CN104557216A - Vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104557216A CN104557216A CN201510064771.1A CN201510064771A CN104557216A CN 104557216 A CN104557216 A CN 104557216A CN 201510064771 A CN201510064771 A CN 201510064771A CN 104557216 A CN104557216 A CN 104557216A
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- resistates
- biomass energy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to utilization of biomass energy and particularly relates to a vegetable seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof. The vegetable seedling culture substrate consists of the following components in percentage by volume: 20-30% of biomass energy residue, 25-35% of peat, 15-25% of vermiculite and 20-35% of perlite. The biomass energy residue is straw gasification residue and/or straw power generation residue; and the diameter of the biomass energy residue is less than or equal to 2mm. The substrate is easy to synthesize, stable physical and chemical properties of the substrate can be maintained without acid regulation, the pH value is about 6.5-7.5, and the volume weight, porosity and the like all meet the requirements of the substrate production technology. Since the biomass energy residue is widely available, the seedling culture production cost is reduced, and a foundation is laid for the promotion of the invention; and meanwhile, the investment and work amount are small, the requirements on the management technology are not high, and the vegetable seedling culture substrate brings good social, economic and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of utilization of biomass energy, particularly a kind of vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Substrate seedling is adopted to be one of major way of current grow seedlings of vegetable.The composition of seedling medium is generally main mainly with the abundant peat of organic materials, the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the Chinese medicine slag etc. that becomes thoroughly decomposed, then is aided with part light-weight inorganic material as vermiculite, perlite, slag, grit etc.But, this in soilless culture substrate most widely used matrix-peat, belong to Nonrenewable resources, quantity is fewer and feweri, and price is more and more higher.Therefore find a kind of cheap, the peat of renewable resources substitutes the most attention that matrix is subject to countries in the world.
Due to the poor efficiency with the energy that develops rapidly of economy, the energy shortage that China faces and environmental stress increasing, country the exploitation of biomass energy are more and more paid attention to.In the utilization of biomass energy, the most noticeable is gasifying stalk and stalk direct combustion generates electricity two kinds of forms.The combustiblematerialss such as corn core, leaf, maize straw, wheat straw and the straw pulverized mainly drop in roasting kiln by gasifying stalk, carbon monoxide and methane is produced through burn incompletely, by impurity such as the dust in filtration unit removing gas and tar, then gas is pressed in capacious tank, is used as domestic energy; Stalk direct combustion generating is exactly stalk is directly sent to burning in boiler to produce high temperature and high pressure steam promotion steam turbine acting generating.The straw electric generation plant without restraint built of various places and straw direct-fired gasification furnace in recent years, while new bio mass-energy is provided, also create a large amount of resistatess, how effectively to utilize and to solve this resistates, realization is turned waste into wealth, be one have to faced by realistic problem.
Current, although the relevant personnel have done a lot of research to " plant ash " using in seedling medium, but the applied research for plant ash seems to have occurred two " extremely " phenomenons, one is that plant ash addition is very few, if patent publication No. is CN1820579, name is called a kind of soilless culture again containing matrix and preparation method thereof, and for example patent publication No. CN101095396, name is called a kind of technique of planting green vegetables, and in disclosed seedling medium, plant ash content is all below 5%; Two is as principal constituent using plant ash, as patent publication No. CN102020506, name is called plant ash seedling-growing matrix and preparation method thereof, although effectively make use of straw power generation resistates, but need through operations such as washing desalination, acid adjustment, supplementary fertilizer and adding additives, not only technique is loaded down with trivial details, and plant ash just runs off in a large number once washing potassium element, really do not make good use of plant ash self physicochemical character, thus realize itself value.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of vegetable seedling substrate, this vegetable seedling substrate meets desired nutritional composition in vegetable in seedling period completely.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of vegetable seedling substrate, is made up of the component of following volume ratio: biomass energy resistates 20 ~ 30%, peat 25 ~ 35%, vermiculite 15 ~ 25%, perlite 20 ~ 35%.Described biomass energy resistates is selected from gasifying stalk resistates and/or straw power generation resistates, the diameter≤2mm of described biomass energy resistates.Gasifying stalk is different with straw power generation technique, the resistates composition difference to some extent produced, both differences are mainly that gasifying stalk resistates unit weight is lighter, pH is alkaline more weak and organic content is abundanter relative to straw power generation resistates, both something in common all show as pH in alkalescence, all enrich containing a large amount of middle and trace element especially potassium content.
