CN114946600A - Vegetable seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetable seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling raising substrates, and particularly relates to a vegetable seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. A vegetable seedling raising matrix is formed by mixing peat, decomposed oil tea shells, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 3-1:1-3:1: 1. The vegetable seedling culture medium has good seedling culture effect, can promote the growth of vegetables such as leaf mustard, flowering cabbage and the like, improves the biomass and the seedling strengthening index of the vegetables, and further provides certain technical support for improving the facility vegetable planting benefit, reducing the production cost and prolonging the oil tea industry chain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling raising substrates, and particularly relates to a vegetable seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The camellia oleifera is derived from angiosperm of camellia in the family of Theaceae, is a unique woody oil plant species in the south of China, and is called four woody oil plants in the world together with olive, oil palm and coconut. The camellia oleifera has a cultivation history of over 2300 years in China, and is mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze river, wherein 3 provinces (regions) in the Jiangxi, Hunan and Guangxi are most concentrated, and account for more than 65% of the planting area of the camellia oleifera in China. According to statistics, the total area of camellia oleifera planting in 2021 year in China is about 453 hectares, 560 million tons of camellia oleifera fruits are produced annually, and the yield of camellia oleifera oil is 62.7 million tons.
The oil-tea camellia shells are pericarps of oil-tea camellia fruits, are main byproducts of oil-tea camellia processing, account for 50-60% of the weight of the whole oil-tea camellia fruits, and can reach millions of tons every year. However, these oil-tea shells are usually discarded or used as fuel, resulting in great resource waste and environmental pollution. The resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes is an effective way to utilize the current organic wastes, and the local materials are used and developed to form an environment-friendly agricultural cultivation medium or seedling culture medium are increasingly paid attention. Bagasse, traditional Chinese medicine residues, reed powder, mushroom residues, corn straws and the like are taken as crop cultivation substrates by some people to obtain good effects. The existing oil-tea camellia shell basic research is mainly applied to cultivation of edible fungi (such as agaric, hericium erinaceus and the like), the research shows that the oil-tea camellia shell serving as a cultivation medium can promote the yield of mushrooms and hericium erinaceus to be improved, the nutritional ingredients and the safety indexes of the mushrooms meet the requirements, but in the prior art, the decomposed substances of the oil-tea camellia shell are applied to vegetable seedling.
The inventor combines the development advantages of the Guangxi oil tea industry, heaps, retts and matures the oil tea shells which are abundant locally and not effectively utilized, and compounds the oil tea shells with other substrates for vegetable seedling test research, screens out proper substrate proportion, and provides certain technical support for improving facility vegetable planting benefits, reducing production cost and prolonging the oil tea industry chain.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vegetable seedling raising substrate which is obtained by screening through tests, has a good seedling raising effect, can promote the growth of vegetables such as leaf mustard, flowering cabbage and the like, improves the biomass and the seedling strengthening index, and further provides a certain technical support for improving the facility vegetable planting benefit, reducing the production cost and prolonging the camellia oleifera industrial chain.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a vegetable seedling substrate which is formed by mixing peat, decomposed oil tea shells, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 3-1:1-3:1: 1.
Preferably, the vegetable seedling raising substrate is formed by mixing peat, decomposed oil tea shells, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 3:1:1: 1.
Preferably, the preparation method of the decomposed oil tea shell comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the camellia oleifera shells, sieving the crushed camellia oleifera shells by a sieve of 10 meshes, and adding chicken manure to adjust the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen to be 30: 1;
(2) inoculating a fermentation inoculum according to the inoculation amount of 3 per mill, and adjusting the water content to 55-65%;
(3) piling into cone, fermenting and decomposing for 60d, turning over the pile once per week, and controlling water content to 55-65%.
Preferably, the fermentation inoculum in step (2) is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, cellulose decomposition bacteria and aspergillus according to the volume ratio of 1:1: 1.
Preferably, the number of effective viable bacteria in the bacillus subtilis is more than 1.5 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/mL, the effective viable count of the cellulolytic bacteria is more than 1.0 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/mL, the effective viable count in the aspergillus is more than 1.0 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/mL。
The invention also provides the application of the vegetable seedling substrate in vegetable seedling, wherein the variety of the vegetable is mustard or cabbage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the vegetable seedling raising matrix is prepared by compounding decomposed oil tea shells, peat, perlite and vermiculite, and most of physicochemical parameters can meet the requirements of the seedling raising matrix; moreover, through the mature fermentation, not only can germs in the oil-tea camellia shells be killed at high temperature, but also organic matters of the oil-tea camellia shells can be decomposed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is reduced, the content of available nutrients is increased, the physical and chemical properties of the matrix are improved, and therefore the safety and the stability of the matrix are improved.
