CN104365303A - Method of peanut high-yield cultivation by film covering - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of peanut high-yield cultivation by film covering. The method is characterized by including the steps of 1, preparing land; 2, applying fertilizers; 3, performing ridging; 4, selecting seeds; 5, mixing the seeds with rhizobia; 6, sowing the seeds; 7, removing weeds; 8, applying film; 9, loosening earth; and 10, performing topdressing. For the peanut cultivated by method, fruiting rate of single peanut plants can be increased by 10.6-15.3%, the number of pods per kilogram is decreased by 6.5-14.3%, rate of full pods and kernel rate are increased by 2.5-6.5% and 2.4-4.7% respectively, and yield is increased by 22.2-37.2%; film covering helps increase temperature, hold the temperature and preserve moisture and is good for healthy growth of peanuts. The method has the advantages that the method is simple, farmers can easily master the method, peanut yield is high, production cost is low, and considerable economic benefit is brought to the framers.

Description

A kind of high-yield peanut film-covering planting method

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of high-yield peanut film-covering planting method.

Background technology

Peanut has another name called peanut, belongs to Papilionaceae Arachis annual herb plant.Originate in south Americaone band.The country of cultivating peanut in the world has more than 100, asiathe most general, be secondaryly africa.According to chinaabout peanut document record cultivation history about early than europemore than 100 year.Peanut is described as " Vegetable meat " by people, and oil content is up to 50%, best in quality, smell delicate fragrance.Except edible, also for printing and dyeing, paper industry.Peanut is also a herb, the disease such as be suitable for malnutritive, taste imbalance, cough asthma due to excessive phlegm, milk lack.The cultivation management technology of peanut is also relatively strong.

Research shows that oleic acid content of peanuts increases gradually along with reaching maturity of seed benevolence, particularly Post flowering 60 days, oleic acid content of peanuts gathers way the fastest, the mainly linoleic acid of peanut kernel early development synthesis, the mainly oleic acid of middle and later periods accumulation, the ripe seed benevolence oleic acid content that reaches full growth is the highest, suitably receives evening, and improving seed benevolence plumpness is improve a key factor of oleic acid content.Also there are some researches show, oleic acid content of peanuts and the peanut Sheng phase soil temperature that is in the milk is remarkable positive correlation, and soil temperature is higher, and oleic acid content is higher, therefore in order to improve oleic acid content of peanuts, must improve soil temperature in peanut cultivation process.

In recent years, China's peanut export trade presents the trend of minimizing generally.This main and China's export peanut cultivation and preliminary working are throughout huge numbers of families, culture technique level is low, production management and process control perfect not, being mainly manifested in peanut pod that common cultivation method produces and seed benevolence, to meet the ratio of export standard low, volt fruit decayed fruit and the fruit that germinates many, the residual reason such as seriously of agriculture.

Peanut is the main oil crop of China and economic crops, along with the increase of population, and the increase of demand, the continuous decline of arable area, ground contradiction striven by grain and oil, how to develop output high, production cost is low, and the peanut cultivation method that comprehensive benefit is good has great importance.

Summary of the invention

For solving deficiency of the prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of high-yield peanut film-covering planting method, and it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

(1) wholely: select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, before autumn after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds;

(2) apply fertilizer: mu executes the fertile 2700-2900 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer is the 1/3-1/2 of chicken manure fertilizer, and every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 12-16 kg, urea 12-16 kg, potassium sulfate 16-20 kg;

(3) making ridge: turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 42-44cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22-24cm, ridge face width 16-18cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time;

(4) choose seeds: seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedfull, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 22, flower educates the one-level of No. 25 or E12 new varieties, the large grain of secondary is planted;

(5) rhizobiumseed dressing: every 667 square metres of sowing quantities add rhizobium powder 25-28g, and bacterium powder adds clear water 135-165ml furnishing bacterium liquid, mixes equably on seed;

(6) sow: the wide 43-45cm of furrow, in furrow, equidistantly sow in every two, cave, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 33-35cm of this two row peanut;

(7) weeding: spray herbicide second Bi amine, every 667 square metres of consumption 40-50ml, spray water 160-180kg, make soil conservation moistening;

(8) overlay film: be width 35-38cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 20-25cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005-0.006 mm, and earthing becomes the little ridge that 10-12cm is wide, 6-8cm is high on the face of seeding belt;

(9) loosen the soil: shovel one time when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet leaf with hoe, remove the early stage weeds of part, and dredge field irrigation canals and ditches, ensure that rainwater is unimpeded, prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings, and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil at 40-50%;

(10) topdress: Post flowering sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.3-0.5% for 7 weeks, every minor tick 7-8 days, every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 20-25g, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds.

