Background technology
Peanut is important oil crop of China and economic crops." during "the 10th five-years" " the average cultivated area of China's peanut is about 5,000,000 hectares, and about 1,400 ten thousand tons of output rank first in the world, and account for more than 40% of Gross World Product.Peanut is one of traditional large agricultural product of outlet of China, exports to more than 100 countries and regions, 77.8 ten thousand tons of annual export volumes, about more than 600,000,000 dollars.For many years, peanut of China and (Groundnut products) occupy an important position in world's peanut export trade.The statistics of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) shows, 2000~2005 years, China shelled, reach 29.8%, 33.9% and 44.6% with the total volume of exports of shell and processing peanut respectively in the similar peanut in the world and the (Groundnut products) export trade.In recent years, China's peanut export trade presents the trend of minimizing generally.This trend will continue in one period from now on.The prediction of U.S.'s grain and agricultural policy research association shows, in 2008/09 year, except that peanut dregs, the net export of China's raw material peanut and peanut oil estimates that wherein, raw material peanut net export will reduce 7.4% than minimizing was all arranged in 2007/08 year.This is main and China's oleic acid content of peanuts is low, the peanut nutrition poor quality, and storage endurance not, competitiveness is not high relevant in the international market.
Its fatty acid composition of peanut and shelf life, nutrition and healthy closely related.Peanut fatty acid is formed following characteristics: the two accounts for about 80% of fatty acid total amount arachic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2); Palmitic acid (16:0) is about in the of 10%; Stearic acid (18:0), arachidic acid (20:0), mountain Yu acid (22:0), lignoceric acid (24:0) content are generally more than 1%.The peanut that oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio is high, anti-oxidant, be difficult for brownization, storage property is good.High oleic acid meals can reduce harmful LDL-C (LDL) level, improve useful HDL-C (HDL) level.
Studies show that oleic acid content of peanuts is along with reaching maturity of seed benevolence increases gradually, particularly bloomed back 60 days, oleic acid content of peanuts gathers way the fastest, what the peanut kernel early development was synthetic mainly is linoleic acid, and what the middle and later periods accumulated mainly is oleic acid, and the ripe seed benevolence oleic acid content that reaches full growth is the highest, suitably receive evening, improving seed benevolence plumpness is to improve a key factor of oleic acid content (fatty acid accumulation law research in the peanut kernel growth course, peanut journal, 2009 the 2nd phases).There are some researches show that also oleic acid content of peanuts and peanut grouting Sheng phase soil temperature are remarkable positive correlation, soil temperature is high more, and oleic acid content is high more, therefore in order to improve oleic acid content of peanuts, must improve soil temperature in the peanut cultivation process.
Summary of the invention:
The oleic acid content of peanuts defective on the low side that causes at current China traditional cultivation method, analyze simultaneously and cause oleic acid content reason on the low side, the invention provides a kind of cultivation method that improves oleic acid content of peanuts, experiment shows, this method is simple, production cost is low, and comprehensive benefit is good, has brought considerable economic for peasant and export and processing enterprise.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
Select high oleic acid new peanut variety for use, proper seeding covers chequered with black and white mulch film, applying organic manure, and inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer mix use, and the later stage sprays foliage fertilizer, adopts chemical regulation measure and irrigation practice to increase soil temperature.
Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties have flower to educate 19 and F18, and high oleic acid small pod peanut new varieties have flower to educate 32 and E12.The Yellow River and Huai He River seaflower production area spring sowing peanut is in sowing on 20-April 30 April, and wheat and peanut interplant is in sowing on May 10 to May 25, and summer direct-seeding peanut was sowed in May 30 to June 5.Cover chequered with black and white mulch film, the 30-40 cm width is white in the middle of the mulch film, and both sides each 25-30 centimetre mulch film is a black, and the thickness of mulch film is at the 0.004-0.007 millimeter, and the mulch film width is at 80-100 centimetre.Execute chicken manure 6500-7500 kilogram for every mu.Finger mu is executed phosphorus pentoxide 10-15 kilogram, purity nitrogen 10-15 kilogram, potassium oxide 12-18 kilogram; The ratio of inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer is 1/3-2/3.The back of blooming sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 2-3 time of 0.3%-0.5% 6-8 week, each interval 8-10 days.Spray the strong full peaceful long conditioning agent of 15-25 gram, the excessive growth of control peanut plant every mu of peanut growth later stage.Adopt irrigation practice to be meant and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil at 40%-60%.Use the peanut of this method plantation, the peanut per mu yield improves the 20-40 kilogram, and oleic acid content of peanuts improves 3%-10%, utilizes this cultivation method plantation peanut to have good economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
Present embodiment is for the ease of understanding the present invention, and claim that does not limit the present invention in any way and core content.
