CN106386123A - Saline and alkaline land peanut planting method capable of promoting emergence of seedlings in advance and ensuring full stand of seedlings - Google Patents
Saline and alkaline land peanut planting method capable of promoting emergence of seedlings in advance and ensuring full stand of seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386123A CN106386123A CN201610816121.2A CN201610816121A CN106386123A CN 106386123 A CN106386123 A CN 106386123A CN 201610816121 A CN201610816121 A CN 201610816121A CN 106386123 A CN106386123 A CN 106386123A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and relates to a saline and alkaline land peanut planting technique, in particular to a saline and alkaline land peanut planting method capable of promoting emergence of seedlings and ensuring full stand of seedlings. According to the method, a flat planting manner of covering peanuts with a blank film is adopted, biological and agronomic salt avoidance measures including performing saline-alkaline tolerant peanut variety selection, performing later sowing in suitable time, performing film covering, and performing reasonable fertilizing are combined together, and the seedlings of the peanuts can emerge evenly, full stand of the seedlings can be ensured after seeds are sown once, and the seedlings can emerge in advance. Comparing with the conventional saline and alkaline land peanut flat planting manner of covering the peanuts with white films, the planting method can allow the seedlings to emerge 3-5 days in advance, can improve the emergence rate by 8.04%, can increase the yield by 18.27%-48.29%, and can greatly increase the yield of moderate and mild saline and alkaline land peanuts. The method is easy to control, is simple to implement, and has important significance to optimization of agriculture planting structures of saline and alkaline land regions and increase in the economic benefits and the social benefits of agricultural production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting field, it is related to a kind of growing and cultivation technology of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root, specifically, relates to
And a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root promotees seedling and early sends out the cultural method saving seedling from damage.
Background technology
China's saline-alkali soil area about 1.0 × 107hm2, account for the 2.1% of territory total area, account for the 6.2% of cultivated area, at present
80% about is still had not yet to be obtained by, the salinization of soil seriously constrains grain-production and agricultural sustainable development.
Peanut is important oil crops and industrial crops, and peanut oil is one of main source of vegetable oil, peanut in
Critical role is all occupied in state's agricultural development and foreign exchange earning.According to this toward statistics and research, China's peanut area is on 80,000,000 mu of left sides
The right side, wherein 80% is distributed on poor rainfed land, almost without peanut cultivation on salt-soda soil.Its main cause, one is due to peanut itself
Salt resistance ability is relatively low, is not belonging to salt tolerant crop, more no has the kind of stronger salt tolerance；How two be saline-alkali soil area to plant salt tolerant
Based on alkali crop cotton, agricultural planting structure is single and more fragile, in addition during cotton expense of labour, and its cost increase in recent years,
Price, Benefit Drops；3rd, saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root is sporadicly planted, and its cultivated area is less, and planting technology is immature, and salt damage causes
Be short of seedling disconnected ridge phenomenon project, yield is very low, inferior quality.Therefore, cause that salt-soda soil peanut production area is little, technology is low, produce
Amount is unstable, and economic benefit, Social Ecology and ecological benefits are relatively low.And peanut is good in economic efficiency and manages gently letter, if improving
Peanut, in the planting technology in salt-soda soil, improves its yield, for expansion salt-soda soil peanut cultivation area, improves the plantation of saline-alkali soil area
Structure, increase farmers' income and ensure that edible oil and fat are respectively provided with safely important meaning.
Beginning sowing in good time is the key that saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root one broadcasts full stand.Salt-soda soil spring ground temperature go up relatively slow, according to surveying and determination 0～
Ground temperature at 10cm, salt-soda soil is lower 2～4 DEG C than usually, and therefore, early sowing can not early be emerged, and because seed buries for a long time in soil
In earth, endangered by salt stress adverse circumstance, so that salt damage is increased, infection process probability increases, and causes the rotten bud of rotten kind.But sowing is too late, amass
Temperature reduces it is ensured that the effective accumulated temperature time of breeding time shortens, and growing process extends, and yield is greatly reduced, and quality deteriorates.Therefore,
In terms of agronomic measures, take and reasonably keep away salt measure to improve peanut emergence rate, to ensure that seedling full stand is neat, finally increase yield,
It is to ensure that the important channel of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root sustainable development.But have not yet to see and can significantly improve salt-soda soil peanut yield and effect
The rational planting patterns of benefit and rush seedling early send out technology.
