CN104909878B - A kind of drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104909878B CN104909878B CN201510261616.9A CN201510261616A CN104909878B CN 104909878 B CN104909878 B CN 104909878B CN 201510261616 A CN201510261616 A CN 201510261616A CN 104909878 B CN104909878 B CN 104909878B
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Abstract
More specifically it is a kind of drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof the invention belongs to agriculture field, particularly field of plant cultivation.It is an object of the invention to the blank studied for current drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, the additive that the mixture and water-absorbing resin and biological carbon that a kind of matrix for being suitable for drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation of offer is formed by the discarded bedding and padding of fermentation bed, vermiculite, perlite, peat are mixed to form is mixed, and the mixed weight ratio of the water-absorbing resin and biological carbon is 1:12.5, the water-absorbing resin accounts for the 0.4% ~ 1.0% of cultivation matrix gross weight.So as to improve the yield of drought-hit area leaf vegetables, while agricultural water utilization rate can be improved, development high-efficiency water-saving agricultural.
Description
Technical field
More specifically it is a kind of drought-hit area leaf vegetables vegetable the invention belongs to agriculture field, particularly field of plant cultivation
Dish cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
China is one of country of water resource critical shortage in the world, and agricultural water is more precious.In order to improve agriculture
Industry water use efficiency, development efficient agriculture with saving water turns into the important measures of agricultural sustainable development, the popularization of novel water-saving technology
Using being particularly important.
Super absorbent resin（Super absorbent polymer, SAP）It is that one kind has super-strong moisture absorbing and water holding capacity
Novel high polymer material, water retention property is extremely strong, is widely used in the fields such as agriculture and forestry, biological medicine and amenities.This
Starch base high hydroscopic resin therein is mainly used in invention.
Substrate culture will be one of Main way of industrialized agriculture, and all kinds of SAP answering in soilless culture substrate at present
With still immature.For the relatively poor short slab of the water conservation retentiveness of matrix generally existing, SAP regulates and controls to lead in matrix water retention property
Domain has more wide application prospect.
The inventor of this patent is directed to this type cultivation base Quality Research always, once delivered and discloses a kind of " drought
Area's solanaceous vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof "（CN201410503923.9）And a kind of " leaf vegetables cultivation base
Matter and preparation method thereof "（CN201410410898.X）.This current two parts of patent documents are in helping in open stage, this patent
Draw the full content of this two pieces patent document, it is every not give the equal of special instruction with unanimously, being obtained defined in this two parts of disclosures
The means of obtaining are identical.
Requirement difference due to the growth characteristics of solanaceous vegetables and leaf vegetables and its to matrix is very big, therefore the two
Cannot Direct Transfer use.
Particularly, solanaceous vegetables refer to in plant of Solanaceae with vegetables that berry is edible.Solanaceous vegetables include kind
Eggplant, eggplant and capsicum.The requirement for the cultivation medium that solanaceous vegetables is planted to it is higher, and one to be that requirement contains abundant organic
Matter, two be to possess good aeration, and three be to possess good irrigation condition.Solanaceous vegetables is to potassium, calcium, three kinds of nutrition of magnesium
The demand of element is more, after the picking time of particularly fruit starts, and easily produces the shortage symptom of these three nutrients.
As everybody most common tomato and capsicum calcium deficiency caused by blossom-end rot, tomato blade magnesium deficiency yellow cause photosynthesis to subtract
It is weak.Solanaceous vegetables is higher for base fertilizer (including two kinds of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer) and the requirement of foliar fertilizer.Due to solanberry
Class yield is higher, it is necessary to be used sufficient on base fertilizer the organic fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed and high-quality, all nutrition type, potassium content it is higher
Compound (conjunction) fertilizer, this be ensure high yield and high quality basis, " three chase after not as a bottom " that proverb is said, that is base fertilizer it is important
Property.After picking time starts, due to root system gradually aging and the reduction of new root generating capacity, the absorbability of root system weakens, from soil
Middle absorption nutrients loss, wants to ensure high yield, it is necessary to the foster high-efficiency foliage fertilizer of multiple foliage-spray joint venture, to supplement Fruit
Required nutrition, while can also effectively prevent nutritional deficiency disease.Picking time length, yield height, the continuous ability of bearing fruit of solanaceous vegetables are strong.
With harvesting in batches, nutrient is constantly pulled away.It is therefore desirable to which side is harvested, supply nutrient in side could meet seat of constantly blooming
The need for fruit, otherwise, plant can early ageing, picking time shortening, yield and quality decline.It is required that warm weather conditions, no
Cold resistant and frost.