The mixture that described biomass energy resistates is gasifying stalk resistates and straw power generation resistates, the volume ratio >=2:1 of gasifying stalk resistates and stalk direct combustion resistates.Described biomass energy resistates can select separately gasifying stalk resistates, also can select the mixture of gasifying stalk resistates and straw power generation resistates; When both selections mixture, generation techniques both considering are different with physics and chemistry shape, and (straw power generation resistates is higher relative to gasifying stalk resistates pH, phosphorus element, organic content are relatively lower), therefore gasifying stalk resistates: the volume ratio of straw power generation resistates is at least greater than and equals 2:1.
Vegetable seedling substrate of the present invention is formed according to certain volume ratio mixed preparing by biomass energy resistates (gasifying stalk resistates, straw power generation resistates), peat, vermiculite, perlite.Seedling medium of the present invention, takes full advantage of each component physicochemical character, carries out reasonable compatibility, and matrix nutrition composition is abundant and collocation is reasonable, and meanwhile, each Component Source is extensive, and draw materials conveniently, manufacture craft is simple, cheap.Utilize biomass energy resistates a certain amount of replacement can not only produce a large amount of non-renewable material-peat at present, and particularly valuable be the agricultural use effect having given full play to this waste.This substrate pH 6.5-7.5, physicochemical character is excellent, stable, guaranteeing to reduce production cost under the prerequisite of cultivating vegetables strong sprout, has obvious social benefit, economic benefit and environmental ecological benefit.
As preferably, described vermiculite particle diameter is 1-3mm, to keep the good preservation capacity of water and fertility of matrix.Described perlite is for removing wherein dust impurities and meet particle diameter 3-5mm >=80%, to ensure the good permeability of matrix.
A kind of preparation method of described vegetable seedling substrate, biomass energy resistates is crossed 10 mesh sieves, the perlite meeting particle diameter 3-5mm >=80% is washed away dust, according to proportioning, biomass energy resistates, peat, vermiculite and perlite are mixed, reconcile substrate water content to 30% ± 5%, make it to reach hold agglomerating, namely loose state of loosing one's grip.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
1, the synthesis of this matrix is simple, and matrix physicochemical character just can be kept to stablize without the need to acid adjustment, pH is at about 6.5-7.5, and unit weight, porosity etc. all meet high-quality matrix manufacturing technique requirent;
2, change traditional seedling medium in the past and only focus on the inertial thinking of nitrogen nutrition, make full use of each nutritive element feature of biomass energy resistates, realize the medium trace element such as N P and K macroelement and calcium magnesium zinc and effectively arrange in pairs or groups.Needing different fertilizer requirement according to different vegetable kind, by regulating seedling pan matrix loadings just can meet nutrient supply in whole seedling stage, not needing additionally to add nutritive medium;
3, make full use of the characteristic of biomass energy resistates in alkalescence, guarantee that rice shoot stalwartness is anosis, root system development is good, is convenient to transport, goes back seedling fast after transplanting;
4, due to biomass energy resistates wide material sources, nursery production cost is reduced, for the popularization of this invention is laid a good foundation; Meanwhile, less investment of the present invention, quantities are little, administrative skill is less demanding, also have good social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The different seedling medium of Fig. 1 affects comparison diagram to cucumber seedlings plant height;
The different seedling medium of Fig. 2 on cucumber seedlings stem thick affect comparison diagram;
The different seedling medium of Fig. 3 is fresh on cucumber seedlings, dry weight affect comparison diagram;
Fig. 4 different ingredients matrix is to the effect diagram of cucumber seedlings morphological index.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
In vegetable seedling substrate of the present invention, described peat is from commercially available peat finished product, and described vermiculite is from commercially available vermiculite finished product (particle diameter 1-3mm), and described perlite is from commercially available perlite finished product (particle diameter 3-5mm).
The growth effect of embodiment 1 different substrates formula to cucumber seedling compares
1 test design: 5 process are established in this test altogether, are gasifying stalk resistates, peat, vermiculite, perlite four kinds of raw materials composite formation cucumber seedling cultivation matrix by a certain percentage.Test adopts American black 50 holes of moulding to coil, and every bunch planting 1, each process 5 repetition, in seedling raising process, only supplementary clear water, not Additional nutrient solution or any fertilizer, actual substrate mix proportion scheme sees the following form 1.
Table 1 different substrates mix proportion scheme (v/v) (%)
2 measure project and method: matrix unit weight, total porosity and water-holding porosity core cutter method measure, aeration porosity=total porosity-water-holding porosity, void ratio=aeration porosity: water holding hole; The mensuration of substrate pH and EC value, without CO
2the volume of water and matrix is according to the ratio concuss of 2:1, and after leaving standstill 30min, vat liquor PHS-2C type laboratory pH meter measures pH value, measures EC value with DDS-11A digital display conductivity meter; Cucumber seedling biomass indexes: treat that growing-seedling period terminates, stochastic sampling 3 strain seedling is often coiled in each process, adopt ruler method of masurement to survey plant height (being as the criterion with the height of plug media surface to vegetative point), stem thick (near cotyledonary node bottom), the fresh weight of rice shoot and dry weight adopt weighting method to measure.
