described edible fungi residues is the plantation straw mushroom, and depleted developing medium behind the edible mushroomss such as mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom is used as the fermentation amendment in this technology.

Described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate is a kind of late effect property mineral mineral manure, wherein contains slow phosphorus 12%, and trace element such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus 10% is made the PH regulator in this technology.

Described cellulose-decomposing bacterium agent; Be to choose 6 kinds of bacterial classifications with strong cellulose-decomposing ability; Be respectively: withered grass Bacillussubtilis (Bacillas subtilis), product yellowish fiber Zymomonas mobilis (Callulomonas.flaoigena), lichens Bacillussubtilis (Bacillus Lichenifpus), strong cellulomonas cartae (Cellulomonas cartae), aspergillus versicolor (Aspergillus versicolor), viride (Trichoderma viride); Above-mentioned each bacterial classification is carried out the liquid or solid fermentation culture alone or in combination; Collect gemma and thalline through adding sorbent material Plate Filtration method; Employing is spray dried to preparation, and the living bacteria count of above-mentioned 6 kinds of bacterial classifications is 1 * 10 in the composite fungus agent product ¹²-1 * 10 ¹³Individual/gram, each function bacterium is the main body existence form with the gemma in the microbial inoculum, and mould is the main body existence form with the spore, but a small amount of thalline is also arranged.

The present invention produces the method for said organic fertilizer, comprises following technology;

1, the agricultural crop straw of harvesting is handled through doing humidifying; Making its water cut is 30-35%; Mechanical disintegration gets A material, and the dried humidifying of stalk is handled and can be piled frame through harvesting machinery or the artificial bundling that in the harvesting process, gather on one side, dries naturally or dries to water ratio 30-35%; Perhaps adopting chemical herbicide--Paraquat 20 completes fast and becomes withered, with drying naturally or drying to water cut 30-35%.

2, edible fungi residues (rod) membrane removal of formula ratio is smashed to pieces, the calcium magnesium phosphorus of pulverizing, add formula ratio gets the B material.

3, the rapeseed cake dregs of formula ratio or the cellulose-decomposing bacterium mixing of dregs of beans and formula ratio are got the C material.

4, with the A material of formula ratio, the B material stirs through stirrer with the C material, adds suitable quantity of water, makes water cut 55-60%, drops into fermenter.

5, fermentation was carried out under aerobic fermentation condition compost fermentation 7-10 days, and leavening temperature is 50-65 ℃, adopted god of unusual strength's turnover throwing machine turning 3-4 time between yeast phase, was fermentation ends when heap temperature is stabilized in about 30 ℃.

6, fermentation materials is through granulation, and oven dry, screening are finished product, and the water cut of finished product fertilizer is controlled at 15-20%.

The present invention is a main raw material with the straw, suitably adds edible fungi residues, grouts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and cellulose-decomposing bacterium, carries out the hybrid composting aerobic fermentation.Adopt the high-temperature aerobic fermentation process of modern compost; Comprise operations such as raw materials pretreatment, high-temperature aerobic fermentation, slaking, powder essence, granulation, oven dry, screening; Select the fermentation mode different, adopt these organic fertilizer of explained hereafter such as compost high-temperature aerobic fermentation method with traditional technology.Owing to adopt god of unusual strength's oar blade type stack turner; Can be on the track on fermenter both sides walking freely, stir the displacement transhipment work of stirring, aeration and material, add that the cellulose-decomposing bacterium of interpolation can make the material quick fermentation heat up; Temperature can be elevated to 50-65 ℃ at 48 hours; And kept 5-7 days, can effectively kill the germ worm's ovum in the raw material, evaporate large quantity of moisture simultaneously.The present invention can suitably add vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and biocontrol microorganisms etc. according to product needed, makes biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion property multifunctional organic fertilizer material.Reach stalk efficient ecologicalization, recycling, realize the benign cycle effect of environmental protection, the energy, fertilizer comprehensive exploitation.

This product belongs to organic solid fertilizer, has the required nutrient of plant and enriches, and fertilizer efficiency is permanent; Improve the soil, characteristics such as culture fertility, the content of the organic matter of product, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reaches the required standard of national fertilizer; Can promote various crop growths, because the cellulose-decomposing bacterium of being added is after fermenting process finishes, metabolism produces a large amount of humic acid and bioactive enzyme; Can not only promote the formation of soil aggregate, stimulate the soil useful microbe movable, alleviate the destruction of agriculture chemical soil; Improve the ability of soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping, and, promote crop healthy growth and well developed root system through the absorption and the utilization of crop root to microbiological degradation thing and meta-bolites thereof; The prevention damping-off, the generation of soil-borne diseases such as verticillium.

