CN111946347A - Method for ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource - Google Patents

Method for ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111946347A
CN111946347A CN202010589323.4A CN202010589323A CN111946347A CN 111946347 A CN111946347 A CN 111946347A CN 202010589323 A CN202010589323 A CN 202010589323A CN 111946347 A CN111946347 A CN 111946347A
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river sediment
coal mining
mining subsidence
subsidence area
soil
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CN111946347B (en
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郑如霞
唐利
王灵恩
刘新静
姜娟
石普霖
马奇峰
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Shanghai Landscape Architecture Design & Research Institute Co ltd
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Shanghai Landscape Architecture Design & Research Institute Co ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/32—Reclamation of surface-mined areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1328—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues without additional clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/94—Products characterised by their shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for recovering ecology in a coal mining subsidence area by recycling river sediment, which specifically comprises the following steps: preparing granular products by using the river sediment and auxiliary materials; the granular products and the cohesive soil are sequentially and alternately backfilled to a coal mining subsidence area until the granular products and the cohesive soil are backfilled to a first position of the coal mining subsidence area; covering the surface layer with soil to make the soil naturally sink to the designed height. The method has the advantages of simple operation, easy realization and lower cost, not only solves the two problems of bottom mud reclamation and ecological restoration in the coal mining subsidence area, but also improves the utilization rate of the bottom mud of the river channel and saves a large amount of land.

Description

Method for ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for performing ecological restoration on a coal mining subsidence area by recycling river sediment.
Background
A common resource utilization method of the river sediment is land utilization. The main disadvantages are as follows: due to the complex components of the sediment, especially some toxic and harmful substances possibly contained in the sediment, such as refractory organic matters, heavy metals and the like, once the toxic and harmful substances are leached, the harmful substances can cause negative effects on adjacent soil and water bodies. Meanwhile, the bottom mud occupies a large amount of land in the land utilization process, and the stability of the bottom mud cannot be ensured, so that secondary pollution to the environment is easy to generate.
The mine such as coal mine causes the subsidence of the earth surface in the mining process, forms a subsided basin and occupies a large amount of cultivated land. The requirement of the subsidence area backfill on materials is large, and if traditional materials such as cement mortar and cement soil are continuously used for backfill, the consumption of cement is large, the cost is high, and the development of environmental protection and low-carbon economy is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for performing ecological restoration in a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resources, which is used for solving the problems in the background art.
A method for performing ecological restoration of a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing granular products by using the river sediment and auxiliary materials;
s2, sequentially and alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil to the coal mining subsidence area until the granular products and the cohesive soil are backfilled to the first position of the coal mining subsidence area;
and S3, covering the surface layer with soil to naturally settle the soil to a designed elevation.
Preferably, the specific steps of preparing the granular product by using the river sediment and the auxiliary materials in the step S1 are as follows:
s11, carrying out dehydration pretreatment on the river sediment to enable the water content of the river sediment to reach a set value;
s12, adding a curing agent into the dehydrated river sediment and uniformly stirring;
s13, mixing the solidified river sediment with auxiliary materials according to a set proportion, and composting the mixture for a set time;
and S14, after the composting treatment is finished, drying, granulating and roasting the mixture at high temperature to obtain granular products.
Preferably, when the river sediment is subjected to dehydration pretreatment, the water content of the river sediment is 70-80%.
Preferably, the curing agent is a mixture of fly ash, cement and lime, wherein the mass of the fly ash is 10-15% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment,
the mass of the cement is 5-10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment,
the mass of the lime is 5-10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment.
Preferably, the fly ash adopts an oxide SiO with the particle size of 0.001-0.3 mm2、Al2O3And Fe2O3Has a total content of more than 70% and a specific surface area of more than 2500cm2(ii) fly ash per gram;
the specific surface area of the cement is not less than 3000cm2Portland cement per gram;
the lime is quicklime with the total content of effective calcium oxide and magnesium oxide not less than 85%.