3 data statistic analysis
All data acquisition Excel2003 and SPSS16.0 software processes.Significant difference between process adopts one-way analysis of variance evaluation, and mean value multiple comparisons adopts minimum remarkable range method (LSD).
4 different seedling mediums are on the impact of cucumber seedling rate
As shown in Table 2, the new matrix that is re-dubbed of gasifying stalk resistates and peat, vermiculite, perlite different ratios with contrast CK process there was no significant difference in bud ratio.
The different seedling medium of table 2 is on the impact of cucumber seedling rate
Note: show significant difference (P<0.05) with lowercase alphabet different in a line, lower same.
5 different seedling mediums are on the impact of cucumber seedlings morphological specificity, biomass
The measurement result of cucumber seedlings morphological specificity, biomass is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, this test shows: be no matter thick for plant height, stem, or process II, III is all significantly higher than CK process in rice shoot biomass, show that gasifying stalk resistates certain proportion and peat, vermiculite, perlite are composite, can take in as the novel excellent cultivation matrix of one.
The physico-chemical property of 6 different seedling mediums
The physicochemical character of different seedling medium sees the following form 3.Show according to relevant research, the standard of suitable mixed-matrix is: unit weight 0.2-0.8g/cm3, total porosity more than 54%, gas-water ratio is between 1:1.5-1:4, and pH5.8-7.5, EC value is less than 2.6ms/cm.From following table 3, process II, III all meets the physicochemical character requirement of excellent cultivation matrix.
The different seedling medium COMPARISON OF CHARACTERS of table 3
To sum up, by to the mensuration of different seedling medium physicochemical character and different seedling medium to cucumber seedling morphological specificity, the impact of biomass is compared, analyze and show that gasifying stalk resistates can be applied in crop seedling production as a kind of main raw material of novel cultivation matrix, and gasifying stalk resistates, peat, the volume percent of vermiculite and these four kinds of one-components of perlite should be defined as: biomass energy resistates 20 ~ 30%, peat 25 ~ 35%, vermiculite 15 ~ 25%, perlite 20 ~ 35%, such one side makes full use of gasifying stalk resistates pH alkalescence, potassium, phosphorus content relative abundance and peat pH acidity, the feature that nitrogen nutrition is abundant, realize the optimum combination of composite matrix physicochemical character, thus the general formulation can attempted as a kind of vegetables matrix, gasifying stalk resistates is as seedling medium on the other hand, also provides a kind of new pattern for the rational and efficient use of other biomass energy as straw power generation resistates.
The growth effect of embodiment 2 different ingredients matrix to tomato sprout compares
1, the manufacture of vegetables general formulation matrix
With dose volume be 10L vegetables general mechanism formula be example, each one-component biomass energy resistates, peat, vermiculite, perlite, mix successively according to volume ratio 3:3:1.5:2.5.
(1) (requirement of wherein filling a prescription only measures gasifying stalk resistates 3L to measure 3L biomass energy resistates; Formula two requires to measure gasifying stalk resistates 2L, measures straw power generation resistates 1L, and all biomass energy resistatess all cross 10 mesh sieve, to remove large granular impurity);
(2) the commercially available finished product peat of 3L is measured;
(3) the commercially available finished product vermiculite of 1.5L (particle diameter 1-3mm >=80%) is measured;
(4) the commercially available finished product perlite of 2.5L (particle diameter 3-5mm >=80%) is measured;
(5) above-mentioned each one-component is fully mixed, make vegetables substrate formula one (being called for short R1) and vegetables substrate formula two (being called for short R2) respectively, for subsequent use.
Need special pointing out, each one-component there will be the phenomenon that cumulative volume declines in the process of mixing; In addition, matrix will be sprayed water sedimentation before use, also will reserve a part as " earthing " after program request seed simultaneously.This just requires the volume considering increase by 30% when preparation matrix.
2, test design
4 process are established in this test altogether, are respectively above-mentioned formulation media R1, R2 and CK1 (usual cultivation matrix: peat: vermiculite: perlite=5:2:3 (v/v)), CK2 (certain commodity matrix commercially available).Test adopts American black 50 holes of moulding to coil, every bunch planting 1 cucumber seeds, each process 5 repetition, in seedling raising process, and only supplementary clear water, not Additional nutrient solution or any fertilizer.
