CN106941906B - Sweet potato seedling culture medium - Google Patents
Sweet potato seedling culture medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN106941906B CN106941906B CN201710164782.6A CN201710164782A CN106941906B CN 106941906 B CN106941906 B CN 106941906B CN 201710164782 A CN201710164782 A CN 201710164782A CN 106941906 B CN106941906 B CN 106941906B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate which is prepared by the following steps: (1) fermenting materials: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: uniformly mixing 30 parts of sweet potato straw powder, 30 parts of blue algae, 10 parts of cow dung, 0.5 part of urea and 0.06 part of fertilizer starter, stacking and decomposing, wherein the water content is 40-50% in the stacking and decomposing period, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and turning and throwing are carried out once every 15 days to obtain humus after the humus state is reached; (2) mixing the matrix: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of humus, 20 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of pine sawdust, 10 parts of coarse sand, 0.8 part of sodium stearoyl lactylate and 0.005 part of bactericide are uniformly mixed to obtain the sweet potato seedling culture substrate. The substrate can obviously improve the commodity performance, disease resistance and yield of the sweet potatoes and improve the quality of the sweet potatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a sweet potato seedling cultivation medium.
Technical Field
China is the biggest sweet potato producing country in the world, the planting area in 2010 is about 460 hectares, the planting area accounts for about 50% of the planting area in the world, the annual yield is about 1.0 multiplied by 108 tons, and the annual yield accounts for 75.3% of the total world yield, and the sweet potato is important grain, feed and industrial processing raw materials in China. The sweet potato has drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance, barren resistance, high yield, wide application and strong adaptability, and is an important energy crop. China has few land and many people, and under the pressure of grain safety, the development of the sweet potato industry can only utilize non-cultivated land resources with soil obstacles mostly under the principle of 'not competing for land with grain'.
In the traditional method for carrying out vegetative propagation by using the sweet potato tubers in production, the seed potatoes are degraded due to factors such as virus infection, plant senescence and the like, and the utilization value is lost. Therefore, the method for producing the qualified detoxified sweet potato seedlings by utilizing the detoxification technology is a foundation for ensuring the stable and efficient production of the sweet potatoes. In recent years, the planting area of high-quality edible varieties is further expanded, and an intensive planting mode begins to appear. The matrix cultivation is adopted to fix the detoxified test-tube plantlet or the cutting plantlet in the matrix in the net room, the limitation of seasons can be avoided, and the light, the temperature, the water and the fertilizer can be manually regulated and controlled, so the application is the most extensive. And the matrix cultivation mode has higher stability and better recycling property, so the development degree is higher. At present, the sweet potato mainly adopts vermiculite as a culture medium, and the vermiculite is an ore resource, so that the resource is limited, the production process is complex, and the sweet potato is repeatedly used and needs to be calcined and disinfected at high temperature, so that the sweet potato is expensive. When vermiculite is used as a culture medium for the virus-free sweet potato stock seed, the culture medium is easy to compact and lose air permeability and water retention along with the prolonging of the use time due to fragility, so that late blight is serious; the vermiculite only has water retention performance and does not have a nutrition function, nutrient solution needs to be supplemented in production to meet the growth requirement of original seeds of the detoxified sweet potatoes, the production cost is increased, and the yield and the quality of the sweet potatoes are greatly influenced.
