CN105794450A - Trench culture mulching and planting method for saline-alkali soil peanuts - Google Patents
Trench culture mulching and planting method for saline-alkali soil peanuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN105794450A CN105794450A CN201610144331.1A CN201610144331A CN105794450A CN 105794450 A CN105794450 A CN 105794450A CN 201610144331 A CN201610144331 A CN 201610144331A CN 105794450 A CN105794450 A CN 105794450A
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- arachidis hypogaeae
- semen arachidis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to a trench culture mulching and planting method for saline-alkali soil peanuts, in particular to a method applicable to peanut planting in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil with the soil salt salinity being 0.387-0.503% and the surface layer thickness being 0-20 cm. The biological salt avoidance and agronomic measure salt avoidance technologies such as fresh water salt pressing, selection of the variety of saline-alkaline tolerance peanuts, trenching, planting and mulching, and reasonable fertilizer application are combined, after peanuts grow and develop to the fruiting period, the soil salinity with the surface layer thickness being 0-20 cm is lowered to 9.18-60.85%, and the soil salinity with the thickness being 20-40 cm is lowered to 7.64-50.95%; compared with a conventional planting method for horizontal spreading and non-mulching moderate and severe saline-alkali soil peanuts, the yield is improved by 38.27-60.32%, the number of single-plant pods is increased by 4.8-6.4, the number of single-plant plump fruits is 3-5, the plump fruit rate and the kernel rate are improved by 3.8-8.5% and 2.8-5.3%, and the yield of moderate and severe saline-alkali soil peanuts is greatly increased. The method is easy to control and simple and easy to implement, and is of great significance in improving economic and social benefits of agricultural production for optimizing the saline-alkali soil region agricultural planting structure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the growing and cultivation technical field of Semen arachidis hypogaeae, be specifically related to the trench culture film-covering planting mode of a kind of salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae.
Background technology
China saline-alkali soil area about 1.0 × 107hm2, accounting for the 2.1% of territory total area, account for the 6.2% of cultivated area, the most still have about 80% to be not yet obtained by, the salinization of soil seriously constrains grain-production and agricultural sustainable development.
Semen arachidis hypogaeae is important oil crop and industrial crops, and Oleum Arachidis hypogaeae semen is one of main source of vegetable oil, and Semen arachidis hypogaeae all occupies critical role in Chinese agricultural development and foreign exchange earning.According to this toward statistics and research, China's Semen arachidis hypogaeae area, at about 80,000,000 mu, wherein 80% is distributed on poor rainfed land, almost without peanut cultivation on salt-soda soil.Its main cause, one is owing to Semen arachidis hypogaeae self salt resistance ability is relatively low, is not belonging to salt tolerant crop, more without having the kind of stronger salt tolerance；Two is that saline-alkali soil district is many to plant Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop Cotton Gossypii, and agricultural planting structure is single and more fragile, and Cotton Gossypii recruitment is time-consuming in addition, and its cost increase in recent years, price, Benefit Drops；3rd, salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae is sporadicly planted, and its cultivated area is less, and planting technology is immature, and disconnected ridge phenomenon that what salt damage caused be short of seedling highlights, and yield is the lowest, inferior quality.Therefore, causing that salt-soda soil peanut production area is little, technology is low, yield is unstable, economic benefit, Social Ecology and ecological benefits are relatively low.And the better economic benefit of peanut production and the light letter of management, if improving the Semen arachidis hypogaeae planting technology in salt-soda soil, improve its yield, for improving pattern of farming, increase farmers' income and ensureing that edible oil and fat are respectively provided with safely important meaning.
In terms of agronomic measures, take reasonably to keep away salt measure to improve Semen arachidis hypogaeae emergence rate, to ensure that Seedling full stand together, finally increases yield, is to ensure that the important channel of salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae sustainable development.But have not yet to see the rational planting patterns that can significantly improve salt-soda soil peanut yield.
Summary of the invention
For deficiency of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of trench culture film-covering planting mode improving salt-soda soil peanut yield.