Embodiment 1
Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties flower educates 19, and the spring sowing peanut was sowed April 30.Cover chequered with black and white mulch film, 30 cm widths are white in the middle of the mulch film, and each 25 centimetres of mulch film of both sides are black, and the thickness of mulch film is at 0.005 millimeter, and the mulch film width is at 80 centimetres.Execute 6500 kilograms of chicken manures for every mu.Mu is executed 10 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 10 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of potassium oxides; The ratio of inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer is 2/3.The back of blooming sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 6 weeks 2 times, each 8 days at interval.Spray the strong full peaceful long conditioning agent of 15 grams, the excessive growth of control peanut plant every mu of peanut growth later stage.Adopt irrigation practice to be meant and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 40%.
The common cultivation method, select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties flower educates 19, and May 5 sowed in spring, and covered white mulch film, and mu is executed 4000 kilograms of chicken manures, and mu is executed 10 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 10 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 12 kilograms of potassium oxides.Inapplicable film-coated controlled release fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer, does not spray strong full peace.
The result shows the peanut that uses this method plantation, and flower is educated No. 19 per mu yields and improved 20 kilograms than common cultivation method, and oleic acid content of peanuts improves 5%.
Embodiment 2
Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties flower educates 32.The spring sowing peanut was sowed April 30.Cover chequered with black and white mulch film, 40 cm widths are white in the middle of the mulch film, and each 30 centimetres of mulch film of both sides are black, and the thickness of mulch film is at 0.004 millimeter, and the mulch film width is at 100 centimetres.Execute 7500 kilograms of chicken manures for every mu.Mu is executed 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 18 kilograms of potassium oxides; The ratio of inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer is 1/3.The back of blooming sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 8 weeks 3 times, each 10 days at interval.Spray the strong full peaceful long conditioning agent of 25 grams, the excessive growth of control peanut plant every mu of peanut growth later stage.Adopt irrigation practice to be meant and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 55%.
The common cultivation method, select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties flower educates 32, and May 5 sowed in spring, and covered white mulch film, and mu is executed 7500 kilograms of chicken manures, and mu is executed 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 18 kilograms of potassium oxides.Inapplicable film-coated controlled release fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer, does not spray strong full peace.
The result shows the peanut that uses this method plantation, and flower is educated No. 32 per mu yields and improved 23 kilograms than common cultivation method, and oleic acid content of peanuts improves 5.4%.
Embodiment 3
Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties F18.Wheat is enclosed within sowing on May 20.Cover chequered with black and white mulch film, 30 cm widths are white in the middle of the mulch film, and each 30 centimetres of mulch film of both sides are black, and the thickness of mulch film is at 0.007 millimeter, and the mulch film width is at 90 centimetres.Execute 7500 kilograms of chicken manures for every mu.Mu is executed 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 18 kilograms of potassium oxides; The ratio of inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer is 1/3.The back of blooming sprays 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 8 weeks 2 times, each 10 days at interval.Spray the strong full peaceful long conditioning agent of 20 grams, the excessive growth of control peanut plant every mu of peanut growth later stage.Adopt irrigation practice to be meant and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 50%.
The common cultivation method, select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties F18, May 20, the wheat cover covered white mulch film, and mu is executed 4500 kilograms of chicken manures, and mu is executed 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 18 kilograms of potassium oxides.Inapplicable film-coated controlled release fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer, does not spray strong full peace.