Preferably, the auxiliary materials in the step S13 are dried and crushed dry branches and fallen leaves with the grain diameter of 0.5cm-1cm and the water content of 10% -15%;
the specific steps of composting the mixture for a set time are as follows:
and (3) carrying out aerobic composting on the mixture by adopting a strip-stack composting mode, detecting the temperature of a compost body every 24 hours after composting, and turning the compost every 24-48 hours in a heating period and a high-temperature period.
Preferably, the step S14 of drying, granulating, and roasting the mixture at high temperature to obtain a granular product includes the following specific steps:
firstly, drying the mixture until the water content is less than 5%;
then, preparing the dried mixture into particles with the diameter of 3mm-15 mm;
and finally, preserving the heat of the particles with the diameter of 3-15 mm at 100-105 ℃ for 1-1.5 h, preheating at 400-500 ℃ for 30-60 min, and roasting at 900-1000 ℃ for 10-15 min to obtain the granular product.
Preferably, the step S2 of alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil to the coal mining subsidence area in sequence includes the specific steps of:
s21, backfilling the granular products to a coal mining collapse area and compacting, wherein the backfilling thickness is 30-50 cm;
s22, backfilling cohesive soil into the coal mining subsidence area and compacting, wherein the backfilling thickness is 20-30 cm;
and S23, repeating the steps S21 and S22 until backfilling to the first position of the coal mining collapse area.
Preferably, the elevation of the first location is 0.35m-0.6m from the design elevation.
Preferably, the river sediment is polluted dredging sediment containing any one or more heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd;
the soil is II-class soil which meets the regulation of soil environmental quality standard.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, easy to implement and low in cost, not only solves the two problems of bottom mud resource recovery and coal mining subsidence area ecological restoration, but also improves the utilization rate of the bottom mud of the river channel and saves a large amount of land.
2. The novel granular product raw material is backfilled to the coal mining subsidence area to replace the traditional materials such as cement mortar and cement soil, so that a large amount of ecological backfilling cost of the coal mining subsidence area is reduced, and the novel granular product raw material is more ecological and environment-friendly.
3. According to the invention, by carrying out dehydration pretreatment on the bottom sediment of the river channel, the precipitation of heavy metals, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the bottom sediment of the river channel is effectively controlled, the secondary release of bottom sediment pollutants is reduced, and the adverse effect on adjacent soil and water bodies after the bottom sediment is recycled is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention are provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention provides a method for performing ecological restoration in a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing granular products by using the river sediment and auxiliary materials.
The specific steps for preparing the granular product are as follows:
s11, carrying out dehydration pretreatment on the river sediment to enable the water content to reach 70-80%.
The river sediment is the polluted desilting sediment containing any one or more heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd.
And S12, adding a curing agent into the dehydrated river sediment, and uniformly stirring.
And adding the curing agent into the dehydrated river sediment, firstly, manually stirring for 5-10 min preliminarily, and then, mechanically stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed, wherein the mechanical stirring time is not less than 5 min.
The curing agent is a mixture of fly ash, cement and lime, wherein the mass of the fly ash is 10% -15% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment, the mass of the cement is 5% -10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment, and the mass of the lime is 5% -10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment.
The fly ash adopts an oxide SiO with the particle size of 0.001-0.3 mm2、Al2O3And Fe2O3Has a total content of more than 70% and a specific surface area of more than 2500cm2Per gram of fly ash.
The specific surface area of the cement is not less than 3000cm2Per g of Portland cement.
The lime is quicklime with the total content of effective calcium oxide and magnesium oxide not less than 85%, wherein the content of magnesium oxide is not more than 5%, and the maximum particle size is less than 0.2 mm.
S13, mixing the solidified river sediment and auxiliary materials according to a set proportion, wherein the C/N ratio in the mixture is 25: 1-35: 1, the C/P ratio is 75: 1-150: 1, and the water content is 50-60%. The auxiliary materials are dry and crushed dry branches and fallen leaves with the grain diameter of 0.5cm-1cm and the water content of 10% -15%.
Then, the mixture was composted for a set time:
specifically, aerobic composting is carried out on the mixture in a strip-stack composting mode, the temperature of the compost is detected every 24 hours after composting, and the compost is turned over every 24-48 hours in a temperature rising period and a high temperature period. The heating period is a time period that the temperature of the pile body is raised to 45 ℃ from the ambient temperature, and the duration is about 1 to 3 days. The high temperature period is a time period when the temperature of the stack is above 45 ℃, and the duration is 5-10 days.