Content of the invention
According to above the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root to promote seedling and early sends out the cultivation side saving seedling from damage
Method, have the characteristics that peanut emerge neatly, one broadcast full stand and promote seedling and early send out.
A kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root of the present invention promote seedling early send out the cultural method saving seedling from damage it is characterised in that：Soil warp
After site preparation, pour water pressure salt and fertilising, make film-covering planting mode using flat, first after planting overlay film, skill is covered using sowing row duplicate rows
Art, timely firming, seedling is put in finally punching；
Wherein, late broadcasting method in good time is taken in described sowing, is sowed using flat planting method, keep line-spacing 50～
55cm, hill spacing 16～18cm, 0～10cm soil layer ground temperature reach 17 DEG C and above when sowed, more late than conventional Peanut Fields broadcast 7
～14 days, planting density was maintained at 15500～18500 caves/mu；
Described overlay film adopts black mulch film, and thickness is 0.008mm, and fabric width is 80cm or 90cm.
Wherein, preferred version is as follows：
Described site preparation, pressure of pouring water salt follow the steps below：Level land before peanut cultivation, repair ridge ditch of pouring water,
Carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 160～180m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1～2cm water layer 1～3 day.
Described fertilising follows the steps below：After pressure of pouring water salt, treat that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 75%
Carry out soil during～85% soil moisture content to plough, apply fertilizer.
Described punching is put seedling and is followed the steps below：When peanut cotylcdon launch color by xanthochromia green when in time punching put
Seedling, putting after seedling will block up sternly suitable firming, puts seedling and is operated in the morning 9:Carry out before 00 point.
Summary preferred version, a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root of the present invention promotees seedling and early sends out the cultural method saving seedling from damage,
May comprise steps of：
A () site preparation presses salt：Level land before peanut cultivation, repair ridge ditch, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 160～
180m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1～2cm water layer 1～3 day；
B () is applied fertilizer：After pressure of pouring water salt, enter when the soil moisture content that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 75%～85%
Row soil is ploughed, is applied fertilizer；
C () evening is broadcast in good time：Sowed using flat planting method, kept line-spacing 50～55cm, hill spacing 16～18cm, 0～
10cm soil layer ground temperature reach 17 DEG C and above when sowed, more late than conventional Peanut Fields broadcast 7～14 days, planting density is maintained at
15500～18500 caves/mu；
(d) planting patterns：Make film-covering planting mode using flat, first after planting overlay film, using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique,
Firming in time, keeps overlay film tight and compound film quality；
(e) overlay film：Using black mulch film, thickness is 0.008mm, and fabric width is 80cm or 90cm；
F () seedling is put in punching in time：When peanut cotylcdon launch color by xanthochromia green when in time punching put seedling, putting after seedling will be suitably
Firming blocks up sternly, puts seedling and is operated in the morning 9:Carry out before 00 point.
Peanut varieties of the present invention are preferably Ji and spend No. 5, spend and educate No. 25.
The present invention institute using fertilising raw material be：4000～5000 kgs/acre of fertilizer, 35～45 kgs/acre of urea, general calcium
70～80 kgs/acre, 25～35 kgs/acre of potassium sulfate, 0.5～0.6 kg/acre of boric acid.
The invention has the advantages that：Employ the flat planting patterns covering black mulch film, fresh water is pressed salt, selected Salt And Alkali Tolerance flower
Health product kind, in good time evening are broadcast, the biology such as overlay film, rational application of fertilizer keeps away salt and agronomic measures are kept away salt technology and combined, and so that peanut is emerged whole
Together, one broadcast full stand and promote seedling and early send out, cover the saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root general planting mode of white mulch film compared to flat planting, early emerge 3～5
My god, emergence rate improves 8.04%, and output increased 18.27%～48.29% is it is achieved that moderate, slight alkaline land peanut yield
Increase substantially.Meanwhile, the method for the present invention is easily controllable, simple, for optimization saline-alkali soil area agricultural planting structure,
The economic benefit and the social benefit that improve agricultural production are significant.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1：
1 materials and methods
1.1 experimental cultivar
Salt And Alkali Tolerance peanut varieties Ji is selected to spend No. 5, spend and educate No. 25.
1.2 method
Setting field plot trial, 0～20cm soil layer soil salt content 0.308%, if flat cover white mulch film peace work
Cover 2 process of black mulch film, be repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Flat cover white mulch film：
(1) spring site preparation pressure salt
Before peanut cultivation, carry out prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 160～180m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep
1.5cm water layer 2 days about, soil moisture content reach saturation moisture content, so that topsoil soils salinity is oozed under deep soil leaching with water
Reach the purpose of pressure salt desalination.
(2) apply fertilizer：After pressure of pouring water salt, when the soil moisture content 70% for the moisture evaporation to soil water content, carry out soil
Plough, apply fertilizer, dose：4000 kgs/acre of fertilizer, 40 kgs/acre of urea, 75 kgs/acre of general calcium, 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate/
Mu, 0.55 kg/acre of boric acid.
(3) evening is broadcast in good time：Sowed using flat planting method, kept line-spacing 50～55cm, hill spacing 16～18cm, in 0-
10cm soil layer ground temperature reach 17 DEG C and above when sowed, more late than conventional Peanut Fields broadcast 7～14 days, planting density is maintained at
15500～18500 caves/mu.
(4) planting patterns：Make film-covering planting mode using flat, first after planting overlay film, using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique,
Firming in time, keeps the tight and higher compound film quality of overlay film.
(5) overlay film：Using white mulch film, thickness 0.008mm, fabric width 80cm or 90cm.Overlay film on ridge, timely firming, protect
Hold the tight and higher compound film quality of overlay film.
(6) seedling is put in punching in time：When peanut cotylcdon launch color by xanthochromia green when to punch in time and put seedling, putting after seedling will fit
When firming blocks up sternly, put seedling and work preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
Flat planting covers black film：
(1) spring site preparation pressure salt
Before peanut cultivation, carry out prepartion of land, fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 160～180m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep
1.5cm water layer 2 days about, soil moisture content reach saturation moisture content, so that topsoil soils salinity is oozed under deep soil leaching with water
Reach the purpose of pressure salt desalination.
(2) apply fertilizer：After pressure of pouring water salt, when the soil moisture content 70% for the moisture evaporation to soil water content, carry out soil
Plough, apply fertilizer, dose：4000 kgs/acre of fertilizer, 40 kgs/acre of urea, 75 kgs/acre of general calcium, 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate/
Mu, 0.55 kg/acre of boric acid.
(3) evening is broadcast in good time：Sowed using flat planting method, kept line-spacing 50～55cm, hill spacing 16～18cm, in 0-
10cm soil layer ground temperature reach 17 DEG C and above when sowed, more late than conventional Peanut Fields broadcast 7～14 days, planting density is maintained at
15500～18500 caves/mu.
(4) planting patterns：Make film-covering planting mode using flat, first after planting overlay film, using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique,
Firming in time, keeps the tight and higher compound film quality of overlay film.
(5) overlay film：Using black mulch film, thickness 0.008mm, fabric width 80cm or 90cm.Overlay film on ridge, timely firming, protect
Hold the tight and higher compound film quality of overlay film.
(6) seedling is put in punching in time：When peanut cotylcdon launch color by xanthochromia green when to punch in time and put seedling, putting after seedling will fit
When firming blocks up sternly, put seedling and work preferably in the morning 9:Used before 00 point.
The same high-yield field of control measures of above-mentioned each process, in May 10 sowing, September harvests on the 24th, and from May, 17 start
Field fixed point statistics 2m2Number of emerging, calculates emergence rate, later investigation statisticses 1 time daily, until the 1st needle of emerging completely is long
Go out.And measure each process yield in peanut maturation harvest time.