The beneficial effect of the invention:

Use the peanut of this method plantation, per plant number can improve 10.6-15.3%, and a kilogram fruit number reduces 6.5-14.3%, and plumpness and kernel percent improve 2.5-6.5% and 2.4-4.7% respectively, volume increase 22.2-37.2%.Covering with plastic film plays heating effect, can guide in soil moisture and move, and also salinity is taken in ridge simultaneously, the salt in soil is more focused on ridge, reduces salt content in ditch; The heat and moisture preserving effect of mulch film simultaneously, is conducive to the fertility of peanut stalwartness, improves salt resistance.This cultivation method is simple, and peasant easily grasps, and peanut yield is high, and production cost is low, brings considerable economic benefit to peasant.

embodiment 1

Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, before autumn after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds; Mu executes fertile 2700 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer 900kg, every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 12kg, urea 12kg, potassium sulfate 16 kg; Turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 42cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22cm, ridge face width 16cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time; Seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedone-level, the large grain of secondary that full, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 22 are planted; Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities add rhizobium powder 25g, and bacterium powder adds clear water 135ml furnishing bacterium liquid, mixes equably on seed; The wide 43cm of furrow, in furrow, equidistantly sow in every two, cave, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 33m of this two row peanut; Spray herbicide second Bi amine, every 667 square metres of consumption 40ml, spray water 160kg, make soil conservation moistening; Be width 35cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 20cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005mm, and on the face of seeding belt, earthing becomes the little ridge that 10cm is wide, 6cm is high; Shovel one time when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet leaf with hoe, remove the early stage weeds of part, and dredge field irrigation canals and ditches, ensure that rainwater is unimpeded, prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings, and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil 40%; Post flowering sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.3% for 7 weeks, every minor tick 7 days, and every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 20g, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds.

embodiment 2

Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, before autumn after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds; Mu executes fertile 2700 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer 900kg, every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 12kg, urea 12kg, potassium sulfate 16 kg; Turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 42cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22cm, ridge face width 16cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time; Seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedone-level, the large grain of secondary that full, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 25 are planted; Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities add rhizobium powder 25g, and bacterium powder adds clear water 135ml furnishing bacterium liquid, mixes equably on seed; The wide 43cm of furrow, in furrow, equidistantly sow in every two, cave, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 33m of this two row peanut; Spray herbicide second Bi amine, every 667 square metres of consumption 40ml, spray water 160kg, make soil conservation moistening; Be width 35cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 20cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005mm, and on the face of seeding belt, earthing becomes the little ridge that 10cm is wide, 6cm is high; Shovel one time when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet leaf with hoe, remove the early stage weeds of part, and dredge field irrigation canals and ditches, ensure that rainwater is unimpeded, prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings, and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil 40%; Post flowering sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.3% for 7 weeks, every minor tick 7 days, and every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 20g, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds.

Test of the present invention in 2011 contrasts as table 1 with prior art

Table 1 the present invention is on the impact of output economical character

Table 1 result shows, compared with contrast peanut, this invention can make per plant number improve 10.6-15.1%, and a kilogram fruit number reduces 6.5-14.1%, and plumpness and kernel percent improve 2.5-6.3% and 2.4-4.3% respectively, volume increase 22.2-37.0%.

embodiment 3

Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, before autumn after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds; Mu executes fertile 2900 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer 1000kg, every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 16 kg, urea 16 kg, potassium sulfate 20 kg; Turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 44cm, the new ridge of ridge height 24cm, ridge face width 18cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time; Seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedone-level, the large grain of secondary that full, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 22 are planted; Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities add rhizobium powder 28g, and bacterium powder adds clear water 165ml furnishing bacterium liquid, mixes equably on seed; The wide 45cm of furrow, in furrow, equidistantly sow in every two, cave, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 35cm of this two row peanut; Spray herbicide second Bi amine, every 667 square metres of consumption 50ml, spray water 180kg, make soil conservation moistening; Be width 38cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 25cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.006 mm, and on the face of seeding belt, earthing becomes the little ridge that 12cm is wide, 8cm is high; Shovel one time when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet leaf with hoe, remove the early stage weeds of part, and dredge field irrigation canals and ditches, ensure that rainwater is unimpeded, prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings, and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil 50%; Post flowering sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 3 times of 0.5% for 7 weeks, every minor tick 7 days, and every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 25g, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds.