The method has rich sweet potato resources and wide consumption market, a batch of new edible sweet potato varieties rich in nutrients are cultivated, meanwhile, rich nutritional ingredients and functional ingredients in the sweet potatoes are fully utilized, the sweet potato fresh food and deep processing industry is developed according to local conditions, and great health benefits, economic benefits and social benefits are brought to China. The sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate provided by the invention is suitable for seedling growth, low in cost and simple in steps, gets rid of various limitations of soil cultivation, expands the cultivation field of sweet potatoes, better and faster develops to the factory and automation of sweet potatoes, and has wide market prospect and application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the sweet potato seedling culture substrate which can obviously improve the commodity performance, disease resistance and yield of sweet potatoes and improve the quality of the sweet potatoes.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a sweet potato seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following steps:
(1) fermenting materials: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: uniformly mixing 30 parts of sweet potato straw powder, 30 parts of blue algae, 10 parts of cow dung, 0.5 part of potassium hydroxide, 0.2 part of urea and 0.06 part of a fertilizer starter in proportion, stacking and decomposing, wherein the water content is 40-50% in the stacking and decomposing period, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and turning and throwing are carried out once every 15 days to obtain humus after the humus state is reached;
(2) mixing the matrix: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of humus, 20 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of pine sawdust, 10 parts of coarse sand, 0.8 part of sodium stearoyl lactylate and 0.005 part of bactericide are uniformly mixed to obtain the sweet potato seedling culture substrate.
Preferably, the bactericide is benomyl, prochloraz and chlorothalonil in a weight ratio of 5: 4: 2.
Preferably, the fertilizer starter is a mixture of bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis and bacillus algicidal, the bacillus polymyxa, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus algicidal are produced by separate fermentation, and the three kinds of bacteria liquid are mixed according to the volume ratio of 6: 3: 2 after fermentation.
Preferably, the sweet potato straw powder is a particulate matter obtained by crushing sweet potato straws, the particle size is 1-3mm, and the water content is 10-15%.
Preferably, the grain size of the cow dung is 6-9 mm, and the water content is 9-12%.
Preferably, the pine sawdust is aired for 15 days before use, the particle size of the pine sawdust is 2-6mm, and the water content of the pine sawdust is 4-10%.
Preferably, the sweet potato seedling culture substrate is paved in a substrate groove, and the paving thickness is preferably 40 cm.
Preferably, the substrate tank is disinfected by potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of about 0.1% before use.
Preferably, before the sweet potato seedlings are transplanted, the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate in the substrate groove is thoroughly watered with water 1 day before the transplantation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
sweet potato green and fresh straw has poor palatability, and livestock do not like to eat the sweet potato green and fresh straw. The prepared hay has large nutrient loss; and the rough surface of the straw is easy to absorb soil and breed germs, so that the feeding value is low. For a long time, sweet potato straws are abandoned or burned on the spot in most areas of China, and are regarded as agricultural wastes, so that not only is great biomass energy waste generated, but also the environment is polluted. The sweet potato seedling culture medium can fully utilize straw resources, effectively reduce the culture cost, play a positive role in promoting the planting of sweet potatoes, and effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by discarding or burning the sweet potato straws as agricultural wastes.
The eutrophication pollution of lake water is a common problem in China. At present, an effective means for dealing with blue algae outbreak is still organization and manpower salvage. In the blue algae outbreak period every year, tens of thousands of tons of blue algae are fished out from each lake with serious eutrophication every day. How to treat the fished blue algae is one of the problems to be considered when treating eutrophic pollution of water bodies. The blue algae is a primary photosynthetic organism and can utilize solar energy to fix nitrogen. The blue algae has rich organic matter content and rich N, P, and the fermented product can utilize mineral nutrients and change waste into useful material, reduce chemical fertilizer utilization and reduce environmental stress.
The fermentation speed is too low in the single straw fermentation process, and the fermented straw serving as a culture substrate has defects in physical properties during use, such as unreasonable volume weight, large pore ratio and the like; the animal waste fermentation substrate is completely used, so that the loss of available nitrogen nutrients is more in the fermentation process, and when the fermented substrate is used as a culture substrate, the phenomena that the early-stage substrate salt content is too high to influence the growth of crop seedlings, the nutrient release speed is too high along with the prolonging of the culture time and the like exist. However, most of the current straw fermentation researches are focused on the research of using single fermented crop straws or single fermented manure as a culture medium, and the research of the straw and manure mixed fermentation medium is less.
