CN107094568B - Blueberry planting method in mild saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Blueberry planting method in mild saline-alkali soil Download PDF

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CN107094568B
CN107094568B CN201710291188.3A CN201710291188A CN107094568B CN 107094568 B CN107094568 B CN 107094568B CN 201710291188 A CN201710291188 A CN 201710291188A CN 107094568 B CN107094568 B CN 107094568B
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blueberry
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CN107094568A (en
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乌凤章
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Dalian University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a blueberry planting method in a mild saline-alkali soil. Through a series of technical measures such as selection of salt-tolerant blueberry varieties, improvement of culture mediums and application of arbuscular mycorrhiza and soil growth-promoting bacteria, the nutrient and water utilization rate in the blueberry growth process is improved, the salt tolerance is enhanced, and the growth of plants is promoted. The method provided by the invention can promote the growth of the blueberries, improve the adaptability of the blueberries under the salt stress, and provide a high-yield, stable-yield and high-efficiency blueberry cultivation method in mild saline-alkali soil.

Description

Blueberry planting method in mild saline-alkali soil
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a blueberry planting method in a mild saline-alkali soil.
Background
The area of saline-alkali soil in China reaches 2.6 gamma 107Hectares are mainly distributed in northwest, north China, northeast west and coastal areas, have various types, and estimated that about 80% of saline-alkali soil in China is not developed and utilized yet, so that the method has great agricultural production potential. The reasonable development and utilization of saline-alkali land resources are of great significance to the promotion of regional economy and the improvement of ecological environment.
The blueberry is a Vaccinium (Vaccinium spp.) plant of Ericaceae, anthocyanin in fruit has biological activities of resisting oxidation, scavenging free radicals, resisting cancer, improving eyesight, etc., and has great health promotion function. In recent years, the production scale of blueberries worldwide is getting larger and larger. The blueberry is introduced from 80 s in the 20 th century in China, the cultivation area reaches nearly 3 million hectares and the yield reaches 2.5 million tons by 2015. The blueberries as novel economic tree species play an important role in developing rural economy.
Because the salinized soil in coastal and northern areas of China is not beneficial to the growth and development of blueberries, the expansion of the cultivation area is limited. The high-cluster blueberries have certain tolerance to low-concentration salt, but are sensitive to high-concentration salt. The sensitivity of different varieties of blueberries to salt stress is different. Therefore, the blueberry varieties which are suitable for the climatic characteristics of the region and have strong saline-alkali resistance can be screened through tests, so that the purpose of improving and utilizing the saline-alkali soil is achieved. In addition, the application of the microbial agent can improve the salt tolerance of plants. Such as inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can improve the salt tolerance of plants, which has been demonstrated by application in cotton, wild jujube, phellodendron amurense, tea plant and other plants. Some growth-promoting bacteria can also improve the salt tolerance of plants, such as pseudomonas, bacillus and the like. The synergistic effect of AMF and growth-promoting bacteria obviously improves the salt tolerance of plants, for example, the co-inoculation of AMF and bacillus subtilis obviously improves the salt tolerance of Jellen's acacia; the dual action of mosaic (Massiliasp) bacteria and AMF improves the salt tolerance of corn. The AMF and the growth-promoting bacteria have a synergistic effect and a restriction effect, which are related to the specificity between the bacteria and plant species. At present, no report on the improvement of the salt tolerance of blueberries by the synergistic effect of AMF and growth-promoting bacteria is found. Moreover, the optimal culture medium is selected and reasonable culture technology is adopted, so that the growth of the plants under salt stress can be obviously promoted. For example, the higher organic matter content and the proper acidity of the culture substrate can improve the colonization rate of microorganisms, thereby improving the water and mineral nutrition supply level and the hormone level of plants, promoting the growth of the plants and improving the salt tolerance of the plants. Although many reports about blueberry cultivation technologies exist, no report about the blueberry cultivation technology in saline-alkali soil is found. Therefore, if a comprehensive method for planting blueberries in slight saline-alkali soil is explored, the utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil resources can be increased, the growth condition of the blueberries can be improved, the salt tolerance can be improved, the fruit yield can be finally improved, the fruit quality can be improved, and the method has a very important significance for promoting the sustainable development of the economy, the society and the ecology in the area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting blueberries in a mild saline-alkali soil, which increases the utilization rate of nutrients and water in the growth process of the blueberries, improves the salt tolerance and promotes the growth of plants by a series of technical measures such as selection of salt-tolerant blueberry varieties, improvement of a culture medium, application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil growth-promoting fungi and the like.