And S14, after the composting treatment is finished, drying, granulating and roasting the mixture at high temperature to obtain granular products.
Specifically, firstly, drying the mixture until the water content is less than 5%;
then, the dried mixture is made into particles with the diameter of 3mm-15mm, and the unconfined compressive strength is more than 300 KPa;
and finally, preserving the heat of the particles with the diameter of 3-15 mm at 100-105 ℃ for 1-1.5 h, preheating at 400-500 ℃ for 30-60 min, and roasting at 900-1000 ℃ for 10-15 min to obtain the granular product.
And S2, sequentially and alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil to the coal mining subsidence area until the granular products and the cohesive soil are backfilled to the first position of the coal mining subsidence area.
The coal mining subsidence area is a subsidence area which reaches a stable state, has no accumulated water or good drainage condition, has small subsidence depth, is easy to excavate and has no buildings at the periphery.
The specific steps of sequentially and alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil to the coal mining subsidence area are as follows:
s21, backfilling the granular products to a coal mining subsidence area (the granular products with the grain diameter of 10-15 mm are filled in the lower layer, the granular products with the grain diameter of 3-5 mm are filled in the upper layer), wherein the backfilling thickness is 30-50 cm, the granular products are flattened by a bulldozer and compacted by a road roller, the compaction coefficient is 0.94, and the standard value of the bearing capacity is 300 KPa.
And S22, backfilling cohesive soil into the coal mining subsidence area, wherein the backfilling thickness is 20cm-30cm, leveling the soil by using a bulldozer, compacting the soil by using a road roller, and the compacting coefficient is 0.96 and the bearing capacity standard value is 180 KPa.
The organic matter content in the cohesive soil is not more than 5%, and frozen soil or expansive soil is not contained.
And S23, repeating the steps S21 and S22 until backfilling to a first position of the coal mining subsidence area, wherein the elevation of the first position is 0.35-0.6 m away from the design elevation.
And S3, covering the surface layer with soil to naturally settle the soil to a designed elevation.
The soil is II-class soil which meets the regulation of soil environmental quality standard.
The following specifically describes embodiments of the present invention by way of examples.
In the first embodiment, the method for performing ecological restoration in a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment recycling specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the river sediment, and dehydrating the river sediment to enable the water content to reach 80%.
Then, adding fly ash (the particle size is 0.3mm) with the mass being 10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment, cement (the strength is 42.5) with the mass being 5% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment and lime (the particle size is 0.2mm) with the mass being 5% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment into the dehydrated river sediment, manually stirring for 5min, then mechanically stirring for 5min, and curing the dehydrated river sediment.
Then, dry branches and fallen leaves (auxiliary materials) with the water content of 15 percent and the grain diameter of 1.0cm are added into the solidified bottom mud of the river channel, so that the mixture of the dry branches and the fallen leaves has the C/N ratio of 25:1, the C/P ratio of 75:1 and the water content of 60 percent. And (3) carrying out aerobic composting on the mixture by adopting a strip-stack type composting, wherein the composting time is 10 days. And detecting the temperature of the pile body every 24 hours after the pile is placed, and turning the pile every 24-48 hours in the temperature rising period and the high temperature period.
And finally, drying the mixture until the water content is less than 5%, then granulating into particles with the diameter of about 3-15 mm, preserving the heat of the particles with the diameter of 3-15 mm at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 1h, preheating at the temperature of 500 ℃ for 30min, and roasting at the temperature of 1000 ℃ for 10min to prepare granular products.
And S2, backfilling the granular products to the coal mining collapse area, wherein the backfilling thickness is 50cm (the granular products are backfilled to the lower layer with large grain sizes, and the granular products are backfilled to the upper layer with small grain sizes), the compaction coefficient is 0.94, and the bearing capacity is 300 KPa.
Then, the cohesive soil is backfilled, the backfilling thickness is 30cm, and the compaction coefficient is 0.96.
