CN114621039A - Application of polysaccharide as soil conditioner - Google Patents
Application of polysaccharide as soil conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN114621039A CN114621039A CN202011463580.XA CN202011463580A CN114621039A CN 114621039 A CN114621039 A CN 114621039A CN 202011463580 A CN202011463580 A CN 202011463580A CN 114621039 A CN114621039 A CN 114621039A
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- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BZINKQHNSA-N D-Guluronic Acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BZINKQHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-VANFPWTGSA-N D-mannopyranuronic acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-VANFPWTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactopyranuronic acid Natural products OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000221633 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Species 0.000 description 15
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013348 organic food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical group O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001142109 Chloroflexi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196319 Chlorophyceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000368135 Erythrobacteraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223198 Humicola Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235575 Mortierella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000425347 Phyla <beetle> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588769 Proteus <enterobacteria> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001464942 Thauera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001261005 Verrucomicrobia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004173 biogeochemical cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005082 stem growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a natural polysaccharide soil conditioner, which is applied to the aspects of improving microbial community structures of non-planted soil and promoting plant growth. The natural polysaccharides include: sodium alginate, chitosan and chitin. The natural polysaccharide has the effects of improving soil fertility, improving soil microbial community structure, continuously promoting plant growth and increasing yield. The soil conditioner does not cause burden to the soil environment while improving the soil quality, is a soil conditioner with wide resources, low price and environmental friendliness, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to three soil conditioners, in particular to three soil conditioners for promoting the growth of crops and application thereof.
Background
At present, the excessive use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is one of the main problems in agricultural production, and the residual toxic and harmful substances in crops pose serious threats to human health. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and self-protection, people's demand for safe and high-quality agricultural products is increasing day by day, and the demand for green food and organic food is also increasing year by year. The conversion of agricultural product production from the traditional mode to the production of pollution-free products, green foods and organic foods has become a necessary trend of modern agricultural development. At present, the cultivated land quality in China is degraded, the soil fertility quality is reduced, and the soil function is seriously degraded, and the methods mainly adopted for solving the problems comprise native soil replacement, straw returning, biological fertilizer application and the like. Each of these improved methods has certain advantages, but for various reasons, it is difficult to use for a long period of time or to popularize widely. Therefore, people gradually focus on the soil conditioner, which is a material capable of improving soil characteristics, such as reducing evaporation of water, preventing erosion, and promoting nutrient absorption of vegetation. In addition, a small amount of soil conditioner can improve the environment for soil microorganism. In recent years, means for improving soil using a regulator have been widely used in agricultural soil, and natural soil regulators have received much attention.
The development and utilization of marine organisms are one of the key fields for the efficient utilization of resources in the 21 st century, wherein the application of chitin, deacetylation products of chitin and algal polysaccharide from shells of shrimps and crabs is the key field for the efficient utilization of marine organism resources, and the resources exist in China in a large quantity. Compared with the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the application amount of the polysaccharide is small, the effect is quick, no pollution is caused, and the purpose of improving the land output is achieved while the environment is protected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the facts that the cultivated land quality is degraded, the soil fertility quality is reduced and the soil function is declined in China at present, according to the biochemical reaction after algal polysaccharides, chitin and chitosan enter the soil, the invention provides three soil conditioners, aiming at improving the soil fertility character, improving the soil biological function and achieving the purposes of promoting the growth of crops and increasing the crop yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
provides a polysaccharide soil regulator, the main component of which is one of algal polysaccharide, chitosan and chitin
The main component is alginate, wherein the ratio of mannuronic acid/guluronic acid is 7/3 molecular weight is 20-50 ten thousand; the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 85-90%, and the molecular weight is 60-105 ten thousand; the acetylation degree of the chitin is 90-95%, and the molecular weight is 110-150 ten thousand
The polysaccharide soil conditioner can be directly applied to soil in the form of solid powder, and the application amount of the polysaccharide soil conditioner is 0.02-0.16%, preferably 0.04-0.08% of the soil.
The soil conditioner can be used for continuous soil improvement.
The invention has the advantages that: (1) the polysaccharide raw material is simple and easy to obtain, and has the advantages of environmental protection, green color, simple components and easy quality control; (2) beneficial flora can be obviously increased, soil health is maintained, and plant immunity is improved; (3) the effect lasts for a long time, the adjusting function can last for more than 3 rounds of crop cultivation, and the in-situ remediation of the soil can be realized.