The result shows the peanut that uses this method plantation, and the F18 per mu yield improves 30 kilograms than common cultivation method, and oleic acid content of peanuts improves 8%.
Embodiment 4
Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties E12.Wheat is enclosed within sowing on May 20.Cover chequered with black and white mulch film, 35 cm widths are white in the middle of the mulch film, and each 28 centimetres of mulch film of both sides are black, and the thickness of mulch film is at 0.005 millimeter, and the mulch film width is at 85 centimetres.Execute 7000 kilograms of chicken manures for every mu.Mu is executed 13 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 14 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 15 kilograms of potassium oxides; The ratio of inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer is 1/2.The back of blooming sprays 0.35% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 7 weeks 3 times, each 9 days at interval.Spray the strong full peaceful long conditioning agent of 15 grams, the excessive growth of control peanut plant every mu of peanut growth later stage.Adopt irrigation practice to be meant and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 60%.
The common cultivation method, select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties E12, May 20, the wheat cover covered white mulch film, and mu is executed 4500 kilograms of chicken manures, and mu is executed 15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 15 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 18 kilograms of potassium oxides.Inapplicable film-coated controlled release fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer, does not spray strong full peace.
The result shows the peanut that uses this method plantation, and the E12 per mu yield improves 30 kilograms than common cultivation method, and oleic acid content of peanuts improves 8.5%.
Embodiment 5
Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid small pod peanut new varieties flower educates 32.Summer is live to be sowed June 1.Cover chequered with black and white mulch film, 30 cm widths are white in the middle of the mulch film, and each 25 centimetres of mulch film of both sides are black, and the thickness of mulch film is at 0.006 millimeter, and the mulch film width is at 80 centimetres.Execute 7000 kilograms of chicken manures for every mu.Mu is executed 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 12 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 15 kilograms of potassium oxides; The ratio of inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer is 1/2.The back of blooming sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 7 weeks 3 times, each 8 days at interval.Spray the strong full peaceful long conditioning agent of 25 grams, the excessive growth of control peanut plant every mu of peanut growth later stage.Adopt irrigation practice to be meant and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 60%.
The common cultivation method, select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties F18, summer June 5 is live, covers white mulch film, and mu is executed 4500 kilograms of chicken manures, and mu is executed 12 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 12 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 15 kilograms of potassium oxides.Inapplicable film-coated controlled release fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer, does not spray strong full peace.
The result shows the peanut that uses this method plantation, and flower is educated No. 32 per mu yields and improved 35 kilograms than common cultivation method, and oleic acid content of peanuts improves 9.2%.
Embodiment 6
Select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid major peanut new varieties E1.Wheat is enclosed within sowing on May 20.Cover chequered with black and white mulch film, 30 cm widths are white in the middle of the mulch film, and each 25 centimetres of mulch film of both sides are black, and the thickness of mulch film is at 0.005 millimeter, and the mulch film width is at 80 centimetres.Execute 7200 kilograms of chicken manures for every mu.Mu is executed 13 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 13 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 16 kilograms of potassium oxides; The ratio of inorganic fertilizer and film-coated controlled release fertilizer is 1/3.The back of blooming sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 6 weeks 2 times, each 10 days at interval.Spray the strong full peaceful long conditioning agent of 15 grams, the excessive growth of control peanut plant every mu of peanut growth later stage.Adopt irrigation practice to be meant and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 60%.
The common cultivation method, select draining, water water condition relatively good, be rich in sandy soil with organic, do not multiply a large amount of grubs, nematode and other soil insect plot and plant high oleic acid new peanut variety.High oleic acid small pod peanut new varieties E12, May 20, the wheat cover covered white mulch film, and mu is executed 4500 kilograms of chicken manures, and mu is executed 13 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, 13 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 16 kilograms of potassium oxides.Inapplicable film-coated controlled release fertilizer does not spray foliage fertilizer, does not spray strong full peace.
The result shows the peanut that uses this method plantation, and the E12 per mu yield improves 40 kilograms than common cultivation method, and oleic acid content of peanuts improves 10%.