And repeating the steps, repeatedly and alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil, backfilling in layers and compacting until the granular products and the cohesive soil are backfilled to the position 0.5m away from the designed elevation.
And S3, after backfilling, covering the surface layer with II-type soil meeting the soil environment quality standard, and naturally settling to the designed elevation.
In the second embodiment, the method for performing ecological restoration in a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment recycling specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the river sediment, and dehydrating the river sediment to enable the water content to reach 70%.
Then, adding fly ash (the particle size is 0.1mm) with the mass being 15% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment, cement (the strength is 42.5) with the mass being 10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment and lime (the particle size is 0.1mm) with the mass being 10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment into the dehydrated river sediment, manually stirring for 5min, then mechanically stirring for 5min, and curing the dehydrated river sediment.
Then, dry branches and fallen leaves (auxiliary materials) with the water content of 10 percent and the grain diameter of 0.5cm are added into the solidified bottom mud of the river channel, so that the mixture of the dry branches and the fallen leaves has the C/N ratio of 35:1, the C/P ratio of 150:1 and the water content of 50 percent. And (3) carrying out aerobic composting on the mixture by adopting a strip-stack type composting, wherein the composting time is 15 days. And detecting the temperature of the pile body every 24 hours after the pile is placed, and turning the pile every 24-48 hours in the temperature rising period and the high temperature period.
And finally, drying the mixture until the water content is less than 5%, then granulating into particles with the diameter of about 3-15 mm, preserving the heat of the particles with the diameter of 3-15 mm at 105 ℃ for 1.5h, preheating at 400 ℃ for 60min, and roasting at 900 ℃ for 15min to prepare granular products.
And S2, backfilling the granular products to the coal mining collapse area, wherein the backfilling thickness is 30cm (the granular products are backfilled to the lower layer with large grain sizes, and the granular products are backfilled to the upper layer with small grain sizes), the compaction coefficient is 0.94, and the bearing capacity is 300 KPa.
Then, the cohesive soil is backfilled, the backfilling thickness is 20cm, and the compaction coefficient is 0.96.
And repeating the steps, repeatedly and alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil, backfilling in layers and compacting until the granular products and the cohesive soil are backfilled to the position 0.5m away from the designed elevation.
And S3, after backfilling, covering the surface layer with II-type soil meeting the soil environment quality standard, and naturally settling to the designed elevation.
In the third embodiment, the method for performing ecological restoration in a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment recycling specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, taking the river sediment, and dehydrating the river sediment to enable the water content to reach 74%.
Then, fly ash (the particle size is 0.001mm) with the mass being 13% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment, cement (the strength is 42.5) with the mass being 7% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment, and lime (the particle size is 0.1mm) with the mass being 7% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment are added into the dehydrated river sediment, and the dehydrated river sediment is manually stirred for 5min and then mechanically stirred for 5min to be solidified.
Then, dry branches and fallen leaves (auxiliary materials) with the water content of 12 percent and the grain diameter of 0.7cm are added into the solidified bottom mud of the river channel, so that the mixture of the dry branches and the fallen leaves has the C/N ratio of 30:1, the C/P ratio of 100:1 and the water content of 55 percent. And (3) carrying out aerobic composting on the mixture by adopting a strip-stack type composting, wherein the composting time is 12 days. And detecting the temperature of the pile body every 24 hours after the pile is placed, and turning the pile every 24-48 hours in the temperature rising period and the high temperature period.
And finally, drying the mixture until the water content is less than 5%, then granulating into granules with the diameter of about 8-12 mm, preserving the heat of the granules with the diameter of 8-12 mm at 105 ℃ for 1.5h, preheating at 400 ℃ for 60min, and roasting at 1000 ℃ for 10min to prepare granular products.
And S2, backfilling the granular products to the coal mining collapse area, wherein the backfilling thickness is 40cm (the granular products are backfilled to the lower layer with large grain sizes, and the granular products are backfilled to the upper layer with small grain sizes), the compaction coefficient is 0.94, and the bearing capacity is 300 KPa.
Then, the cohesive soil is backfilled, the backfilling thickness is 20cm, and the compaction coefficient is 0.96.