2 results and analysis
Speed of emerging under 2.1 Different Ways of Planting and emergence rate
Table 1 shows, delayed sowing in good time, saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root can be made to emerge neat one using the flat planting patterns making overlay film
Cause.Emergence rate improves.Flat make not emerge under film-covering planting mode more early but uneven, and emergence rate is relatively low, and it was at the after planting the 9th day
Emergence rate when (May 19), with reaching 86.23%, covers the 79.89% of white mulch film and covers black mulch film higher than flat
60.13%, but in 5 days (May 20 was to Mays 24) thereafter, its emergence rate is all 87.12%～90.87%.Cover white films
Process early stage to emerge slowly, but reach 90.08% to its emergence rate of after planting 11 days (May 21), to after planting 14 days first
Its emergence rate of May 24 when piece needle launches reaches 95.44%.Cover black film and process early stage and emerge slowly, but to after planting 11
My god (May 21) its emergence rate reached 97.21%, to after planting 14 days first piece needles launch when its emergence rate of May 24
Reach 98.91%, respectively higher than flat make not overlay film and cover white mulch film 8.04 and 3.47 percentage points.Cover black mulch film to emerge ahead of time
And neat, emergence rate raising.
Table 1 is flat to cover white mulch film and black mulch film emergence rate (%)
| Process | 5/17 | 5/18 | 5/19 | 5/20 | 5/21 | 5/22 | 5/23 | 5/24 |
| Flat work not overlay film | 41.25 | 69.38 | 86.23 | 87.12 | 88.31 | 89.52 | 90.55 | 90.87 |
| Flat cover white mulch film | 30.12 | 70.27 | 79.89 | 85.69 | 90.08 | 91.25 | 95.33 | 95.44 |
| Flat cover black mulch film | 33.26 | 56.32 | 60.13 | 89.66 | 97.21 | 98.74 | 98.88 | 98.91 |
2.2 yield
Saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root can significantly improve yield using the flat planting patterns making overlay film, and result of the test shows, flat cover white
Color mulch film and cover the planting patterns of black mulch film the yield under film-covering planting mode is not respectively increased than local traditional flat work
16.13% and 32.72%, and the flat planting patterns covering black mulch film is covered white mulching film planting mode and is improved than flat
14.28%.
Table 2 is flat to cover white mulch film and black mulch film yield
3 results
The delayed sowing in good time of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root, cover black mulch film planting patterns using flat, its Pod Yield is made not than flat
Improve 16.13%～32.72%, peanut yield significantly improves (P under film-covering planting mode>0.05)；Speed of emerging and emergence rate
Improve, emerge within 3～5 days in advance, emergence rate improves 8.04 percentage points.
Show using cover black mulch film, adjustment sowing time and using salt-enduring cultivars, saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root is emerged in time,
Seedling full stand is neat, one broadcasts full stand and peanut normal growth is developed and had significant facilitation.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention it is noted that ordinary skill people for the art
Member, on the premise of without departing from the inventive method, can also make some improvement and supplement, these improve and supplement also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root promote seedling early send out the cultural method saving seedling from damage it is characterised in that：Soil through site preparation, pour water pressure salt and
After fertilising, make film-covering planting mode using flat, first after planting overlay film, using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique, timely firming, finally
Seedling is put in punching；
Wherein, late broadcasting method in good time is taken in described sowing, is sowed using flat planting method, keeps line-spacing 50～55cm,
Hill spacing 16～18cm, 0～10cm soil layer ground temperature reach 17 DEG C and above when sowed, more late than conventional Peanut Fields broadcast 7～14
My god, planting density is maintained at 15500～18500 caves/mu；
Described overlay film adopts black mulch film, and thickness is 0.008mm, and fabric width is 80cm or 90cm.
2. a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root according to claim 1 promotees seedling and early sends out the cultural method saving seedling from damage it is characterised in that institute
The site preparation stated, pressure of pouring water salt follow the steps below：Level land before peanut cultivation, repair ridge ditch of pouring water, carry out fresh water filling
Irrigate pressure salt, irrigation quantity 160～180m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1～2cm water layer 1～3 day.