embodiment 4

Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, before autumn after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds; Mu executes fertile 2900 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer 1000kg, every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 16 kg, urea 16 kg, potassium sulfate 20 kg; Turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 44cm, the new ridge of ridge height 24cm, ridge face width 18cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time; Seed selection benevolence large and neat, seedone-level, the large grain of secondary that full, not have mechanical damage high gas oil ratio peanut flower educates No. 25 are planted; Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities add rhizobium powder 28g, and bacterium powder adds clear water 165ml furnishing bacterium liquid, mixes equably on seed; The wide 45cm of furrow, in furrow, equidistantly sow in every two, cave, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 35cm of this two row peanut; Spray herbicide second Bi amine, every 667 square metres of consumption 50ml, spray water 180kg, make soil conservation moistening; Be width 38cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 25cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.006 mm, and on the face of seeding belt, earthing becomes the little ridge that 12cm is wide, 8cm is high; Shovel one time when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet leaf with hoe, remove the early stage weeds of part, and dredge field irrigation canals and ditches, ensure that rainwater is unimpeded, prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings, and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil 50%; Post flowering sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 3 times of 0.5% for 7 weeks, every minor tick 7 days, and every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 25g, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds.

Within 2012, test invention technology contrasts as table 2 with prior art

Table 2 the present invention is on the impact of output economical character

Table 2 result shows, compared with contrast peanut, this invention can make per plant number improve 11.8-15.3%, and a kilogram fruit number reduces 7.0-14.3%, and plumpness and kernel percent improve 3.7-6.5% and 3.1-4.7% respectively, volume increase 22.6-37.2%.

Comprehensive above-described embodiment can be found out, compared with contrast peanut, the present invention can make per plant number improve 10.6-15.3%, and a kilogram fruit number reduces 6.5-14.3%, and plumpness and kernel percent improve 2.5-6.5% and 2.4-4.7% respectively, volume increase 22.2-37.2%.

Claims (1)

1. a high-yield peanut film-covering planting method, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

(1) wholely: select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grub, nematode and other soil insect plot, before autumn after stubble harvesting, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds;

(2) apply fertilizer: mu executes the fertile 2700-2900 kg of the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed; Film-coated controlled release fertilizer is the 1/3-1/2 of chicken manure fertilizer, and every chicken manure mu executes diammonium phosphate 12-16 kg, urea 12-16 kg, potassium sulfate 16-20 kg;

(3) making ridge: turn over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time and make row spacing 42-44cm, the new ridge of ridge height 22-24cm, ridge face width 16-18cm, jolt-squeezes after ridge forming in time;

(4) choose seeds: large and neat, the full seed of seed selection benevolence, there is no that the high gas oil ratio peanut of mechanical damage flower educates No. 22, flower educates the one-level of No. 25 or E12 new varieties, the large grain of secondary is planted;

(5) rhizobium seed dressing: every 667 square metres of sowing quantities add rhizobium powder 25-28g, and bacterium powder adds clear water 135-165ml furnishing bacterium liquid, mixes equably on seed;

(6) sow: the wide 43-45cm of furrow, in furrow, equidistantly sow in every two, cave, broadcasts two row peanuts, the line-spacing 33-35cm of this two row peanut;

(7) weeding: spray herbicide second Bi amine, every 667 square metres of consumption 40-50ml, spray water 160-180kg, make soil conservation moistening;

(8) overlay film: be width 35-38cm white in the middle of covering, both sides are the black of 20-25cm, and thickness is at the mulch film of 0.005-0.006 mm, and earthing becomes the little ridge that 10-12cm is wide, 6-8cm is high on the face of seeding belt;

(9) loosen the soil: shovel one time when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet leaf with hoe, remove the early stage weeds of part, and dredge field irrigation canals and ditches, ensure that rainwater is unimpeded, prevention waterlogging is kept a full stand of seedings, and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil at 40-50%;

(10) topdress: Post flowering sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.3-0.5% for 7 weeks, every minor tick 7-8 days, every mu sprays the strong full peace growth regulator of 20-25g, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds.