CN110604031A - Method for producing garden plant soilless culture substrate by using river sediment compost - Google Patents
Method for producing garden plant soilless culture substrate by using river sediment compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN110604031A CN110604031A CN201911022946.7A CN201911022946A CN110604031A CN 110604031 A CN110604031 A CN 110604031A CN 201911022946 A CN201911022946 A CN 201911022946A CN 110604031 A CN110604031 A CN 110604031A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a soilless culture substrate for garden plants by using river sediment compost. Adding a conditioner into the bottom sludge to prepare a composting raw material, so that the content ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the composting material is 20-30: 1, and the water content is 60-70 wt%; aerobic composting is carried out on the composting raw materials by adopting a strip-stack type or forced ventilation type compost, and the temperature of a compost body is detected every 24 hours after the composting; and after crushing, uniformly mixing the matrix raw material and the auxiliary material according to the volume ratio to form the soilless culture matrix for the garden plants. The obtained substrate sludge compost product has light texture, the salinity content (EC value), the porosity and the nutrient content are closer to peat, and the phenomena of weak seedlings and seedling burning are not easy to occur.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection, and relates to technologies such as harmless treatment and resource utilization of urban and rural organic solid wastes by utilizing river sediment compost to produce a soilless culture medium for garden plants, in particular to a method for producing the soilless culture medium for the garden plants by utilizing the river sediment compost.
Background
In order to protect and save limited land resources and achieve the purpose of better cultivating and breeding ornamental plants, people gradually utilize soilless culture technology to cultivate ornamental plants. At present, the commonly used culture medium is peat soil which has good air permeability and is rich in organic matters. However, the excavation of natural peat poses serious threat to wetland and forest ecological environment, so that peat resources are increasingly scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to search for a substitute for peat soil.
In recent years, compost products of organic solid wastes have gradually become the first choice of soilless culture substrate materials for replacing peat soil due to the advantages of stable properties, high organic matter and nutrient content, small quantity of pathogenic bacteria, low price and the like. However, in the general composting process, livestock and poultry manure, sewage sludge and the like are mainly used as raw materials, and the composted products have high C, N, P content and are more suitable for being used as organic fertilizers; when the fertilizer is used for plant cultivation, the problems of weak seedlings, seedling burning and the like caused by excessive nutrient components, high salt content, low cellulose content, relatively poor air permeability and the like are gradually exposed. Therefore, only partial replacement of peat is currently possible.
The riverway bottom mud C, N has relatively low content (C content is 10-50% of the livestock manure or sewage sludge generally, and N content is 30-80% of the livestock manure or sewage sludge generally), and contains various trace elements beneficial to plant growth. More importantly, after other urban and rural organic wastes are added according to a certain proportion for aerobic composting, the EC value and the porosity in the decomposed bottom mud compost are closer to peat soil, thus being beneficial to seedling emergence and seedling strengthening, being capable of meeting the high requirement of a soilless culture medium and being more suitable for being a complete substitute of peat soil. The method also opens up a new way for recycling the bottom mud.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for producing soilless culture medium for garden plants by using bottom sediment compost, aiming at the problems in the prior art, thereby replacing peat and achieving better culture effect, solving the problem of processing and disposing of the bottom sediment, saving a large amount of peat resources and having important practical significance for the production of ecological type nutrient medium.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step (1), collecting and dehydrating river sediment;
cutting the conditioner to a length of less than or equal to 8 mm;
the conditioner is one or a mixture of garden solid waste, mushroom residue and Chinese medicine residue;
step (3) detecting the water content of the sediment and other urban and rural organic wastes by a weighing method, determining the organic carbon content by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and determining the total nitrogen content by a Kai's nitrogen determination method;
step (4), detecting the water content, the organic carbon content and the total nitrogen content of the conditioner by using the method in the step (3);
adding a conditioner into the bottom sludge to prepare a composting raw material, wherein the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the composting raw material is 20-30: 1, and the water content is 60-70 wt%;
step (6), aerobic composting is carried out on the compost raw materials by adopting a strip pile type or forced ventilation type compost, and the temperature of a pile body is detected every 24 hours after the composting; wherein the stack-type compost is turned over once every 24-48 hours in the temperature rise period and the high temperature period, and is turned over once every 7-14 days after entering the temperature reduction period; the average ventilation of the forced ventilation type compost is 3L/min (the temperature of the compost is less than 30 ℃) and 6L/min (the temperature of the compost is more than 30 ℃), and the compost is turned over on the 3 rd, 7 th, 14 th and 28 th days of the operation of the compost reactor;
the heating period is that the temperature of the stack body is increased to 50 ℃ from the ambient temperature, and the duration is 1-3 days; the high-temperature period is that the temperature of the stack is 50-70 ℃, and the duration is 5-10 days; the temperature reduction period is that the temperature of the stack body is reduced from 50 ℃ to the ambient temperature, and the time for stabilizing the stack body at the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 30 days;
forming a decomposed compost product after the compost is expired, and crushing the decomposed compost product into substrate raw materials with the length of less than or equal to 1 cm;
step (8), uniformly mixing the substrate raw material and the auxiliary material according to the volume ratio to form a soilless culture substrate for landscape plants;
the auxiliary material is one or a mixture of two of perlite and vermiculite, and is added according to the requirements of different plants.