3. a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root according to claim 1 promotees seedling and early sends out the cultural method saving seedling from damage it is characterised in that institute
The fertilising stated follows the steps below：After pressure of pouring water salt, treat the soil that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 75%～85%
Carry out soil during earth soil moisture content to plough, apply fertilizer.
4. a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root according to claim 1 promotees seedling and early sends out the cultural method saving seedling from damage it is characterised in that institute
The punching stated is put seedling and is followed the steps below：When peanut cotylcdon launch color by xanthochromia green when in time punching put seedling, put after seedling
Want firming to block up tight, put seedling and be operated in the morning 9:Carry out before 00 point.
5. a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root according to claims 1 to 4 promote seedling early send out the cultural method saving seedling from damage it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
A () site preparation presses salt：Level land before peanut cultivation, repair ridge ditch, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 160～180m3/
Mu, makes earth's surface keep 1～2cm water layer 1～3 day；
B () is applied fertilizer：After pressure of pouring water salt, when the soil moisture content that moisture evaporation to soil water content is 75%～85%, carry out soil
Earth is ploughed, is applied fertilizer；
C () evening is broadcast in good time：Sowed using flat planting method, kept line-spacing 50～55cm, hill spacing 16～18cm, in 0～10cm
Soil layer ground temperature reach 17 DEG C and above when sowed, more late than conventional Peanut Fields broadcast 7～14 days, planting density is maintained at 15500
～18500 caves/mu；
(d) planting patterns：Make film-covering planting mode using flat, first after planting overlay film, using sowing row duplicate rows soverlay technique, in time
Firming, keeps overlay film tight and compound film quality；
(e) overlay film：Using black mulch film, thickness is 0.008mm, and fabric width is 80cm or 90cm；
F () seedling is put in punching in time：When peanut cotylcdon launch color by xanthochromia green when in time punching put seedling, put after seedling and will block up sternly, put
Seedling is operated in the morning 9:Carry out before 00 point.
6. a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root according to claim 1 promotees seedling and early sends out the cultural method saving seedling from damage it is characterised in that institute
The peanut varieties stated are that Ji is spent No. 5, spent and educate No. 25.
7. a kind of saline and alkaline tibet milkwort root according to claim 1 promotees seedling and early sends out the cultural method saving seedling from damage it is characterised in that institute
Its fertilizer that adopts of fertilising stated is：4000～5000 kgs/acre of fertilizer, 35～45 kgs/acre of urea, general calcium 70～80 are public
Pound/acre, 25～35 kgs/acre of potassium sulfate, 0.5～0.6 kg/acre of boric acid.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610816121.2A CN106386123A (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2016-09-12 | Saline and alkaline land peanut planting method capable of promoting emergence of seedlings in advance and ensuring full stand of seedlings |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610816121.2A CN106386123A (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2016-09-12 | Saline and alkaline land peanut planting method capable of promoting emergence of seedlings in advance and ensuring full stand of seedlings |
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| CN106386123A true CN106386123A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107094568A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-29 | 大连大学 | A kind of slight alkaline land blueberry implantation methods |
| CN107347411A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-17 | 山东省花生研究所 | Ensure the implantation methods of the saline and alkaline neat seedling of tibet milkwort root full stand |
| CN110663489A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-10 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method for cultivating soybeans in saline-alkali soil |
| CN114902853A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2022-08-16 | 山东省花生研究所 | Fertilizing method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107094568A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-29 | 大连大学 | A kind of slight alkaline land blueberry implantation methods |
| CN107094568B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-12-24 | 大连大学 | Blueberry planting method in mild saline-alkali soil |
| CN107347411A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-17 | 山东省花生研究所 | Ensure the implantation methods of the saline and alkaline neat seedling of tibet milkwort root full stand |
| CN110663489A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-10 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method for cultivating soybeans in saline-alkali soil |
| CN114902853A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2022-08-16 | 山东省花生研究所 | Fertilizing method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil |
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Application publication date: 20170215 |