The straw and blue algae are subjected to matrixing by utilizing the principle of local conditions and local materials, and the agricultural wastes are recycled to the agricultural production process, so that the problem of agricultural waste pollution is solved, the matrix production cost is greatly reduced, the current situation of economic development of China is met and suitable, the increasingly increased matrix demand in agricultural production is met, and the development way of circular agriculture is promoted and widened;
the sweet potato harvested by the sweet potato seedling culture medium has the advantages of good growth condition, high growth speed, high yield, high commodity rate and high seedling survival rate, and the yield and the quality of the sweet potato are ensured;
the sweet potato seedling culture medium has the advantages that the raw materials needed by the sweet potato seedling culture medium are sufficient in supply, the production process is simple and convenient, the culture cost is greatly reduced, the production can be continued, and the problem of resource exhaustion is avoided; the fertilizer has rich nutrient content and long fertilizer efficiency, can ensure the healthy growth of plants without subsequent supplement of any nutrition, and obtains higher yield; the sweet potato production is not limited by conditions such as soil, climate and the like, the cultivation field of the sweet potatoes is expanded, the industrial and automatic development of the sweet potatoes is better and faster, and the sweet potato cultivation method has wide market prospect and application value; the facility and the device are simple, the cost is low, and the operation is easy;
the pH value of the substrate is weak acidic, which is beneficial to the growth and the tuber formation of the sweet potatoes, the weak acidic substrate can control the occurrence of various diseases of the sweet potatoes, inhibit the propagation of germs and ensure the robust and developed root system, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of plants and having an important effect on the improvement of the yield;
the proper amount of urea added in the step (1) of the sweet potato seedling culture substrate is beneficial to adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that the fermentation process is promoted; the proper amount of potassium hydroxide is added to assist the hydrolysis of the straw and can play a role in adjusting the pH and supplementing potassium;
the substrate is prepared by mixing a plurality of substances, the advantages of the substances are mutually promoted and the disadvantages are avoided, the coarse sand has the characteristics of decomposition resistance, stable and uniform properties and weak buffering performance, and the humus, the plant ash and the pine sawdust contain a large amount of nutrients and have good buffering performance, so that the rhizosphere environment is relatively stable, the cost is low, the obtaining is convenient, the mixed substances are loose in texture, and the dryness and the wetness are moderate; the pine sawdust can also effectively lock water and inhibit the breeding of bacteria. The sodium stearoyl lactate can effectively adjust the viscosity of the matrix, so that the matrix has certain pressure on the root of the sweet potato to facilitate the sweet potato bearing; therefore, the mixed matrix can provide stable and coordinated water, fertilizer, gas heat and rhizosphere environmental conditions for the growth of sweet potato plants, and can support and fix the plants; the substrate has good ventilation and moderate density, can supplement nutrients required in the growth process of the sweet potatoes and can effectively press the roots of the sweet potatoes to generate more tuber roots; the fertilizer contains rich nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, has rich organic matter content, can provide nutrition and play a role in preserving soil moisture, can fully utilize straw resources, and can effectively provide a high-quality environment for the growth of seedlings, so that the production efficiency is improved;
the substrate of the invention adopts a plurality of substances for mixed fermentation, the fertilizer efficiency has a slow release effect, the utilization rate is high, the maintenance time is longer, the excessive growth of seedlings can be prevented, the root system of the seedlings is developed, the stem and leaf are luxuriant, the adaptability is strong, and a good foundation is laid for the production of sweet potatoes; the fertilizer starter is rich in various beneficial microorganisms, so that organic matters are fully fermented, a large amount of metabolites can be generated in the fermentation process, bacterial and fungal soil-borne diseases of sweet potatoes are effectively prevented and treated, the yield of the sweet potato starter is obviously increased for plants, and the sweet potato starter has the characteristics of short composting time, good maturity and the like;
Detailed Description
Example 1
Selecting 9 substrate grooves to cultivate sweet potatoes, dividing the grooves into 3 groups, repeating each group for 3 times, wherein the first group adopts conventional substrate cultivation (vermiculite), the second group adopts the substrate cultivation method provided by the prior art, and the third group adopts the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate provided by the invention. The acre yield and commodity rate of the sweet potatoes in the three groups are calculated, and the results are shown in table 1. The substrate method provided by the prior art refers to patent CN201410267338.3 (a soilless culture substrate, a preparation method and an application thereof), that is, the volume ratio of coconut chaff, perlite, organic soil and fermented soybean meal is as follows: 580- > 620- > 140- > 160- > 100.