The natural polysaccharide has the effects of improving soil fertility, improving soil microbial community structure, continuously promoting plant growth and increasing yield. The soil conditioner does not cause burden to the soil environment while improving the soil quality, is a soil conditioner with wide resources, low price and environmental friendliness, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
1.0.04% Change in physicochemical Properties of non-planted soil after application of polysaccharide
FIG. 2 shows clustering of bacteria and fungi in non-planted soil
FIG. 3 shows the phenotypic differences and physiological index changes of pakchoi
FIG. 4 shows the phenotypic differences and physiological index changes of the Chinese cabbage planted in the soil with repeated utilization.
TABLE 1. alpha. diversity index of unplanted soil
Detailed Description
The following examples are used:
the algal polysaccharide is sodium alginate, wherein the ratio of mannuronic acid/guluronic acid is 7/3, and the molecular weight is 20-50 ten thousand; the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 85-90%, and the molecular weight is 60-105 ten thousand; the acetylation degree of the chitin is 90-95%, and the molecular weight is 110-150 ten thousand;
calculating according to the mass of soil within 30cm of the ground surface in a field experiment;
example 1 Effect of polysaccharide soil conditioner on soil physicochemical Properties
The physical and chemical properties of soil are important indexes for measuring the soil fertility, wherein the pH value, the organic matter content, the available phosphorus content, the available potassium content and the alkaline nitrogen content of the soil are the most intuitive embodiment of the soil fertility, and the most direct indications of the soil nutrient supply conditions are provided.
Sodium alginate, chitin and chitosan are respectively used as unique soil conditioners and are mixed into soil to be respectively subjected to a non-planting test and a Chinese cabbage planting test.
Non-planting experiments were carried out in a light incubator (conditions: day and night cycle 12 hours light/12 hours dark, temperature 25 + -2 deg.C). This fraction was divided into 12 treatments, three polysaccharides (sodium alginate, chitin, chitosan), each set at 4 concentrations (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.16%) by mass of the soil, and three biological replicates for each treatment. The polysaccharide is uniformly mixed with soil, and then the mixture is loaded into flowerpots with the thickness of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, 500g of the mixture is subpackaged in each flowerpot, and meanwhile, a soil comparison test without the polysaccharide is carried out. Watering the soil once every three days, taking 80g of soil sample in each flowerpot every 14 days, air-drying, sieving by a 1mm sieve, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for measuring the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
Based on the non-planting experiment result, sodium alginate, chitin and chitosan are mixed with soil according to the mass concentration ratio of 0.04%, and a planting experiment is carried out by taking pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) as a model plant, and meanwhile, a soil planting experiment without adding polysaccharide is carried out for comparison. The soil was treated with polysaccharide and allowed to stand in the greenhouse for 3 days before sowing. At sowing, each treatment was divided into three groups (biological replicates), 10 sites per group were selected, and 4 seeds were sown at each site. By the time of dicotyledonous stage after seed germination, one seedling of the average size of the treatment was retained at each locus. All plants were watered every three days. The phenotype of pakchoi was recorded at day 56 and physiological indices were measured. Collecting rhizosphere soil within 2mm around plant roots, collecting 300g soil sample, air drying in 4 deg.C refrigerator, measuring soil physicochemical properties,
the experimental results show that the application of the polysaccharide improves the physicochemical properties of the soil (fig. 1 and fig. 3), and specifically, the contents of Soil Organic Matter (SOM), alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), Available Phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) are improved in almost all stages compared with the control (the experimental group for planting without the polysaccharide), wherein the improvement effect of 0.04% polysaccharide treatment on the physicochemical properties of the soil is most remarkable. In the planting period of 56 days of the pakchoi, compared with the control, the pH value of the soil treated by the sodium alginate is obviously improved, and the pH value of the soil treated by the chitosan and the chitin is obviously reduced. After 42 days of adding the polysaccharide regulator, the polysaccharide regulator with the concentration of 0.04 percent has obvious effect on the physical and chemical properties of soil, and the sodium alginate treatment improves the content of soil organic matters and quick-acting potassium by 5 percent and improves the content of quick-acting phosphorus by 12 percent; the chitin treatment improves the organic matter content of the soil by 10 percent, improves the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content by 8 percent, and improves the quick-acting phosphorus content by 5 percent; the chitosan treatment improves the organic matter content of the soil by 18 percent, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content by 29 percent and the quick-acting phosphorus content by 2 percent.
Example 2 Effect of polysaccharide soil conditioner on soil microbial communities
The method as described in example 1. sodium alginate, chitin and chitosan were mixed into the soil as the only soil conditioners at a mass ratio of 0.04%, respectively, and a control test was performed without adding polysaccharide, and a test of no planting and a test of planting pakchoi, respectively.