A method for planting blueberries in a mild saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing nursery stocks: selecting 3-year-old big seedlings of blueberry variety plants, wherein the plant height is more than 40cm, the diameter of the base part of a main branch is more than 0.5cm, the root system is developed, and strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected;
(2) land preparation: after the land is ploughed, a terrace with the width of 120-150 cm and the height of 25-35 cm is formed;
(3) planting: firstly, digging a planting hole on a terrace, wherein the width of the planting hole is 50-60 cm, and the depth of the planting hole is 20-30 cm; filling part of a culture medium in the hole, adding 40-50 g of Muxiella morsela microbial inoculum, planting the nursery stock prepared in the step (1) in the hole, requiring the root system to be stretched, and filling the hole with the culture medium; trampling the planting hole and watering in time for 1 time;
(4) root irrigation with bacterial liquid: after 10 days of field planting, root irrigation is carried out by using growth-promoting bacterium (bacillus subtilis) suspension, and the inoculation amount is that the cell concentration in the matrix reaches 108Per gram of substrate;
(5) covering the ground: covering a black mulching film for reducing soil moisture evaporation, preventing salt return and improving the ground temperature;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 80g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate to each plant during field planting and in spring of 2 years, applying 50g of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to each plant in 5-6 months every year, applying 60g of monopotassium phosphate to each plant in late 7 months, watering in time after fertilizing to enable the fertilizer to fully permeate into soil, watering for 1 time every week, and keeping 60% -80% of soil humidity;
(7) overwintering and cold proofing: the cold-proof method is adopted by burying soil before freezing or covering the bags with black plastic bags or aluminized reflective films.
In the step (1), the blueberry varieties are selected from the following varieties with stronger salt tolerance: one or more of Lanfeng, Shuangdi and blue gold.
In the step (3), the planting time of the south Liaoning area is 3-4 months.
In the step (3), the culture medium comprises the following components in volume ratio: 30% of garden soil, 30% of turfy soil, 30% of fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture, 10% of animal manure and 1.5kg/m of sulfur powder3
In the step (3), the preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps: mixing garden soil, turfy soil, animal manure and a mixture of fermented pine needles and corn straws together according to a certain proportion, adding sulfur powder, uniformly stirring, and placing in the open for 6 months for use;
the preparation method of the fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture comprises the following steps: mixing pine needles and corn straws according to a volume ratio of 2:1, cutting into 2-4 cm long sections, putting the sections into a fermentation tank, putting an impregnation liquid containing cellulolytic enzymes (activity unit: 1000U/g) into the tank, wherein the concentration of the enzyme is 100U/g, immersing plant materials in the impregnation liquid, stirring once every 4-5 days, cleaning the pine needles and the corn straws after 30-40 days, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain a fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture.
In the step (3), 2-3 varieties are planted in common, and the same variety is planted in an interlaced manner.
In the step (3), the preparation method of the mosi sacculus fungus agent comprises the following steps: taking Sphaerotheca fuliginea strain, and performing propagation by taking white clover as a host under the conditions of a constant temperature box of 25 ℃ and 12 hours of day and night, wherein the mycorrhizal infection rate is more than or equal to 85% during harvesting. The microbial inoculum is a mixed matrix containing propagules such as infection root segments, spores and hyphae and sand, and the content of the spores is 30 per gram.