TABLE 1
The analysis of the data shows that the seedling culture substrate provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield and the commercial potatoes and can generate obvious economic benefits.
Example 2
Selecting 9 substrate grooves to cultivate sweet potatoes, dividing the grooves into 3 groups, repeating each group for 3 times, wherein the first group adopts conventional substrate cultivation (vermiculite), the second group adopts the substrate cultivation method provided by the prior art, and the third group adopts the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate provided by the invention. The tuber quality indexes of the three groups of sweet potatoes, including the starch content, the Vc content, the crude protein content and the total phenol content, are measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The substrate method provided by the prior art refers to patent CN201410267338.3 (a soilless culture substrate, a preparation method and an application thereof), that is, the volume ratio of coconut chaff, perlite, organic soil and fermented soybean meal is as follows: 580- > 620- > 140- > 160- > 100.
TABLE 2
The data analysis shows that the quality of the sweet potato tubers can be greatly improved by adopting the seedling culture substrate provided by the invention.
Example 3
Selecting 9 substrate grooves to cultivate sweet potatoes, dividing the grooves into 3 groups, repeating each group for 3 times, wherein the first group adopts conventional substrate cultivation (vermiculite), the second group adopts the substrate cultivation method provided by the prior art, and the third group adopts the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate provided by the invention. The disease rates of the three sweet potatoes were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3. The substrate method provided by the prior art refers to patent CN201410267338.3 (a soilless culture substrate, a preparation method and an application thereof), that is, the volume ratio of coconut chaff, perlite, organic soil and fermented soybean meal is as follows: 580- > 620- > 140- > 160- > 100.
TABLE 3
The data analysis shows that the seedling culture substrate can obviously reduce the disease rate of sweet potatoes.
Example 4
27 substrate grooves are selected to cultivate the sweet potatoes and are divided into 9 groups, each group is repeated for 3 times, the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate is adopted for the 9 groups of sweet potatoes, the difference is that the using amount of each component in the step (1) is adopted, the acre yield of the 9 groups of sweet potatoes is calculated, and the result is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
From the above data analysis, it can be seen that only when the following components are used in step (1): the highest yield per mu can be achieved only when the sweet potato straw powder is 30 parts, the blue algae is 30 parts, the cow dung is 10 parts, the potassium hydroxide is 0.5 part, the urea is 0.2 part and the fertilizer starter is 0.06 part, and the best economic benefit is achieved.
Example 5
27 substrate grooves are selected to cultivate the sweet potatoes and are divided into 9 groups, each group is repeated for 3 times, the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate is adopted for the 9 groups of sweet potatoes, the difference is that the using amount of each component in the step (2) is adopted, the acre yield of the 9 groups of sweet potatoes is calculated, and the result is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
From the above data analysis, it can be seen that only when the following components are used in step (2): 40 parts of humus, 20 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of pine sawdust, 10 parts of coarse sand, 0.8 part of sodium stearoyl lactate and 0.005 part of bactericide, the highest yield per mu can be achieved, and the best economic benefit is achieved.
Example 6
Selecting 18 substrate grooves to cultivate sweet potatoes, dividing the grooves into 6 groups, repeating the steps for 3 times for each group, and adopting the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate for the 6 groups of sweet potatoes, wherein the difference is that the bactericide component in the step (2) calculates the acre yield of the sweet potatoes of the 6 groups, and the result is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6
The data analysis shows that the sweet potato yield per mu is highest when the weight ratio of benomyl, prochloraz and chlorothalonil in the bactericide is 5: 4: 2.