Soil microbial communities play an important role in the soil nutrient cycle and plant growth. They change rapidly with changes in the surrounding environment, called "soil and plant secondary genome", and can reflect short-term changes in soil and plants. The experimental results show (figure 2, table 1) that the application of the polysaccharide changes the soil microbial community structure, increases the soil microbial diversity, indirectly improves the soil structure, and the diversity indexes of the soil, namely, Chao, Shannon and ACE, are improved to a certain extent after the polysaccharide is applied. Some beneficial flora forms clusters in polysaccharide treatment, such as bacteria (Thauera, Erythrobacteraceae and Anaerocenaceae) and fungi (Humicola and Mortierella) in sodium alginate-treated soil, Chlorophyceae Chloroflexi, Chitinophagae and Flavivalaea in chitosan. And after the three polysaccharides are treated, the relative abundance of proteus and Verrucomicrobia which are positively correlated with organic matters in the soil is increased, and the phyla are reported to be frequently present in the soil with more abundant resources. However, the Acidobacter acidipracteraum and Gemmitemonades, which grow in poor soils and are associated with long-term carbon and soil water loss, have decreased relative abundance in the three polysaccharide treatments. From this, we can speculate that, on the one hand, the application of polysaccharide provides a carbon source for soil microorganisms, and can serve as a soil conditioner, and detect the signal of available resources, thereby changing the microbial community structure. On the other hand, the water retention performance of the soil can be improved by adding polysaccharide as a biopolymer material. The soil is developed to the condition more suitable for planting, thereby improving the crop yield and having the continuous effect.
TABLE 1
Note 1) P < 0.05; p <0.01.
Injecting 2) B-bacteria F-fungi
Example 3 soil improvement Recycling experiment
To understand the sustained effect of polysaccharide soil conditioners, the rhizosphere soil was recycled three days after all plants were sampled. Namely, the seeds of the pakchoi are sowed in the rhizosphere soil after sampling, and the phenotype and the soil physical and chemical properties of the plants are measured after 56 days. The planting and sampling steps followed the first planting experiment. And after sampling for three days, recycling the rhizosphere soil again, and the steps are the same as the above.
The results show that: the phenotype of the pakchoi after the polysaccharide application was significantly different, and the stem, leaf and root growth of pakchoi was significantly faster than the control (fig. 3). Compared with the control group, the 9 physiological indexes of the Chinese cabbage, namely plant height, stem thickness, leaf stalk length, leaf area, root length, root thickness, overground part fresh weight, underground fresh weight and root cap, are all obviously improved (figure 4). The sodium alginate, the chitin and the chitosan respectively improve the fresh weight of the overground part of the pakchoi by 109%, 125% and 232%, which strongly proves that the application of the polysaccharide in the soil can promote the growth of the pakchoi. When the rhizosphere soil is recycled for the first time, the growth of the sodium alginate and chitosan treated pakchoi is obviously superior to that of the control group, and the fresh weight of the overground part is respectively improved by 97 percent and 76 percent. However, when rhizosphere soil is secondarily utilized, only the chitosan treatment group shows absolute advantages, and the fresh weight of the overground part is increased by 92%. This shows that sodium alginate and chitosan have sustainable soil quality improvement and growth promotion effects as soil conditioners.
Claims (6)
1. The application of polysaccharide as soil conditioner is characterized in that: the polysaccharide is one or more of algal polysaccharide, chitosan and chitin.
2. The use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the algal polysaccharide is sodium alginate, the structure is composed of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid monomers, the mannuronic acid/guluronic acid ratio in the polysaccharide is 7/3, and the molecular weight is 20-50 ten thousand.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of 85% to 90% and a molecular weight of 60-105 ten thousand.
4. The use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chitin has an acetylation degree of 90-95% and a molecular weight of 110-150 ten thousand.
5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the polysaccharide is directly applied to the soil in the form of solid powder, and the application amount is 0.02-0.16%, preferably 0.04-0.08% of the soil mass, if calculated according to the soil mass within 30cm of the ground surface in field experiments.
6. The use according to claim 5, characterized by a long-term effect after a single application for improving soil quality and by a growth-promoting effect after multiple cropping.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116034802A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-05-02 | 新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Cultivation method for improving quality of small berry fruits |
| CN117126016A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-11-28 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | Preparation and application methods of plant nutrition conditioner based on marine oligomeric amino polysaccharide |
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Application publication date: 20220614 |