This product application is in extensive range, various farm crop, and fruit tree, flowers can both adapt to.Being particularly suitable for the organic farm products production base uses.This product mainly is as the base manure or the use of topdressing, and also can make root and drench fertile the use.

Embodiment

In the straw 60%wt of following ratio preparing raw materials: water cut 30-35%, edible fungi residues 20%wt, grouts 14%wt, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5%wt, cellulose-decomposing bacterium agent 1%wt.Wherein straw is the mixed straw of cornstalk and cotton bar, and edible fungi residues is a depleted developing medium after the plantation needle mushroom, and grouts are dregs of rapeseed cake, is the sub product after the squeezing rapeseed oil, and the cellulose-decomposing bacterium agent is the microbial inoculum described in the summary of the invention.

According to following technical process raw material is handled:

1, be that the straw of 30-35% is pulverized with stalk crasher with water cut, the A material;

2,, smash the calcium magnesium phosphorus that adds formula ratio to pieces and get the B material with the edible fungi residues striping;

3, the formula ratio dregs of rapeseed cake is pulverized, the interpolation cellulose-decomposing bacterium also stirs, and gets the C material;

4, with the A material of formula ratio, the B material drops into the mixer mixing with the C material, adds an amount of water, and making total material moisture content is about 55%;

5, the material behind the premix is dropped into the fermenter fermentation, under aerobic condition, carried out compost fermentation 7-10 days, leavening temperature is 50-65 ℃, with god of unusual strength's turnover throwing machine turning 3-4 time, when heap temperature is stabilized in 30 ℃ of left and right sides, is fermentation ends.

6, fermentation materials is a finished product through granulation, oven dry, screening, and the fertilizer water cut is 15-20%.

By the organic fertilizer of above-mentioned examples produce, detect through fertilizer quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Wuhan), each item technical indicator meets the requirement of NY525-2002 organic fertilizer specified standards, and detected result is as shown in the table.

Fertilizer quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture (Wuhan) assay report

No:2011-W-004 is totally 2 pages of page 2

Visible by above table: product has the organic content height, accounts for 34%; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition element enrich, total nutrient content 8.3%, and nutrition is comprehensive, advantages such as Effictive nuisancelless.

Those skilled in the art can make replacement or modification to content of the present invention according to content disclosed by the invention and the art technology of being grasped; But these replacements or modification should not be regarded as breaking away from the present invention's design, and these replacements or modification are all in the interest field that the present invention requires to protect.

Claims (2)

1. organic fertilizer that utilizes fermentation of plant straws to produce is characterized in that the raw material for preparing it is: straw 60-65%wt, and edible fungi residues 20-22%wt, grouts 14-16%wt, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5%wt, cellulose-decomposing bacterium agent 1%wt,

Wherein, the water ratio of said straw is 30-35%,

Described grouts are meant that the Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory passes through the sub product after pressing method extracts fat with Semen Brassicae campestris or soybean,

Described edible fungi residues is the plantation straw mushroom, depleted developing medium behind the edible mushroomss such as mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom,

Described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate is a kind of late effect property mineral mineral manure, wherein contains slow phosphorus 12%, trace element such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus 10%,

Described cellulose-decomposing bacterium agent; Be to choose 6 kinds of bacterial classifications with strong cellulose-decomposing ability; Be respectively: withered grass Bacillussubtilis (Bacillas subtilis), product yellowish fiber Zymomonas mobilis (Callulomonas.flaoigena), lichens Bacillussubtilis (Bacillus Lichenifpus), strong cellulomonas cartae (Cellulomonas cartae), aspergillus versicolor (Aspergillus versicolor), viride (Trichoderma viride); Above-mentioned each bacterial classification is carried out the liquid or solid fermentation culture alone or in combination; Collect gemma and thalline through adding sorbent material Plate Filtration method; Employing is spray dried to preparation, and the living bacteria count of above-mentioned 6 kinds of bacterial classifications is 1 * 10 in the composite fungus agent product ¹²-1 * 10 ¹³Individual/gram, each function bacterium is the main body existence form with the gemma in the microbial inoculum, and mould is the main body existence form with the spore, but a small amount of thalline is also arranged.

2. a kind of organic fertilizer that utilizes fermentation of plant straws to produce described in the claim 1 is characterized in that using feces of livestock and poultry equivalent replacement grouts, but the alternate total amount must not surpass the 20-25% of grouts consumption.