Example 7
Selecting 18 substrate grooves to cultivate sweet potatoes, dividing the grooves into 6 groups, repeating the steps for 3 times for each group, and adopting the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate for the 6 groups of sweet potatoes, wherein the difference is in the fertilizer leavening agent component in the step (1), and calculating the acre yield of the sweet potatoes of the 6 groups, and the result is shown in table 7.
TABLE 7
According to the data analysis, the sweet potato yield per mu is highest when the volume ratio of bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis and bacillus algicidal in the fertilizer starter is 6: 3: 2.
Claims (6)
1. A sweet potato seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following steps:
(1) fermenting materials: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: uniformly mixing 30 parts of sweet potato straw powder, 30 parts of blue algae, 10 parts of cow dung, 0.5 part of potassium hydroxide, 0.2 part of urea and 0.06 part of a fertilizer starter in proportion, stacking and decomposing, wherein the water content is 40-50% in the stacking and decomposing period, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and turning and throwing are carried out once every 15 days to obtain humus after the humus state is reached;
the fertilizer starter is a mixture of bacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis and bacillus algicidal, the bacillus polymyxa, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus algicidal are fermented and produced separately, and after fermentation, the three kinds of bacterial liquid are mixed according to the volume ratio of 6: 3: 2;
(2) mixing the matrix: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: uniformly mixing 40 parts of humus, 20 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of pine sawdust, 10 parts of coarse sand, 0.8 part of sodium stearoyl lactate and 0.005 part of bactericide to obtain a sweet potato seedling culture substrate;
before the sweet potato seedlings are transplanted, the sweet potato seedling cultivation substrate in the substrate groove is thoroughly watered with water 1 day before the transplantation, and the substrate groove is disinfected by potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.1 percent before the use.
2. The sweet potato seedling culture substrate of claim 1, wherein the bactericide is benomyl, prochloraz and chlorothalonil in a weight ratio of 5: 4: 2.
3. The sweet potato seedling culture medium of claim 1, wherein the sweet potato straw powder is a particulate matter obtained by pulverizing sweet potato straw, and has a particle size of 1-3mm and a water content of 10-15%.
4. The sweet potato seedling culture medium of claim 1, wherein the cow dung has a particle size of 6-9 mm and a water content of 9-12%.
5. The sweet potato seedling culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the pine sawdust is aired for 15 days before use, the particle size is 2-6mm, and the water content is 4-10%.
6. The use method of the sweet potato seedling culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein the sweet potato seedling culture substrate is tiled in a substrate groove, and the tiling thickness is preferably 40 cm.
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| CN109704847A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-03 | 丹阳市景林园园艺有限公司 | A kind of compost of good permeability |
| CN109220066A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-01-18 | 卢梅雅 | Azotica is improving the application in sweet potato potato seed emergence quality |
| CN108147899A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-12 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Vine-vegetable sweetpotato seedling medium and preparation method thereof is prepared with sweet potato vine |
| CN108605756A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-02 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of cultivation method improving sweet potato production comprehensive benefit |
| CN111053016A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-04-24 | 刘丰恺 | Method for producing seedling raising matrix by using straws and straw ash |
| CN112753531A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-07 | 安徽丰絮农业科技股份有限公司 | Sweet potato seedling culture medium |
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| CN105359953A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-02 | 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing soil-free organic seedling culture medium for green peppers |
| CN106171887A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 河南金地宝生态肥业有限公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN106212225A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-14 | 内蒙古嘉恒农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of potato seed soilless culture method |
| CN106316615A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | Substrate special for soilless culture of sugar beans |
| CN106278481A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-04 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of soilless culture Capsicum annuum L. dedicated substrate |
| CN106305391A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | Special medium applied to soil-free cultivation of green beans |
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