The obtained substrate sludge compost product has light texture, the salinity content (EC value), the porosity and the nutrient content are closer to peat, the phenomena of weak seedlings and seedling burning are not easy to occur, and the substrate sludge compost product is more suitable for soilless culture and seedling culture than common compost products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the plant morphology of impatiens balsamina in seedling experiments; (a) fresh weight, and plant height.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further analyzed with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1: river sediment compost used as garden balsam culture medium
This example compares the composting process of river bed mud compost with other common compost, and then compares the effect of growing impatiens balsamina seedlings on different compost substrates, and compares them with 100% peat and 100% bed mud compost.
(1) Comparison of river sediment compost with other common composts
Separately collecting and dewatering the bottom mud, the pig manure and the sewage sludge of the river channel. One or more of mushroom residue, garden waste and Chinese medicine residue is used as compost conditioner, and is crushed to 5-8mm before mixing and composting for later use, and the initial properties of the compost raw materials are shown in table 1. The composting treatment specifically comprises the following steps: t1: the raw materials comprise 20kg of bottom mud, 8kg of garden waste and 10kg of mushroom residue; t2: the raw materials comprise 20kg of bottom mud, 8kg of mushroom residues and 8kg of herb residues; t3: 20kg of sludge, 2.5kg of mushroom residues and 5kg of dregs of a decoction, wherein the mass of the raw materials is the sludge, the mushroom residues and the dregs of a decoction respectively; t4: the feed comprises 20kg of pig manure, 5kg of garden waste and 5kg of herb residues. After mixing, the C/N ratio in each composting treatment is controlled to be about 25, and the water content is controlled to be about 65%.
In the composting process, the temperature of the compost is detected every 24 hours after the compost is piled, the compost is turned every 24-48 hours in the temperature rising period and the high temperature period, the compost is turned every 7-14 days after the temperature reduction period, and the collection of fresh samples is carried out while turning the compost. Each pile body is divided into an upper sampling point, a middle sampling point and a lower sampling point when sampling is carried out, and 800g of samples are sampled in total, wherein 400g of fresh samples are placed in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ and used for measuring physicochemical indexes, seed Germination Indexes (GI) and compost water content in the compost fresh samples. And (4) placing the remaining 400g in a tray for natural air drying, grinding by using a grinding mill, and sieving by using a 60-mesh sieve for measuring the pH, the conductivity, the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters. The composting process amounted to 47 days.
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical Properties of the compost raw materials
Note: standard deviation in parentheses
TABLE 2 physicochemical indices of the treatments after composting
Note: standard deviation in parentheses
After composting, the differences of the water content, the pH value and the C/N, GI in each compost treatment are not obvious and are all in the standard range. The EC value in the two bottom sediment composting treatments is obviously lower than that of sludge compost and pig manure compost, and the porosity is obviously higher than that of the sludge compost and the pig manure compost, which indicates that the properties of the sludge compost are closer to those of peat soil.