Leaf vegetables is to be used as the vegetables of Leaf-feeding insects using the tender blade of vegetable fertilizer and petiole.Leaf vegetables includes two
Class, the first kind is, with the edible vegetables of tender leaf and stem, such as pakchoi, celery, spinach, three-coloured amaranth, lettuce, to claim vegetables with green leaves class：
Equations of The Second Kind is with the edible vegetables of leaf-head, such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage（Chinese cabbage）, cauliflower etc., referred to as balling leaf vegetables
Class.Although leaf vegetables kind is more, on nutritional need, there is its general character：（1）In the uptake of three elements, mainly
Based on nitrogen potassium, both ratios are about 1: 1, compared with fruit vegetables, and the demand of nitrogen substantially increases, if lacking nitrogen potassium, are difficult to
Form product fresh and tender, of fine quality；In addition, Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage, spinach etc. are all the vegetables for needing calcium, phosphorus more.（2）Leaf vegetables vegetable
Dish root system buries shallower, belongs to shallow root crop, root system drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant ability be all low, soil drought can seriously hinder it to calcium, boron
Absorption, thus be more easy to occur calcium deficiency, boron deficiency symptom, in fertilising it must also be noted that dose and position, suitable shallow-layer, few layer are multiple
Fertilising.（3）Nutrient element is constantly accumulated in whole breeding time in leaf vegetables body, but the peak of Nutrient Absorption speed is being given birth to
Early stage, balling leaf vegetables Nutrient Absorption peak is then at balling initial stage, and therefore, early stage nutrition supply is to leaf vegetables yield, product
Matter is extremely important.
Therefore, we are considered at the beginning of research based on the leaf vegetables cultivation matrix of non-drought-hit area, for example a kind of " leaf
Bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite and vegetable garden are discarded by fermentation bed disclosed in us in dish class Vegetable culture medium and preparation method thereof "
Local soil type into be applied to leaf vegetables matrix, be equipped with us according to " a kind of drought-hit area solanaceous vegetables cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof "
Disclosed in " water-absorbing resin " that is exclusively used in drought-hit area, form a kind of new cultivation matrix.
But, in using this cultivation matrix as the cultivation matrix experimentation of drought-hit area leaf vegetables, it has been found that
Because the matrix of the difference of its basic components, thus two kinds of basic components formation is that water-absorbing resin is combined rear effect difference
Very big, the emergence rate of the cultivation matrix leaf vegetables of combinations thereof formation is greatly lowered, even if while the life for the crop that emerges
It is long slow, do not meet the standard of cultivation matrix.
The content of the invention
It is adapted to it is an object of the invention to the blank studied for current drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix there is provided one kind
Matrix cultivated in drought-hit area leaf vegetables and preparation method thereof.
Drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix disclosed in us, is to discard bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite, mud by fermentation bed
The additive that the mixture that charcoal is formed is mixed to form with water-absorbing resin and biological carbon is mixed, the water-absorbing resin and biology
The mixed weight ratio of carbon is 1:12.5, the water-absorbing resin accounts for the 0.4% ~ 1.0% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
Most preferably water-absorbing resin accounts for the 0.8% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
Fermentation bed therein discards processing method of the bedding and padding with reference to disclosed in CN201410503923.9.Here mixing
Mode is that basestocks are mixed with additive, and basestocks are to discard bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite, peat by fermentation bed to mix, and are added
Charging is mixed by water-absorbing resin and biological carbon.
Biological carbon is preferred to use wheat stalk anaerobism calcination at 600 DEG C and is made.
Further, the addition of our the preferably water-absorbing resins is 2.5kg/m3, the addition of biological carbon is 32kg/
m³。
Meanwhile, we still further preferably the fermentation bed discard bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite, the mixed volume ratio of peat
Example is 4:2:2:2.
Also, we further disclose a kind of preparation side of drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix in the present invention
Method, comprises the following steps：
（1）By water-absorbing resin and biological carbon according to weight ratio 1:12.5 are well mixed, and obtain mixing additive；
（2）Fermentation bed is discarded into bedding and padding with vermiculite, perlite, peat according to mixed volume ratio loading agitating device, and will
Step（1）The mixing additive of middle acquisition is added into agitating device, and leaf vegetables cultivation matrix is obtained after being well mixed.