(2) The vegetable seedling culture substrate screened by the invention has good seedling culture effect, can promote the growth of vegetables such as leaf mustard, flowering cabbage and the like, improves the biomass and the seedling strengthening index of the vegetables, and further can provide certain technical support for improving the planting benefit of facility vegetables, reducing the production cost and prolonging the oil tea industry chain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different substrate formulations on vegetable plant height;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different substrate formulations on stem thickness of vegetables;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of different substrate formulations on vegetable leaf area;
figure 4 is a graph of the effect of different base formulations on vegetable chlorophyll.
Detailed Description
In the following, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
1. Materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The camellia oleifera shells are purchased from camellia oleifera growers in Lingyun county;
peat, particle size 0-6mm, available from Guangzhou Haoji gardening GmbH under the product name "Ping' 0/6 (Red bag)";
perlite with the grain diameter of 1-3mm is purchased from Dewoduo fertilizer Co., Ltd in Hebei;
vermiculite, particle size 1-3mm, is purchased from north Heibei Dewoduo Fertilizer Co.
Vegetable varieties: mustard (big meat mustard), and cabbage heart (Chinese hong Kong four nine cabbage heart).
1.2 decomposed oil-tea camellia shell
Crushing purchased oil tea shells, sieving the crushed oil tea shells by a 10-mesh sieve, adding chicken manure to adjust the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen to be 30:1, inoculating a zymophyte agent according to the inoculation amount of 3 per mill, adding water to adjust the water content to be about 60%, and mixing to form a compost; then, the piled materials are made into a cone shape to be fermented and decomposed, the pile is turned once a week during the period, the water content is controlled to be about 60%, and the temperature of 5 directions such as the front, the back, the left, the right and the center of the pile is monitored at a position 30cm below the center of the pile every day; during the fermentation process, the temperature reaches 58 ℃ at most, wherein the temperature is continuously over 27 days above 45 ℃, and the temperature is maintained at about 38 ℃ after the fermentation is thoroughly decomposed for 60 days without increasing any more.
Sampling and analyzing biological index GI (germination index of seeds) and physical and chemical index (C/N), obtaining GI > 85%, C/N <16 can be regarded as reaching the standard of maturity.
1.3 design of the experiment
The decomposed oil tea shells are compounded with peat, perlite and vermiculite, 6 treatments are set in the test (see table 1), and seedling raising substrates formed by mixing commercial peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 4:1:1 are used as control CK.
Table 1 different matrix formulation test design
The test is carried out in a greenhouse of Guangxi subtropical crop research institute at 6 months in 2021, 6 test matrixes are respectively put into 50-hole plastic seedling culture trays, 1 vegetable seed is sowed in each hole, and all the seedling culture matrixes are watered thoroughly and heated for keeping moisture.
After sowing for 7d, measuring the rate of emergence; after sowing for 25 days, randomly selecting 10 seedlings each time, measuring growth indexes (including plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width, dry fresh weight of the upper part and the lower part), and calculating leaf area and strong seedling index; and taking the 2 nd fully-unfolded leaf from top to bottom to measure the chlorophyll content, and evaluating the compound matrix.
1.4 assay methods
(1) Determining the physicochemical properties of the matrix, wherein the physical indexes comprise physical indexes and chemical indexes, and the physical indexes comprise volume weight, total porosity, air permeability porosity and water retention porosity; the chemical indexes comprise pH, conductivity EC, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, organic matters and the like. Wherein, the hydrolytic nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, the effective phosphorus is measured by a sodium bicarbonate method, and the quick-acting potassium is measured by an ammonium acetate leaching-flame photometry method; organic matter adopts a potassium dichromate method.
(2) The plant growth index is determined according to horticultural plant research method
The chlorophyll is measured by an 80% acetone extraction method;
the leaf area is measured by a length-width product coefficient method, a common correction coefficient is taken to be 0.75, and the calculation formula of the leaf area is as follows:
leaf area is the longest diameter (cm) of the leaf x the widest diameter (cm) of the leaf x 0.75;
the formula for calculating the strong seedling index is as follows:
2. results and analysis
2.1 physicochemical Properties of different substrate formulations
The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 results of physicochemical Properties measurements of different substrate formulations
As can be seen from Table 2, the pH values of the matrix formulations added with the decomposed oil-tea camellia shells are below 6, and are concentrated between 5.6 and 5.8, which are lower than that of the control 0.3 to 0.4, and the pH difference of the T1-T5 compound matrix is not significant.