(2) Effect of cultivating impatiens balsamina with different compost products
And (2) selecting the decomposed T2 bottom mud compost in the step (1) to prepare the soilless culture substrate for impatiens balsamina. And (3) crushing the decomposed compost products into substrate raw materials with the length of less than or equal to 1cm, and uniformly mixing the substrate raw materials with auxiliary materials according to the volume ratio (Table 3). The ratio of fresh weight and plant height of impatiens balsamina in each matrix at the time of transplantation to that after 40 days of planting is shown in FIG. 1. On the 40 th day after the impatiens balsamina was planted, the plants were taken out of the flowerpot, the plant roots and leaves were washed with clear water, and after drying for 30 minutes, fresh weight weighing, plant height, root length and stem thickness measurement and leaf scanning were performed. As shown in figure 1, the fresh weight and the plant height of the impatiens balsamina are both increased compared with those before planting, but in the treatment 6 in which 100% bottom mud compost is used as a substrate, the substrate fertility is relatively high, so that the impatiens balsamina has the phenomenon of burning roots in the growth process, and stems and leaves are shrunk. In the matrix treatment 2 (60% bottom sediment compost + 30% peat + 10% perlite) and 3 (70% bottom sediment compost + 10% peat + 20% perlite), the fresh weight and plant height of the plants are obviously increased, the fresh weight of the plants is respectively increased from 2.08g to 6.32g, 2.86g to 8.27g, the plant height of the plants is respectively increased from 8.83cm to 17.00cm, and 8.00cm to 18.50 cm.
TABLE 3 root length, stem thickness, leaf area after growth of impatiens
Note: standard deviation in parentheses
The strong seedling index is one of indexes for judging the growth state and growth vigor of plants, and the growth quality of seedling-shaped plants is analyzed according to the rooting power, growth potentiality and the like of seedlings after field planting. The calculation method comprises the following steps: (stem thickness/plant height + dry root weight/dry aerial part weight) × dry whole plant weight. In the experiment, the seedling strengthening indexes of different mixed matrixes during balsamine cultivation are respectively as follows: 0.40, 0.47, 0.57, 0.29, 0.18, 0.17. The seedling strengthening indexes of the treatments 2 and 3 are relatively higher than those of the other treatments, and the seedling strengthening index of the treatment 3 is optimal, so that when the bottom mud compost, the peat soil and the perlite are mixed according to the volume ratio of 7:1:2, the ventilation pores of the matrix are increased, the oxygen supply to the roots of the impatiens balsamina is improved, the bottom mud compost and the peat soil provide nutrient substances for the growth of the impatiens balsamina seedlings, and the good growth matrix of the impatiens balsamina is ensured.
Example 2: river sediment compost used as culture medium for raising seedlings of bermuda grass and cultivation
Collecting and dehydrating the bottom mud of the river channel. Cutting garden waste and mushroom residue to length less than or equal to 8 mm. Detecting the water content of the bottom mud to be 30.4%, the water content of garden waste to be 59% and the water content of mushroom residue to be 35% by a weighing method; determining the organic carbon content of the river sediment to be 2.9% by using a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and the organic carbon content of the garden waste and the mushroom residue to be 35% and 30% respectively; the total nitrogen content of the river sediment is determined to be 0.38 percent by using a Kai's nitrogen determination method, and the total nitrogen content of the garden waste and the mushroom residue is respectively 1.24 percent and 1.55 percent. Garden waste and mushroom residues are added into the substrate sludge to prepare compost raw materials, the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the compost materials is 25:1, and the water content is 65 wt%. Aerobic composting of the composting materials is carried out by adopting a composting reactor (forced ventilation), the temperature of the compost is detected every 24 hours after the composting, the forced ventilation oxygen supply is carried out on the compost by an intermittent ventilation mode (ventilation is carried out for 10min every 50 min), the average ventilation quantity of the forced ventilation type compost is 3L/min (the temperature of the compost is less than 30 ℃) and 6L/min (the temperature of the compost is more than 30 ℃), and the compost is turned over on the 3 rd, 7 th, 14 th and 28 th days when the composting reactor operates.
After the compost is finished, a decomposed compost product is formed, and the decomposed compost product is crushed into substrate raw materials with the length of less than or equal to 1 cm. Mixing the bottom mud compost with perlite and vermiculite according to a volume ratio of 4: 1: 1, mixing, and preparing the soilless culture substrate for garden plants, wherein the bulk density (g/ml) of the soilless culture substrate is as follows: 0.35, pH: 6.6, EC (ds/m): 0.23, porosity (%): 80.5.
sprouting began to occur on day 3 after the sowing of bermuda grass, sprouting began in all the cavities on day 7, and sprouting in each matrix on day 12 is shown in table 4. The germination rate of the mixed matrix of the bottom mud compost, the vermiculite and the perlite is higher than that of the peat, the vermiculite and the perlite. When the volume ratio of the bottom sediment compost to the perlite and the vermiculite is 4: 1: 1, the oxygen supply of the root system is improved while the ventilation pores of the matrix are increased, and simultaneously nutrient substances from bottom sludge compost and peat soil are supplied, so that the germination rate of the bermuda grass seeds is ensured.
