CN107382408B

CN107382408B - Seedling culture medium suitable for mechanized transplanting

Info

Publication number: CN107382408B
Application number: CN201710484093.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘新红; 罗佳; 陈伟; 严少华
Original assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2017-06-23
Filing date: 2017-06-23
Publication date: 2020-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-23
Also published as: CN107382408A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, particularly the field of plant cultivation, and more particularly relates to a seedling culture medium suitable for mechanized transplanting. In order to increase the structural stability of root soil clusters and improve the resistance to mechanical external force, and further meet the requirement of large-scale mechanical transplanting, a seedling culture substrate suitable for mechanical transplanting is disclosed, which comprises a basic substrate, and is characterized in that the seedling culture substrate also comprises rice soil. The seedling substrate disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the caking property and stability of the substrate by improving the components of the substrate, the formed seedling substrate can meet the requirement of large-scale mechanized transplanting, the scattering of root soil clusters caused by a manipulator in the mechanized transplanting process is effectively avoided, the seedling reviving time is reduced, the seedling is harvested in advance, and the mechanized transplanting effect is improved.

Description

Seedling culture medium suitable for mechanized transplanting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, particularly the field of plant cultivation, and more particularly relates to a seedling culture medium suitable for mechanized transplanting.

Background

The substrate is an important material in the process of plant seedling raising and growing. The key points of reducing labor intensity, improving production benefit and ensuring operation quality in the mechanical production of seedling transplantation.

In the application of the existing mechanized transplanting machine, the seedlings need to be moved out of a seedling raising hole tray by using mechanical force, and the condition that the roots and soil masses of the seedlings are damaged and scattered often occurs in the process is found; particularly, the influence on small vegetable seedlings is large, and a large amount of matrixes in root soil clusters are observed to be scattered, so that root systems are exposed.

The root system is the support body for plant growth and also an important organ for absorbing nutrients and water. The root soil cluster is the whole space for storing the root system in the seedling raising process. The scattering and damage of root soil clusters affect the field property of plants, and seedlings are unstable in field and askew after being transplanted by common machines; and the damage of root systems, especially capillary roots with strong nutrient absorption capacity, is inevitably caused, and the rapid seedling recovery is not facilitated.

Therefore, the prior art ensures that the damage to the root soil mass can be reduced as much as possible in the grabbing process in the mechanical design. However, this method can alleviate the damage to the root system to some extent, but is a temporary solution and a permanent solution.

The property of the matrix is fundamentally changed, so that the matrix is suitable for mechanized transplanting to solve the problem of damaging root soil mass in the transplanting more fundamentally.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to increase the structural stability of root soil clusters and improve the resistance to mechanical external force, and further meet the requirement of large-scale mechanical transplanting, a seedling culture substrate suitable for mechanical transplanting is disclosed, which comprises a basic substrate, and is characterized in that the seedling culture substrate also comprises rice soil.

The basic substrate is a basic nutrient substrate capable of meeting the seedling raising requirement. The basic nutrient medium we choose is also different according to the nutritional needs of different seeds. At present, the substrate mainly comprises coconut chaff, vermiculite, grass peat and the like added with a certain amount of fertilizer, but with the attention of people on resource utilization, materials such as fermentation bed padding and waste plant straws are gradually used for replacing or partially replacing the fertilizer and mixing with other substances to form the seedling raising substrate.

The addition of the rice soil can obviously improve the caking property of the matrix. Compared with the loose property of the seedling raising matrix structure disclosed in the prior art, the matrix disclosed by the invention can form a stable and mechanical strength-resistant root soil mass structure.

Preferably, the present invention further discloses that the paddy soil is hydroponic matured paddy soil. The paddy soil is cultivated soil which develops on various natural soils and is formed by artificial water ploughing and curing and flooding for planting rice. The soil has a hydroponic maturity layer (W), a plough base layer (Ap 2), a oozing layer (Be), a hydroponic sediment layer (Bshg), and a submerged layer (Br), and the rice soil of the hydroponic maturity layer is preferably called hydroponic maturity rice soil.