In the step (4), the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis bacterial suspension comprises the following steps: inoculating a single colony of the bacillus subtilis strain into a 100mL triangular flask containing 10mL of N A culture solution (beef extract 3g, peptone 10g, NaCl 5g, agar 20g, water 1000mL, and pH value 7.2-7.4), performing shaking culture at (28 +/-1) DEG C at 180r/min for overnight, transferring into a 500mL triangular flask containing 350mL of NA culture solution, and performing shaking culture for 48h for later use.
And (6) fertilizing by a ditch application method, wherein an annular ditch is formed at a distance of 20cm from the root of the tree, and the depth of the ditch is 10-15 cm.
In the step (7), when cold protection is carried out by adopting a soil burying method before freezing, the thickness of the covering soil is 20 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, on one hand, the salt content of the soil is reduced through land leveling and high-ridge planting technical measures, on the other hand, the salt resistance of the soil is reduced through mulching, meanwhile, the salt resistance of the blueberries is improved through the synergistic effect of the Sphaerotheca mossamensis and the Bacillus subtilis; the cultivation medium contains rich organic matters and mineral nutrient elements, meets the growth requirements of the blueberries and the environmental conditions of mycorrhiza and bacterial colonization, improves the colonization rate of inoculated soil microorganisms, promotes the growth of the blueberries, improves the adaptability of the blueberries under the salt stress, and provides a high-yield, stable-yield and high-efficiency blueberry cultivation method in mild saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Test example 1
Screening salt-tolerant blueberry varieties: salt tolerance tests of 15 blueberry varieties are carried out in Jinzhou district of Dalian city in Liaoning province 4-7 months in 2015, the salt content of soil is 0.3%, the dry matter content and the salt damage index are measured 40 days after planting, the salt damage index is sigma (the number of salt damage grades is multiplied by the number of corresponding salt damage-grade plants)/(the total number of plants is multiplied by the highest number of salt damage) multiplied by 100%, and the test results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, 3 varieties of "Lanfeng", "Shuangdi" and "blue gold" in 15 varieties to be tested have light salt damage, the dry matter mass is reduced by 15-20% compared with that of a control group, the salt damage is less influenced, the salt damage of the other varieties is heavy, and the growth is greatly influenced by the salt damage, which indicates that 3 varieties of "Lanfeng", "Shuangdi" and "blue gold" are suitable for being planted in mild saline-alkali soil.
TABLE 1 comparison test of salt tolerance of different blueberry varieties
Example 1
Taking the northern highbush blueberry varieties 'Lanfeng' and 'Shuangdi' planted in saline-alkali soil of a new area of Jinzhou, Dalian city, Liaoning province as an example, a method for planting blueberries in a mild saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing nursery stocks: selecting 3-year-old big seedlings of two blueberry varieties of 'Lanfeng' and 'Shuangdi', wherein the plant height is more than 50cm, the diameter of the base part of a main branch is more than 0.5cm, the root system is developed, and strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected;
(2) land preparation: selecting mild saline-alkali soil with 0.3% of salt content in soil in southern Liaoning area, turning over soil 30cm deep on the ground surface for 1 time by using a rotary cultivator to form a terrace 120cm wide and 35cm high;
(3) planting: the planting time is 3 late ten days, firstly, planting holes are dug on the terrace, the width of the planting holes is 50cm, and the depth of the planting holes is 30 cm; filling part of the culture medium in the hole, adding 40g of Muxiella morsela microbial inoculum, planting the nursery stock prepared in the step (1) in the hole, requiring the root system to be stretched, and filling the hole with the culture medium; trampling planting holes, watering for 1 time in time, and planting 1 variety in an interlaced manner to facilitate pollination;
(4) root irrigation with bacterial liquid: after 10 days of field planting, the root is irrigated with bacillus subtilis suspension, and the inoculation amount is that the cell concentration in the matrix reaches 108Per gram of substrate;
(5) covering the ground: covering a black mulching film for reducing soil moisture evaporation, preventing salt return and improving the ground temperature;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 80g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate to each plant in spring of the second year and during planting, applying 50g of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to each plant in the last 5 th month of the year, applying 60g of monopotassium phosphate to each plant in the last 7 th month, applying fertilizer by a furrow application method, forming an annular furrow with the depth of 10-15 cm away from the root of a tree, watering in time after fertilizing to enable the fertilizer to fully penetrate into soil, watering for 1 time every week, and keeping the soil humidity of 60-80%.