The trench culture film-covering planting mode of the salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae of the present invention, comprises the steps:
A () presses salt wholely: level land, repair ridge ditch, fresh water irrigation, irrigation quantity 150-170m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1-3cm water layer 2-3 days；
B () is applied fertilizer: after pressure of pouring water salt, carry out soil and plough, apply fertilizer when moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 70%-80%；
(c) whole ground water furrow planting: trenching ridging, repairing furrow stalk and ridge, form trench sowing furrow, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 50～55cm, sowing overlay film in ditch, in every ditch, sowing 2 row become 1 ridge, line-spacing 30cm, row spacing 75～80cm, 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reach 16～17 DEG C and above time sow, single grain fine sowing or double bunch plantings, single grain fine sowing planting density is maintained at 17500～21000 caves/mu, and double bunch planting thicknesss of sowing are 13500-16000 cave/mu；
D () overlay film: the upper overlay film of sowing row, timely firming in ditch, keeps the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
In step (b), after pressure of pouring water salt, it is evaporated to carry out soil when soil water content is soil moisture content when more than 75% until moisture and ploughs, apply fertilizer.
Described peanut varieties is that flower educates No. 22, flower educates No. 25 or flower educates No. 36.
Described fertilization mode observes heavy dressing fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers and the micro-fertilizer of boric acid, and its fertilizer used is: decomposed manure 5000～6000 kgs/acre, carbamide 30～40 kgs/acre, general calcium 100～150 kgs/acre, boric acid 1.5～2.0 kgs/acre.
nullThe present invention plants Semen arachidis hypogaeae on salt-soda soil and have employed trench culture film-covering planting mode，It is particularly suited for the heavy salinized Radix Polygalae Crotalarioidis plantation in 0.387%-0.503% of 0-20cm surface soil salinity，Fresh water is pressed salt、Select Salt And Alkali Tolerance peanut varieties、Water furrow planting overlay film、The biologies such as the rational application of fertilizer keep away salt and agronomic measures is kept away salt technology and combined，Make Development of Peanut to after fruiting period，Top layer 0-20cm soil salt content reduces by 9.18%～60.85%，20-40cm soil salt content reduces by 7.64%～50.95%，The heavy salinized Radix Polygalae Crotalarioidis general planting mode compared in flat planting not overlay film，Its output increased 38.27%～60.32%，Individual plant pod number increases by 4.8～6.4，Several 3～5 of the full fruit of individual plant，Plumpness and kernel percent are respectively increased 3.8%～8.5% and 2.8%～5.3%，In achieving, heavy salinized Radix Polygalae Crotalarioidis yield increases substantially.
The method of the present invention is easily controllable, simple, and for optimizing saline-alkali soil area agricultural planting structure, the economic benefit and the social benefit that improve agricultural production are significant.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
1 materials and methods
1.1 experimental cultivar
Select Salt And Alkali Tolerance peanut varieties flower educate No. 22, flower educate No. 25, flower educate No. 36.
1.2 method
Field plot trial, 0-20cm soil layer soil salt content 0.387%-0.503%, 20-40cm soil layer soil salt content 0.234%-0.364% are set, if flat planting not overlay film and trench culture overlay film 2 process, are repeated 3 times, random alignment.