And repeating the steps, repeatedly and alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil, backfilling in layers and compacting until the granular products and the cohesive soil are backfilled to the position 0.5m away from the designed elevation.
And S3, after backfilling, covering the surface layer with II-type soil meeting the soil environment quality standard, and naturally settling to the designed elevation.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for performing ecological restoration of a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment recycling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing granular products by using the river sediment and auxiliary materials;
s2, sequentially and alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil to the coal mining subsidence area until the granular products and the cohesive soil are backfilled to the first position of the coal mining subsidence area;
and S3, covering the surface layer with soil to naturally settle the soil to a designed elevation.
2. The method for performing ecological restoration on a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps of preparing granular products by using the river sediment and auxiliary materials in the step S1 are as follows:
s11, carrying out dehydration pretreatment on the river sediment to enable the water content of the river sediment to reach a set value;
s12, adding a curing agent into the dehydrated river sediment and uniformly stirring;
s13, mixing the solidified river sediment with auxiliary materials according to a set proportion, and composting the mixture for a set time;
and S14, after the composting treatment is finished, drying, granulating and roasting the mixture at high temperature to obtain granular products.
3. The method for performing ecological restoration on a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resources as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water content of the river sediment is enabled to reach 70% -80% when dehydration pretreatment is performed on the river sediment.
4. The method for the ecological restoration of the coal mining subsidence area by utilizing the river sediment resource as claimed in claim 2, wherein the curing agent is a mixture of fly ash, cement and lime, wherein the mass of the fly ash is 10-15% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment,
the mass of the cement is 5-10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment,
the mass of the lime is 5-10% of the mass of the dehydrated river sediment.
5. The method for performing ecological restoration on coal mining subsidence areas by using river sediment resource as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fly ash is an oxide SiO with the particle size of 0.001-0.3 mm2、Al2O3And Fe2O3Has a total content of more than 70% and a specific surface area of more than 2500cm2(ii) fly ash per gram;
the specific surface area of the cement is not less than 3000cm2Portland cement per gram;
the lime is quicklime with the total content of effective calcium oxide and magnesium oxide not less than 85%.
6. The method for performing ecological restoration on a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resources as claimed in claim 2, wherein the auxiliary materials in the step S13 are dry branches and fallen leaves which are dried and crushed and have the particle size of 0.5cm-1cm and the water content of 10% -15%;
the specific steps of composting the mixture for a set time are as follows:
and (3) carrying out aerobic composting on the mixture by adopting a strip-stack composting mode, detecting the temperature of a compost body every 24 hours after composting, and turning the compost every 24-48 hours in a heating period and a high-temperature period.
7. The method for performing ecological restoration on a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific steps of drying, granulating and roasting the mixture at high temperature to obtain a granular product in the step S14 are as follows:
firstly, drying the mixture until the water content is less than 5%;
then, preparing the dried mixture into particles with the diameter of 3mm-15 mm;
and finally, preserving the heat of the particles with the diameter of 3-15 mm at 100-105 ℃ for 1-1.5 h, preheating at 400-500 ℃ for 30-60 min, and roasting at 900-1000 ℃ for 10-15 min to obtain the granular product.
8. The method for performing ecological restoration on a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps of sequentially and alternately backfilling the granular products and the cohesive soil to the coal mining subsidence area in the step S2 are as follows:
s21, backfilling the granular products to a coal mining collapse area and compacting, wherein the backfilling thickness is 30-50 cm;
s22, backfilling cohesive soil into the coal mining subsidence area and compacting, wherein the backfilling thickness is 20-30 cm;
and S23, repeating the steps S21 and S22 until backfilling to the first position of the coal mining collapse area.
9. The method for ecological restoration of a coal mining subsidence area by using river sediment resource as claimed in claim 8, wherein the elevation of the first position is 0.35-0.6 m from the design elevation.
10. The method for performing ecological restoration on a coal mining subsidence area by utilizing river sediment resources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the river sediment is polluted desilting sediment containing any one or more heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd;
the soil is II-class soil which meets the regulation of soil environmental quality standard.
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