(7) Overwintering and cold proofing: an aluminized reflective film bag is adopted for bagging for cold prevention;
(8) plant growth condition observation and infection determination: taking 10 plants of a control group (without inoculating the Sphaerotheca mossambica and the Bacillus subtilis) and 10 plants of a treatment group (inoculating the Sphaerotheca mossambica and the Bacillus subtilis) in autumn of the current planting period, and carrying out dry matter quantity determination; and (3) after 120 days of field planting, taking the rest 100 segments of the root segment of the plant treated by the Musaceus and the bacillus subtilis, and determining the infection rate.
In the step (3), the culture medium comprises the following components in volume ratio: 30% of garden soil, 30% of turfy soil, 30% of fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture, 10% of animal manure and 1.5kg/m of sulfur powder3
In the step (3), the preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps: mixing garden soil, turfy soil, animal manure and a mixture of fermented pine needles and corn straws together according to a certain proportion, adding sulfur powder, uniformly stirring, and placing in the open for 6 months for use;
the preparation method of the fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture comprises the following steps: mixing pine needles and corn straws according to a volume ratio of 2:1, cutting into 2-4 cm long sections, putting the sections into a fermentation tank, putting impregnation liquid (the concentration is 1000U/g) containing cellulose decomposition enzyme into the tank, immersing plant materials in the impregnation liquid, stirring once every 4-5 days, cleaning the pine needles and the corn straws after 30-40 days, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain a fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture.
In the step (3), the preparation method of the mosi sacculus fungus agent comprises the following steps: the Mucunea moscillus strain is provided by the plant nutrition and resource research institute of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Beijing, namely the germplasm resource library of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of China. Taking Sphaerotheca fuliginea strain, and performing propagation by taking white clover as a host under the conditions of a constant temperature box of 25 ℃ and 12 hours of day and night, wherein the mycorrhizal infection rate is more than or equal to 85% during harvesting. The microbial inoculum is a mixed matrix containing propagules such as infection root segments, spores and hyphae and sand, and the content of the spores is 30 per gram.
In the step (4), the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis bacterial suspension comprises the following steps: the bacillus subtilis strain is provided by China industrial microorganism strain preservation management center. Inoculating a single bacterial colony of the bacillus subtilis strain into a 100mL triangular flask containing 10mL of N A culture solution (beef extract 3g, peptone 10g, NaCl 5g, agar 20g, water 1000mL and pH value 7.2-7.4), carrying out shaking culture at (28 +/-1) DEG C at 180r/min for overnight, transferring into a 500mL triangular flask containing 350mL of NA culture solution, and carrying out shaking culture for 48h for later use.
The test result of the step (8) is as follows: the average dry matter accumulation of the 'Lanfeng' control group and the treatment group is 15.6 g/plant and 19.5 g/plant respectively, and compared with the control group, the dry matter accumulation of the double-inoculation treatment group is increased by 25 percent; the infection rate of the myxomycete is 66 percent, and the infection rate of the bacillus subtilis is 87 percent; the average dry matter accumulation of the 'Shuangdi' control group and the treated group is 18.6 g/plant and 22.4 g/plant respectively, and the dry matter amount of the double inoculation treated group is increased by 20 percent compared with the control group; the infection rate of sacculus moseri is 62%, the infection rate of bacillus subtilis is 81%, and experimental results show that the culture medium and the culture measures are beneficial to colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria of blueberry root systems and growth of blueberries and improve the salt tolerance of the blueberries.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and common methods in the art.