Trench culture overlay film:
(1) press salt spring: before peanut cultivation, level land, repair ridge ditch wholely, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 15.-170m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1-3cm water layer 2-3 days, soil moisture content to reach saturation moisture content, makes topsoil soils salinity ooze the purpose reaching to press salt desalination under deep soil leaching with water；
(2) fertilising: after pressure of pouring water salt, when moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is more than 75%, carry out soil plough, apply fertilizer, dose: decomposed manure 5000～6000 kgs/acre, carbamide 30～40 kgs/acre, general calcium 100～150 kgs/acre, boric acid 1.5～2.0 kgs/acre；
(3) ditched little ridge planting: trenching ridging, repair furrow stalk and ridge, form trench sowing furrow, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 50～55cm, sowing overlay film in ditch, in every ditch, sowing 2 row become 1 ridge, line-spacing 30cm, row spacing 75～80cm, sow when 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reaches 16～17 DEG C, single grain fine sowing or double bunch plantings, single grain fine sowing planting density is maintained at 17500～21000 caves/mu, and double bunch planting thicknesss of sowing are 13500-16000 cave/mu；
(4) overlay film: sowing row overlay film in ditch, timely firming, keeps the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
Flat planting not overlay film:
(1) press salt spring: before peanut cultivation, level land, repair ridge ditch wholely, carry out fresh water irrigation pressure salt, irrigation quantity 150-170m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1-3cm water layer 2-3 days, soil moisture content to reach saturation moisture content, makes topsoil soils salinity ooze the purpose reaching to press salt desalination under deep soil leaching with water；
(2) fertilising: after pressure of pouring water salt, it is evaporated to carry out soil when soil water content is soil moisture content when more than 70% until moisture plough, apply fertilizer, dose: decomposed manure 5000～6000 kgs/acre, carbamide 30～40 kgs/acre, general calcium 100～150 kgs/acre, boric acid 1.5～2.0 kgs/acre；
(3) sowing: pressure is directly sowed behind the whole ground of salt; 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reach 15-17 DEG C and above time sow, use bunch planting, 1 or 2, every cave seed; single grain fine sowing planting density is maintained at 17500～21000 caves/mu, and double bunch planting thicknesss of sowing are 13500-16000 cave/mu.
The same high-yield field of control measures of above-mentioned each process, sowed May 6, JIUYUE 24 days results, statistics peanut pin number, pod number, single fruit number, pod dry weight, plumpness and kernel percent, and within Semen arachidis hypogaeae time of infertility, measured the change of 0-40cm soil layer salinity.
2 results and analysis
Fruit pin number and pod number under 2.1 Different Ways of Planting
Table 1 shows, salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae uses the planting patterns of trench culture overlay film can significantly improve peanut yield, reaches 43.12% compared to the amplification of flat work not overlay film, and the two pod dry weight has pole significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Main reason is that of salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae trench culture overlay film volume increase: on the one hand make first to and second pair of side shoot on fruit pin number, pod number improve, its increase rate is respectively 20.19%, 31.76% and 40.28%, 33.48%；On the other hand, making Semen arachidis hypogaeae individual plant fruit pin number and pod sum increase, individual plant fruit pin and pod number the most averagely increase by 7.7 and 5.9, and amplification is respectively 33.48% and 40.99%；Meanwhile, the trench culture film mulching method of salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae makes individual plant simple grain pod number substantially reduce, and the range of decrease is 14.29%, finally makes individual plant pod heavily increase 18.61g.
Table 1 Different Ways of Planting is on peanut pin and the impact of shell development
Plumpness and kernel percent under 2.2 Different Ways of Planting
Salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae uses the planting patterns of trench culture overlay film can significantly improve plumpness and kernel percent, result of the test shows, the planting patterns of trench culture overlay film is respectively increased 4.81%～8.98% and 2.28%～6.63% than the plumpness under local traditional flat work not film-covering planting mode and kernel percent.
Soil salt content change under 2.3 Different Ways of Planting
Table 2 shows, in heavy salinized Radix Polygalae Crotalarioidis under trench culture film-covering planting mode, in the time of infertility, the change of 0-40cm soil layer soil salt content is significantly different with the change under traditional flat work not film-covering planting mode, being mainly manifested in: (1) Development of Peanut early stage, i.e. emerge to florescence, the 0-40cm soil profile each soil layer salinity under trench culture film-covering planting mode the most substantially reduces, and amplitude of variation is less, its elevation amplitude is 20.70%；Florescence, each soil layer salinity range of decrease was all 13.53%～21.93%.(2) fruiting period is entered to the period of maturation, the regulation effect that soil profile salinity is reduced by the planting patterns of trench culture overlay film substantially shows, fruiting period, is all substantially less than the flat planting patterns making not overlay film to full fruit phase 0-40cm soil layer soil salt content, and satisfy the reduction of fruit phase substantially, this phase 0-40cm soil layer soil salt content mean reduction is 51.40%, the range of decrease average out to 26.15% of this layer of fruiting period.