Further preferably, the preferable technical scheme that the rice soil accounts for 5-20% of the total weight is disclosed. The proportion of the rice soil is not higher and better, and when the content of the rice soil is too high, other problems such as hardening and the like can be caused, so that the problems of root breaking, large-area shedding of root soil clusters and the like can be caused in the mechanized transplanting.

As a preferred application mode, the seedling substrate is further disclosed to be a plug seedling substrate suitable for mechanical vegetable transplanting, and the plug seedling substrate consists of fermentation bed padding, vermiculite, perlite, peat and rice soil.

Wherein preferably, the paddy soil accounts for 10 percent of the total weight.

And simultaneously, the preferable mixing volume ratio of the fermentation bed padding, the vermiculite, the perlite and the peat is 4:2:2: 2.

Because the addition of the rice soil can influence the property and the content of nutrient components of the matrix, an optimum seedling matrix proportioning mode suitable for vegetables is obtained through a large number of experiments, the seedling matrix can meet the nutrient requirement of vegetable seedlings and can meet the requirements of the vegetable seedlings on volume weight and water holding capacity, the fresh weight of the seedlings cultured by the seedling matrix is high, the seedlings are robust, and more importantly, the seedling matrix is low in loss rate in mechanized transplanting, good in land-building performance and capable of quickly reviving the seedlings.

In a word, the seedling substrate disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the caking property and stability of the substrate by improving the components of the substrate, the formed seedling substrate can meet the requirement of large-scale mechanized transplanting, the scattering of root soil mass caused by a manipulator in the mechanized transplanting process is effectively avoided, the seedling reviving time is reduced, the seedling is harvested in advance, and the mechanized transplanting effect is improved.

Detailed Description

In order that the invention may be better understood, we now provide further explanation of the invention with reference to specific examples.

It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the present invention is applicable to commercially available products.

EXAMPLE 1 obtaining of different substrates for growing seedlings

Firstly, the paddy soil (the surface layer of a paddy field collected in the situation of leisure in winter of Nanjing Liuhe) is dried, ground and sieved for later use. Preferably, the sieve passes through a sieve with 20 mesh openings. Then, the fermentation bed padding, the vermiculite, the perlite and the peat are filled into a stirrer according to a mixing volume ratio (in the example, the fermentation bed padding, the vermiculite, the perlite and the peat are used in a volume ratio of 4:2:2: 2) and are pre-stirred, wherein the pre-mixing time is preferably 10 minutes per cubic meter, and specifically, the pre-mixing is carried out until the mixture is randomly grabbed, and the materials are visually and uniformly distributed without agglomeration and are considered to be uniformly mixed. And (3) after fully and uniformly mixing, adding the treated rice soil into a stirrer, and continuously and uniformly mixing, wherein the preferable mixing time is 15 minutes per cubic meter, specifically, according to the actual condition, mixing until the mixture is randomly grabbed, the rice soil is visually observed to have no concentration or agglomeration and is uniformly distributed, and thus the plug seedling substrate suitable for mechanical vegetable transplanting is obtained. It should be noted that in this example, the fermentation bed padding refers to waste fermentation bed padding cleaned from piggery, and before use, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is preferably adjusted to (16-25): 1, the water content is 50% -60%, and further the treated waste padding of the fermentation bed is piled up for fermentation, and is turned and thrown once every two days, and the piled fermentation is carried out until the maturity is 80% +/-2%.

It should be noted that, in order to obtain the seedling raising substrates with different contents of the rice soil, the rice soil is added according to the addition amounts of 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 16%, 20%, 28%, 50% and 100%, respectively.