3, project is measured
Cucumber seedling biomass indexes: treat that growing-seedling period terminates, stochastic sampling 3 strain seedling is often coiled in each process, survey plant height (being as the criterion with the height of plug media surface to vegetative point), stem thick (near cotyledonary node bottom) adopt ruler method of masurement, the fresh weight of overground part, root and dry weight adopt weighting method to measure, root volume adopts root scanner (LA1600+, Canada; Winrhizo2003b) measure; Chlorophyll content adopts portable chlorophyll meter to measure, improving activity of root system TCC TTC colorimetric method for determining.
4, different ingredients matrix is on the impact of cucumber seedlings morphological index, biomass
Fig. 4, table 4 are shown in the impact of different ingredients matrix on cucumber seedlings morphological index, and in, root volume thick at plant height, stem, process R1 and R2 is significantly higher than contrast CK1 and CK2; For rice shoot fresh weight, dry weight aspect process R1 > R2 > CK2 > CK1, process R1, R2 all have significant difference compared with process CK1, and difference is not remarkable compared with process CK2.
Table 4 different ingredients matrix is on the impact of cucumber seedlings biomass
5, different ingredients matrix is on the impact of cucumber seedlings physiological property
The impact of different ingredients matrix on cucumber seedlings physiological property is compared in table 5, and each process chlorophyll content is without significant difference, and improving activity of root system aspect process process R1, R2 are significantly higher than process CK1, and difference is not remarkable compared with process CK2.
Table 5 different ingredients matrix is on the impact of cucumber seedlings physiological property
To sum up, by to cucumber seedling morphological index, biomass and physiological property index analysis, test proves that comparatively conventional seedbed system mode effectively can ensure that nursery uniformity, well developed root system, seedling quality are high by a certain proportion of for biomass energy resistates for arable farming matrix; Simultaneously, this nursery formula also can according to the different nursery requirement of Different Crop, by selecting different pore size seedling pan, just crop seedling normal growth can be met, without the need to additionally adding nutrition source, have easy to operate, the feature such as technique is simple, cost is low, successful, the general formulation that therefore can be used as a kind of novel vegetable cultivation matrix is promoted.
Embodiment 3
A kind of vegetable seedling substrate, is mixed by gasifying stalk resistates, peat, vermiculite, perlite four kinds of raw materials, and gasifying stalk resistates: peat: vermiculite: perlite=25%:30%:15%:30% (v/v).
Embodiment 4
A kind of vegetable seedling substrate, is mixed by gasifying stalk resistates, peat, vermiculite, perlite four kinds of raw materials, and gasifying stalk resistates: peat: vermiculite: perlite=25%:25%:20%:30% (v/v).
Embodiment 5
A kind of vegetable seedling substrate, mixed by biomass energy resistates, peat, vermiculite, perlite four kinds of raw materials, and biomass energy resistates: peat: vermiculite: perlite=30%:35%:15%:20% (v/v), V gasifying stalk resistates in biomass energy resistates: V straw power generation resistates=2:1 (volume ratio).
Embodiment 6
A kind of vegetable seedling substrate, is mixed by gasifying stalk resistates, peat, vermiculite, perlite four kinds of raw materials, and gasifying stalk resistates: peat: vermiculite: perlite=25%:25%:20%:30% (v/v).
Although done close description with a general description of the specific embodiments in this specification sheets, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a vegetable seedling substrate, is characterized in that being made up of the component of following volume percent: biomass energy resistates 20 ~ 30%, peat 25 ~ 35%, vermiculite 15 ~ 25%, perlite 20 ~ 35%.
2. according to the vegetable seedling substrate described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biomass energy resistates is selected from gasifying stalk resistates and/or straw power generation resistates, the diameter≤2mm of described biomass energy resistates.
3. according to the vegetable seedling substrate described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mixture that described biomass energy resistates is gasifying stalk resistates and straw power generation resistates, the volume ratio >=2:1 of gasifying stalk resistates and straw power generation resistates.
4. according to the vegetable seedling substrate described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described vermiculite particle diameter is 1-3mm.
5. according to the vegetable seedling substrate described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described perlite is for removing wherein dust impurities and meet particle diameter 3-5mm >=80%.
6. the preparation method of the vegetable seedling substrate described in a claim 1, it is characterized in that, biomass energy resistates is crossed 10 mesh sieves, the perlite meeting particle diameter 3-5mm >=80% is washed away dust, according to proportioning, biomass energy resistates, peat, vermiculite and perlite are mixed, reconcile substrate water content to 30% ± 5%, make it to reach hold agglomerating, namely loose state of loosing one's grip.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107216208A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-09-29 | 王前进 | A kind of general seedling medium of slow release vegetables |
| CN107382408A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Suitable for the seedling medium of mechanization transplanting |
| CN112042502A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-08 | 众耕(厦门)农业科技有限公司 | Universal vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114946600A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-08-30 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Vegetable seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
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