Wherein it is preferred to, the step（2）Middle mixing additive is added according to the speed of 50kg ~ 100kg per hour and premixed
In compound.
Agitating device can use pony mixer.Small-sized electric charger can be used by mixing the addition of additive, from
And accurately control charging.Production 1m3 cultivation matrix substantially needs stirring 10 minutes.
Certainly, mixed proportion in reference product, the step described in preparation method（2）Middle fermentation bed discard bedding and padding, vermiculite,
Perlite, peat are according to volume ratio 4:2:2:2 ratio mixing.The water-absorbing resin account for cultivation matrix gross weight 0.4% ~
1.0%, most preferably water-absorbing resin account for the 0.8% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
Leaf vegetables cultivation matrix in drought-hit area disclosed in this invention is cultivated suitable for drought-hit area leaf vegetables, can be improved
The yield of drought-hit area leaf vegetables, while agricultural water utilization rate can be improved, development high-efficiency water-saving agricultural.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is N absorption curve figure.
Fig. 2 is P absorption curve figure.
Fig. 3 is K absorption curve figure.
Fig. 4 is super absorbent resin and cultivation matrix maximum water-holding capacity curve map.
Fig. 5 is super absorbent resin and the curve map of the water demand of crop.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the present invention is furture elucidated.
Embodiment 1
The fermentation bed that pigsty is cleaned out discards bedding and padding, adjustment carbon-nitrogen ratio and water content, and carbon-nitrogen ratio control exists（16~25）：
1, water content control is 50% ~ 60%；
Water content control method：It is 30-40% that pigsty, which clears out fermentation bed and discards the general water content of bedding and padding, by adding water, is made
Water content reaches 50% to 60%；
Carbon-nitrogen ratio control method：If pigsty is cleared out, the discarded bedding and padding carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermentation bed is higher to be adjusted by adding pig manure
（Pig manure carbon-nitrogen ratio is 12:1 or so）If, it is relatively low to be adjusted by adding stalk（Stalk carbon-nitrogen ratio is 50:1 or so）.
Fermentation bed after processing is discarded into bedding and padding and banks up fermentation, every three days turning and throwing once, fermentation is banked up to rotten degree 80%
±2%；In general to ferment 1 ~ 2 month；Paying special attention to will at least more than seven days in whole fermentation process, it is ensured that temperature
More than 50 DEG C.
According to volume ratio 4:2:2:Fermentation bed is discarded bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite, peat by 2 to be mixed, basis of formation matrix.
Embodiment 2
Prepare the base matrix of the quality such as 32 parts, the preparation reference implementation example 1 of base matrix.
Add the biological carbon and super absorbent resin of formula ratio thereto respectively.
Every physicochemical property of different formulations is investigated, 1 is the results are shown in Table.
Table 1：
SB0-SB16 is 0.8% super absorbent resin of addition and 0-16%（0、0.2%、4.0%、6.0%、8.0%、10%、
12%、14%、16%）The matrix of charcoal；NSB0-NSB16 is only to add 0-16%（0、0.2%、4.0%、6.0%、8.0%、10%、
12%、14%、16%）Charcoal and without super absorbent resin add matrix.Have between same column difference lowercase letter different disposal
Significant difference (P< 0.05).
Embodiment 3
The drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix to form 32 kinds of different ratios is prepared according to the method in embodiment 2, with sky
Exemplified by the cultivation of heart dish, investigate respectively under the conditions of different cultivation matrixes, the growing state of water spinach, investigation the results are shown in Table 2, examine simultaneously
Examine under different cultivation matrix condition of culture, as a result water spinach sees in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, every width figure and all distinguish to N, P, K absorbing state
Denote in addition and without in the case of having two kinds of a super absorbent resin, plant above ground, N, P, K of the part of underground two absorb
Situation..
Table 2：
It can be illustrated by above example, can be realized using the biological carbon and super absorbent resin of formula ratio good
Drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation effect, not only can be with retain water and nutrients, while porosity is high, aeration is good, after cultivation, and plant goes out
Seedling rate is high, and moisture and nutriment good absorbing, growth conditions are good.
Embodiment 4
Prepare the base matrix of the quality such as 7 parts in the way of embodiment 1, then add mass ratio 0.8% thereto respectively
Biological carbon and different proportion super absorbent resin composition additive, and using water spinach for experiment, examination different proportion height
Water-absorbing resins influence and water requirement demand on the growing state of water spinach, as a result table 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 5.