Example 2

The unit weight, water holding capacity and basic nutrient content of the seedling culture medium with different paddy soil contents are respectively inspected, the results are shown in tables 1 and 2, and the fresh weight of seedlings and the stability of root soil mass of the seedling culture medium with different paddy soil contents are further inspected by taking milk Chinese cabbage as an example, and the results are shown in tables 3 and 4.

TABLE 1 bulk density and field Water holding Capacity of the base materials at different Rice soil addition ratios

The weight proportion of the rice soil is%	Volume weight g/cm³	Water capacity in field%
			0	0.27	320.27
1	0.27	329.85
			5	0.28	313.41
10	0.30	289.04
			16	0.33	264.02
20	0.35	243.20
			28	0.36	241.57
50	0.52	153.91
			100	0.98	67.11

Note: field water capacity = weight g of water in matrix/weight g of matrix after drying

Table 2: basic nutrient content of matrix with different rice soil addition proportions

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the influence of the addition of 5-20% of the paddy soil on the volume weight of the matrix is small, and the requirement on the looseness of the matrix can be ensured. And when the addition amount of the rice soil is 5-20%, the nutrients in the seedling culture medium can meet the seedling culture requirement, and meanwhile, the root system is promoted to generate, so that the nutrient absorption after transplanting is good.

TABLE 3 fresh weight of seedling of the same age with seedling substrate added in different paddy soil proportion

The weight proportion of the rice soil is%	Fresh weight of 15 seedlings%
		0	15.5
1	21.8
		5	27.8
10	43.4
		16	34.3
20	30.1
		28	18.7
50	19.8
		100	6.7

TABLE 4 stability of the root soil mass for seedling raising with seedling raising substrate at different paddy soil addition ratios

The weight proportion of the rice soil is%	The weight loss rate after the root soil mass is impacted%
		0	30.78
1	27.62
		5	16.88
10	8.33
		16	4.35
20	5.86
		28	6.37
50	8.06
		100	9.61

As can be seen from Table 3, the fresh weight of the seedlings obtained by culturing the seedling substrate with the addition ratio of 5-20% has higher advantage, and the highest biological weight of the seedlings can be obtained with the addition of 10%. Meanwhile, according to table 4, it is seen that after the seedlings are grown for 12 days and root soil clusters are impacted by equal mechanical external force, the loss rate of the matrix formula without adding the paddy soil is the highest after impact, which reaches 30.78%, and the loss ratio of the matrix with 5-20% of the paddy soil is greatly reduced.

According to the implementation effect of the multiple indexes, the seedling culture substrate formula with the 10% rice soil addition proportion can ensure the loose air permeability of the substrate, can meet the nutrients required by good healthy and strong seedlings, and more importantly ensures the caking property and stability of the root soil cluster against the mechanical external force, so that the seedling culture substrate formula is the optimal addition proportion.

Claims

1. Seedling raising substrate suitable for mechanized transplanting, which comprises a basic substrate and is characterized in that: also comprises rice soil; the paddy soil is water-ploughed mature paddy soil, the paddy soil is cultivated soil which develops on various natural soils and is formed by artificial water-ploughing mature and flooding rice seeds, the water-ploughed mature paddy soil is paddy soil of a water-ploughed mature layer: the rice soil accounts for 5-20% of the total weight; the basic substrate is formed by mixing fermentation bed padding, vermiculite, perlite and peat according to the volume ratio of 4:2:2: 2.

2. A seedling raising substrate suitable for mechanized transplanting according to claim 1, wherein: the rice soil accounts for 10% of the total weight.

3. A seedling raising substrate suitable for mechanized transplanting according to claim 1, wherein: the fermentation bed padding is fermentation bed waste padding cleaned from piggery, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation bed waste padding is adjusted to (16-25): 1, the water content is 50% -60%, and further the treated waste padding of the fermentation bed is piled up for fermentation, and is turned and thrown once every two days, and the piled fermentation is carried out until the maturity is 80% +/-2%.