With the increase of the addition proportion of the decomposed oil-tea camellia shells, the conductivity EC gradually increases, and the T5 treatment conductivity value is the highest and is 4.17; meanwhile, the volume weight of 5 groups of compound matrixes is improved to different degrees compared with the control, but the volume weight of the 5 groups of compound matrixes is within the threshold value (0.1-0.8 g/cm) of the high-quality matrixes 3 ) Within the range.
In addition, compared with the control, the total porosity of the T1 and T3 compound matrix added with the decomposed oil-tea camellia shells is slightly improved, while the total porosity of the T2, T4 and T5 are reduced by 10.5%, 5.2% and 9.7%, respectively, but the total porosity of the T1-T5 compound matrix is in the range of the total porosity (54% -96%) of the ideal matrix.
2.2 nutrient content of different substrate formulations
The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 determination of nutrient content for different matrix formulations
The quick-acting nutrients of different compound matrixes have different contents, and the effect of raising the seedlings of the vegetables is influenced to a certain extent. As can be seen from Table 3, the nutrient content of the compound substrate added with the decomposed oil-tea camellia shells is higher than that of the control, and increases with the increase of the addition proportion of the decomposed oil-tea camellia shells in the substrate formula, namely the nutrient content of T1-T5 is sequentially ranked as T1< T2< T3< T4< T5. And the content difference of the hydrolyzable nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium treated by the T1-T5 compound matrix is obvious. Therefore, the compound matrix added with the decomposed oil-tea camellia shells is richer in nutrient than simple peat, can meet the nutrient requirement of crops, and is beneficial to the growth of vegetable seedlings.
2.3 Effect of different substrate formulas on the vegetable emergence Rate
The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Effect of different substrate formulations on vegetable emergence Rate
From table 4, after sowing for 7d, the emergence rates of the leaf mustard and the flowering cabbage are the highest at T1 and are respectively 1.5% and 4.4% higher than those of the control, the emergence rates of the two vegetables are gradually reduced along with the increase of the addition amount of the decomposed camellia oleifera shells, but the reduction range of the emergence rate of the leaf mustard is obviously larger than that of the flowering cabbage, which indicates that the sensitivity of different vegetable seeds to the decomposed camellia oleifera shells is different, wherein the leaf mustard is greatly influenced by the decomposed camellia oleifera shells, the emergence rates of T2, T3, T4 and T5 are reduced in different degrees compared with the control, T4 is less than 40%, the emergence rate of T5 is only 4.17%, and the emergence rate of the flowering cabbage T1-T5 group is maintained above 88%.
2.4 Effect of different substrate formulations on vegetable plant height and Stem thickness
The results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the seedlings of Brassica juncea and Brassica juncea have good growth vigor in the treatments of T1, T2, T3 and T4, which is superior to the control. Wherein the mustard treated by T2 has the best growth vigor, and the plant height and the stem thickness are respectively higher than the control by 61.8 percent and 112.6 percent; the cabbage seedlings have no significant difference in the plant height and stem diameter of the T2 and T3 treatments, and the T5 has the worst growth vigor. Therefore, the addition of a proper amount of decomposed oil tea shells can promote plant growth to a certain extent, but with the increase of the proportion of the oil tea shells, the plant height and stem thickness are gradually reduced, and the inhibition effect on the plant growth is more obvious.
2.5 Effect of different substrate formulations on young vegetable leaves
The results are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The plant leaves are important nutritive organs for producing organic nutrients by photosynthesis of plants and also one of important indexes for measuring the quality of seedling culture matrixes. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, leaf areas of the four treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 except the treatment of T5 were all higher than those of the control, and both vegetables had the largest leaf area of T2, wherein leaf areas of brassica juncea were ranked as T1> T3> T2> T4> T5, while leaf areas of brassica juncea treated at T2 were slightly higher than those of T3, with no significant difference, and leaf area values of T4 and CK were comparable and not significant. The leaf area of the leaf mustard has the same change rule with the stem thickness, and the leaf area of the leaf core has the same change trend with the plant height.