Claims (7)

1. A method for planting blueberries in a mild saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing nursery stocks: selecting 3-year-old big seedlings of blueberry plants, wherein the height of each seedling is more than 40cm, the diameter of the base part of a main branch is more than 0.5cm, the root system is developed, and the strong seedlings are free of diseases and insect pests;
(2) land preparation: after the land is ploughed, a terrace with the width of 120-150 cm and the height of 25-35 cm is formed;
(3) planting: firstly, digging a planting hole on a terrace, wherein the width of the planting hole is 50-60 cm, and the depth of the planting hole is 20-30 cm; filling part of the culture medium in the hole, adding 40-50 g of Mussi sacculus mildew agent, planting the nursery stock prepared in the step (1) in the hole, and filling the hole with the culture medium; trampling the planting hole and watering in time for 1 time;
the culture medium comprises the following components in volume ratio: 30% of garden soil, 30% of turfy soil, 30% of fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture, 10% of animal manure and 1.5kg/m of sulfur powder3Mixing garden soil, turfy soil, animal manure and a mixture of fermented pine needles and corn straws together according to a proportion, adding sulfur powder, uniformly stirring, and placing in the open for 6 months for use;
the preparation method of the fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture comprises the following steps: mixing pine needles and corn straws according to a volume ratio of 2:1, cutting into 2-4 cm long sections, putting the sections into a fermentation tank, putting an impregnation liquid containing cellulose decomposition enzyme with a concentration of 100U/g into the tank, immersing the plant materials in the impregnation liquid, stirring once every 4-5 days, after 30-40 days, cleaning the pine needles and the corn straws out, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain a fermented pine needle and corn straw mixture;
the preparation method of the mosi sacculus mildew agent comprises the following steps: taking saccharum morchelli strain, and performing propagation by taking white clover as a host under the conditions of a constant temperature box at 25 ℃ and 12 hours in each day and night, wherein the mycorrhizal infection rate is more than or equal to 85% during harvesting, the microbial inoculum is a mixed matrix containing infected root segments, spores, hyphae and sand, and the content of the spores is 30/g;
(4) root irrigation with bacterial liquid: after 10 days of field planting, the root is irrigated with bacillus subtilis suspension, and the inoculation amount is that the cell concentration in the matrix reaches 108Per gram of substrate;
(5) covering the ground: covering a black mulching film;
(6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 80g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate to each plant during field planting and in spring of 2 years, applying 50g of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to each plant in 5-6 months every year, applying 60g of monopotassium phosphate to each plant in late 7 months, watering in time after fertilizing, watering for 1 time every week, and keeping 60% -80% of soil humidity;
(7) overwintering and cold proofing: the cold-proof method is adopted by burying soil before freezing or covering the bags with black plastic bags and aluminized reflective films.
2. The method for planting blueberries in mild saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the blueberry varieties are selected from the following varieties with stronger salt tolerance: one or more of Lanfeng, Shuangdi and blue gold.
3. The method for planting blueberries in mild saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the planting time in the south Liaoning area is 3-4 months.
4. The method for planting blueberries in the mild saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein 2-3 varieties are planted in the step (3) in a co-planting mode, and the same variety is planted in an interlaced mode.
5. The method for planting blueberries in mild saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis bacterial suspension comprises the following steps: inoculating a single bacterial colony of the bacillus subtilis strain into a 100mL triangular flask containing 10mL of the NA culture solution; the components of the culture solution comprise: 3g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl, 20g of agar and 1000mL of water, wherein the pH value of the culture solution is 7.2-7.4, (28 +/-1) DEG C, the culture solution is shake-cultured overnight at 180r/min, the culture solution is transferred into a 500mL triangular flask containing 350mL of NA culture solution, and the shake culture is carried out for 48 hours for later use.
6. The method for planting the blueberries in the mild saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the fertilizer is applied by a furrow application method, annular furrows are formed at positions 20cm away from the roots of the trees, and the depth of the furrows is 10-15 cm.
7. The method for planting blueberries in mild saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (7), when cold protection is performed by adopting a soil burying method before freezing, the thickness of the covering soil is 20 cm.
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