TABLE 4 Germination percentage and growth morphology parameters of Cynodon dactylon
Note: standard deviation in parentheses
On the 20 th day of bermuda grass seeding, the plants were taken out of the hole nursery tray, the plant roots and leaves were washed with clear water, and after drying for 30 minutes, fresh weight weighing, plant height measurement and leaf scanning were performed (table 4). The fresh weight of the plant in the peat + vermiculite + perlite (4: 1: 1) treatment is 0.08g, the plant height is 2.22cm, and the plant leaf surfaceThe product is 7.29mm2. The volume ratio of the bottom mud compost to the perlite and the vermiculite is 4: 1: 1, in the mixing treatment, the fresh weight of the plant is increased to 0.14g, the plant height is increased to 3.80cm, and the leaf area of the plant is increased to 9.04mm along with the change of the growth environment of the plant2Significantly greater than peat processing.
Claims (3)
1. A method for producing a soilless culture substrate of garden plants by using river sediment compost is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), collecting and dehydrating river sediment;
cutting the conditioner to a certain length;
the conditioner is one or a mixture of garden solid waste, mushroom residue and Chinese medicine residue;
step (3) detecting the water content of the sediment and other urban and rural organic wastes by a weighing method, determining the organic carbon content by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and determining the total nitrogen content by a Kai's nitrogen determination method;
step (4), detecting the water content, the organic carbon content and the total nitrogen content of the conditioner by using the method in the step (3);
adding a conditioner into the bottom sludge to prepare a composting raw material, wherein the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the composting raw material is 20-30: 1, and the water content is 60-70 wt%;
step (6), aerobic composting is carried out on the compost raw materials by adopting a strip pile type or forced ventilation type compost, and the temperature of a pile body is detected every 24 hours after the composting; wherein the stack-type compost is turned over once every 24-48 hours in the temperature rise period and the high temperature period, and is turned over once every 7-14 days after entering the temperature reduction period; the average ventilation of the forced ventilation type compost is 3L/min (the temperature of the compost is less than 30 ℃) and 6L/min (the temperature of the compost is more than 30 ℃), and the compost is turned over on the 3 rd, 7 th, 14 th and 28 th days of the operation of the compost reactor;
the heating period is that the temperature of the stack body is increased to 50 ℃ from the ambient temperature, and the duration is 1-3 days; the high-temperature period is that the temperature of the stack is 50-70 ℃, and the duration is 5-10 days; the temperature reduction period is that the temperature of the stack body is reduced from 50 ℃ to the ambient temperature, and the time for stabilizing the stack body at the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 30 days;
forming a thoroughly decomposed compost product after the compost is finished, and crushing the thoroughly decomposed compost product into substrate raw materials with a certain length;
step (8), uniformly mixing the substrate raw material and the auxiliary material according to the volume ratio to form a soilless culture substrate for landscape plants;
the auxiliary material is one or a mixture of two of perlite and vermiculite.
2. The method for producing soilless culture substrate for garden plants by using riverway sediment compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) cuts the conditioner to a length of 8mm or less.
3. The method for producing soilless culture substrate for garden plants according to claim 1, wherein the step (7) is to crush the composted products into substrate raw materials with a length of 1cm or less.
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| CN111946347A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-11-17 | 上海市园林设计研究总院有限公司 | Method for ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource |
| CN112745152A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-04 | 长沙理工大学 | Synchronous recycling method for algae sludge salvaged in water body and aerobic composting of desilting bottom sludge |
| CN112979366A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-18 | 湖南省交通科学研究院有限公司 | Method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment |
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| CN111946347A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-11-17 | 上海市园林设计研究总院有限公司 | Method for ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource |
| CN112745152A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-04 | 长沙理工大学 | Synchronous recycling method for algae sludge salvaged in water body and aerobic composting of desilting bottom sludge |
| CN112979366A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-18 | 湖南省交通科学研究院有限公司 | Method for producing greening matrix by quickly composting dredged sediment |
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Application publication date: 20191224 |