In addition, the addition of proper rotten camellia oleifera shells can not only increase the leaf area of plants, but also have an influence on the chlorophyll content of seedlings, the chlorophyll content of leaf mustard treated by T1 and T3 is higher than that of a control, while the chlorophyll content of leaf mustard treated by a matrix formula of T1, T2 and T3 is not significantly different and is higher than that of other treatments, and the chlorophyll content of the leaf mustard treated by T5 is the lowest.
2.6 Effect of different substrate formulations on vegetable plant Biomass
The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of different substrate formulations on vegetable plant Biomass
The biomass is an intuitive embodiment reflecting the current growth condition of the plant and is also an important index for measuring the accumulation of dry matters. As can be seen from Table 5, the biomass difference between the above-ground part and the below-ground part was large.
After sowing for 25 days, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the overground parts of the leaf mustard and the flowering cabbage except T5 are all higher than those of the overground parts treated by the other 4 groups of compound matrixes, wherein the biomass sizes of the overground parts of the leaf mustard in 5 groups of compound matrixes are sequentially ranked as follows: t1> T3> T2> T4> T5, while underground biomass was lower than control; the fresh weight of the cabbage heart in the underground part treated by the T1 and the T3 is higher than that of the control. Tests show that the fresh weight and the dry weight of the underground part do not have good correlation with the overground part, which indicates that the influence of different addition proportions on root crowns is inconsistent, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the overground part of the flowering cabbage treated by T1, T2 and T3 have significant difference with the control treatment, and the biomass of the underground part does not have significant difference with the control treatment.
In conclusion, by compounding the well-decomposed oil-tea camellia shells with peat, perlite and vermiculite, most of the physical and chemical parameters can meet the requirements of the seedling culture medium. Along with the increase of the proportion of the decomposed oil-tea camellia shells, the conductivity EC value is correspondingly improved, and the increase of the conductivity EC value in the decomposing fermentation process can be related to ammonium salt and organic acid generated by decomposing organic matters into small molecules from macromolecules. The EC value of the conductivity is in direct proportion to the content of salt in the matrix, and an excessively high EC value of the conductivity can inhibit the growth of plants and cause salt poisoning. A matrix compounding test of T1-T5 shows that the larger the proportion of the decomposed oil-tea camellia shells in the matrix is, the higher the conductivity value is, and the T5 and T6 treatments with high conductivity values have a certain inhibiting effect on seedlings of leaf mustard and cabbage.
In addition, seedling culture is one of the key links of high-yield cultivation of vegetables, reasonable substrate proportion is the basis for cultivating strong seedlings, and the yield and the quality of the transplanted and planted crops are determined to a certain extent. The application adopts the decomposed oil tea hulls, peat, perlite and vermiculite to carry out 5 kinds of matrix proportioning treatment, and the result shows that the addition of a proper amount of decomposed oil tea hulls can promote the growth of plant seedlings, but the high-content decomposed oil tea hulls inhibit the growth of plants. The treatment of T1, T2 and T3 in the research is suitable for raising seedlings of mustard and cabbage heart substrates, plays a role in promoting the growth of plants, comprehensively considers the aspects of emergence rate, biomass, strong seedling index and the like, and has a better substrate formula of T1.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The vegetable seedling substrate is characterized by being formed by mixing peat, decomposed oil tea shells, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 3-1:1-3:1: 1.
2. The vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable seedling substrate is formed by mixing peat, decomposed oil tea hulls, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 3:1:1: 1.
3. A vegetable seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the decomposed oil tea shells comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the camellia oleifera shells, sieving the crushed camellia oleifera shells by a sieve of 10 meshes, and adding chicken manure to adjust the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen to be 30: 1;
(2) inoculating a fermentation inoculum according to the inoculation amount of 3 per mill, and adjusting the water content to 55-65%;
(3) piling into cone, fermenting and decomposing for 60d, turning over the pile once per week, and controlling water content to 55-65%.
4. A vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation inoculum in step (2) is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, cellulose decomposing bacteria and Aspergillus at a volume ratio of 1:1: 1.
5. A vegetable seedling substrate according to claim 4, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis is more than 1.5 x 10 10 CFU/mL, the effective viable count of the cellulolytic bacteria is more than 1.0 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/mL, the effective viable count in the aspergillus is more than 1.0 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/mL。
6. Use of a vegetable seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1-2 in raising vegetable seedlings, characterized in that the variety of vegetables is mustard or cabbage.
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