Table 3：
In 0.05 level there is significant difference between a line difference lowercase letter difference SAP additions processing in table 3.
From Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, with the increase of SAP additions, matrix maximum water-holding capacity is in significant positive correlation, can
With+10.7x+the 9.03x of y=59.62, wherein x is SAP adding proportions, and y is maximum water-holding capacity；Every plant of water spinach needs water
Amount is then with SAP additions in the -14.7x -21.9x of significant negative correlativing relation y=574.52, wherein x is that SAP adds ratio
Example, y is every plant of water demand of crop.
Embodiment 5
With the processing mode formation cultivation matrix one of SB8 in embodiment 2.
Then the same processing mode using SB8, only replaces peat therein with vegetable garden soil, forms cultivation matrix
Two.
It is experiment vegetables with water spinach, investigates two kinds of different cultivation matrixes, it has been found that cultivation matrix two is compared to cultivation
Train for matrix one, the growth to plant produces negative interaction.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix, it is characterised in that：The cultivation matrix is to discard bedding and padding, leech by fermentation bed
Mixture and water-absorbing resin that stone, perlite, peat are formed and the additive that biological carbon is mixed to form are mixed, described to inhale
Water-resin and the mixed weight of biological carbon ratio are 1:12.5, the water-absorbing resin accounts for the 0.4% ~ 1.0% of cultivation matrix gross weight；Institute
The water-absorbing resin stated refers to starch base high hydroscopic resin, described biological carbon be by wheat stalk at 600 DEG C anaerobism calcination system
It is standby to form.
2. the drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The water-absorbing resin adds
Dosage is 2.5kg/m3, the addition of biological carbon is 32kg/m3.
3. the drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The discarded pad of the fermentation bed
Material, vermiculite, perlite, the mixed volume ratio of peat are 4:2:2:2.
4. the drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The water-absorbing resin accounts for cultivation
Train the 0.8% of matrix gross weight.
5. a kind of preparation method of the drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, including following step
Suddenly：
（1）By water-absorbing resin and biological carbon according to weight ratio 1:12.5 are well mixed, and obtain mixing additive；
（2）Fermentation bed is discarded into bedding and padding and vermiculite, perlite, peat according to mixed volume than loading agitating device, and by step
（1）The mixing additive of middle acquisition is added into agitating device, and leaf vegetables cultivation matrix is obtained after being well mixed.
6. the preparation method of the drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：The step
（2）Middle mixing additive is added in premix according to the speed of 50kg ~ 100kg per hour.
7. the preparation method of the drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：The step
（2）Middle fermentation bed discards bedding and padding, vermiculite, perlite, peat according to volume ratio 4:2:2:2 ratio mixing.
8. the preparation method of the drought-hit area leaf vegetables cultivation matrix according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：The step
（2）Middle water-absorbing resin accounts for the 0.8% of cultivation matrix gross weight.
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| CN105638301A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-06-08 | 安徽飞天农用生物科技有限公司 | Seedling culturing matrix with straw fermentation matter as main raw material and preparation method of seedling culturing matrix |
| CN105766585A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-20 | 孙德灿 | Chlorophytum comosum cultivation method |
| CN105766586A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-20 | 孙德灿 | Cultivation method of scindapsus aureus |
| CN106542933A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-29 | 济南七彩牧歌生态农业有限公司 | The method that a kind of discarded bedding and padding of fermentation bed prepare fertilizer |
| CN108610199A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of Vegetable culture medium and preparation method |
| CN106962166A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-07-21 | 东至县珊瑚生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of matching method of widely used culture medium for plant seedlings |
| CN107382408B (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seedling culture medium suitable for mechanized transplanting |
| CN107278858A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation matrix added with composite conditioner |
| CN108541556A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-18 | 合肥慧明瀚生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of soilless culture Chinese mallow dedicated substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| JP2000333530A (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2000-12-05 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Filling soil material for planting of void in molded concrete product |
| CN104108996B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-08-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of Vegetable culture medium based on Herba Eichhorniae slag and preparation method thereof |
| CN104261958B (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2017-05-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Leaf vegetable cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104261989A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-07 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Solanaceous vegetable cultivation media in drought region and preparation method of solanaceous vegetable cultivation media |
| CN104365461B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-04-13 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of tea grounds earthworm excrement matrix being applicable to leaf vegetables nursery and preparation method thereof |
| CN104496657A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-04-08 | 叶胜佳 | Special container seedling-raising substrate for leaf vegetables |
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