On the whole, under trench culture film-covering planting mode, Development of Peanut is to after fruiting period, top layer 0-20cm soil salt content is relatively flat to be made not film-covering planting mode and reduces by 9.84%～56.85%, average out to 33.35%, the 20-40cm soil salt content range of decrease is 12.70%～45.95%, and mean reduction is 29.33%.
Table 2 ridge culture overlay film is compared to soil profile salinity increase and decrease situation (%) under flat work not film-covering planting mode
The method of the present invention is easily controllable, simple, and for optimizing saline-alkali soil area agricultural planting structure, the economic benefit and the social benefit that improve agricultural production are significant.
Claims (7)
1. the trench culture film-covering planting mode of a salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A () presses salt wholely: level land, repair ridge ditch, fresh water irrigation, irrigation quantity 150-170m3/ mu, makes earth's surface keep 1-3cm water layer 2-3 days；
B () is applied fertilizer: after pressure of pouring water salt, carry out soil and plough, apply fertilizer when moisture is evaporated to the soil moisture content that soil water content is 70%-80%；
(c) whole ground water furrow planting: trenching ridging, repairing furrow stalk and ridge, form trench sowing furrow, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 50～55cm, sowing overlay film in ditch, in every ditch, sowing 2 row become 1 ridge, line-spacing 30cm, row spacing 75～80cm, 0-10cm soil layer ground temperature reach 16～17 DEG C and above time sow, single grain fine sowing or double bunch plantings, single grain fine sowing planting density is maintained at 17500～21000 caves/mu, and double bunch planting thicknesss of sowing are 13500-16000 cave/mu；
D () overlay film: the upper overlay film of sowing row, timely firming in ditch, keeps the compound film quality that overlay film is tight and higher.
The trench culture film-covering planting mode of salt-soda soil the most according to claim 1 Semen arachidis hypogaeae, it is characterised in that: in step (b), after pressure of pouring water salt, it is evaporated to carry out soil when soil water content is soil moisture content when more than 75% until moisture and ploughs, apply fertilizer.
The trench culture film-covering planting mode of salt-soda soil the most according to claim 1 and 2 Semen arachidis hypogaeae, it is characterised in that: described peanut varieties is that flower educates No. 22, flower educates No. 25 or flower educates No. 36.
4. the trench culture film-covering planting mode of the salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described fertilization mode observes heavy dressing fertilizer, calcareous fertilisers and the micro-fertilizer of boric acid, its fertilizer used is: decomposed manure 5000～6000 kgs/acre, carbamide 30～40 kgs/acre, general calcium 100～150 kgs/acre, boric acid 1.5～2.0 kgs/acre.
5. the trench culture film-covering planting mode of the salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: top layer 0-20cm soil salt content reduces by 9.18%～60.85%, and 20-40cm soil salt content reduces by 7.64%～50.95%.
6. the trench culture film-covering planting mode of the salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae of claim 5, it is characterized in that: compared to the salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae general planting mode of flat planting not overlay film, the method peanut yield of the present invention improves 38.27%～60.32%, individual plant pod number increases by 4.8～6.4, several 3～5 of the full fruit of individual plant, plumpness and kernel percent are respectively increased 3.8%～8.5% and 2.8%～5.3%.
7. the trench culture film-covering planting mode of the salt-soda soil Semen arachidis hypogaeae of claim 6, it is characterised in that: method be applied in heavy salinizedly.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN106332645A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-18 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali land |
| CN106358686A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for planting oil sunflowers in saline-alkali land |
| CN106613221A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land |
| CN106954417A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-07-18 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of heavy salinized tibet milkwort root fertilizing method |
| CN107347411A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-17 | 山东省花生研究所 | Ensure the implantation methods of the saline and alkaline neat seedling of tibet milkwort root full stand |
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| CN106332645A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-18 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali land |
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| CN106613221A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land |
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| CN106954417A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-07-18 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of heavy salinized tibet milkwort root fertilizing method |
| CN107347411A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-17 | 山东省花生研究所 | Ensure the implantation methods of the saline and alkaline neat seedling of tibet milkwort root full stand |
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Application publication date: 20160727 |