CN104541820A - Film-mulched planting method for millet - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a film-mulched planting method for millet. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a field; (2) pretreating the planting field; (3) carrying out site preparation and fertilization; (4) selecting seeds; (5) treating the seeds; (6) planting; (7) watering; (8) fertilizing; (9) thinning; (10) weeding. According to the method, by using the mulching film penetrating capability of germs or radicle of the seeds, the seeds are enabled to automatically break the films and emerge seedlings, so that the labor intensity is lowered, the production cost is reduced, and the productivity is increased; the product obtained is good in millet quality and golden yellow in color, and cooked millet is soft and palatable and is thick in faint-scent fragrance; millet straws are the best feed for livestock and poultry, so that additional benefit can be increased; the millet is good in storage resistance and has the characteristics of extensive adaptability and pest and disease resistance, drought resistance, lodging resistance, low-temperature resistance and the like.

Description

A kind of millet film-covering planting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of planting of seed, be specifically related to a kind of millet film-covering planting method.

Background technology

Millet is annual herb plant.Fibrous root is thick.Stalk is sturdy, uprightly, and high 0.1-1 rice or higher.Property happiness high temperature, fertility thermophilic 22 ~ 30 degree, height above sea level 1000 meters below is all applicable cultivates, and belongs to drought-enduring stable yields crop.Originate in China, have at north of China and plant more widely.

Serious in northern China most area arid in recent years, the dry field farming produce amounts such as corn are very unstable, and benefit starts to decline.For this reason, some areas start progressively to plant millet, and owing to utilizing old kind and all adopting traditional live dense planting method plantation, output is always very low, and rice matter is not good, ineffective.

At present, in dry crop, exceed corn without any a kind of dry land cereal crops in output He in benefit, although upland rice is cultivated successfully, too large by natural environmental condition restriction, general dry land agricultural region all can not be cultivated.Millet is wide adaptability not only, and takes wide rare-planting technique of broadcasting that output can be made to exceed corn, and with the input lower than corn one times, exceeds the income of corn more than 2 times.Therefore completely can establishing in large scale in soil Pin Ji district, thus replacement of corn.

Crop mulching films planting technology is extensively promoted in China, after planting uses mulch film mulching soil, plays raising ground temperature, keep soil moisture, reduce the effect such as weeds in field and water and soil loss, the growth and development process of crops can be promoted, substantially increase the output of unit are.But, emerging of current crop mulching films plantation, main by artificial or mechanical rupture of membranes.Above-mentioned technology is punched on mulch film, and to put seedling labour intensity large, takes a lot of work, time-consuming, and production efficiency is low, and operating cost is high.

Probing into the plumule that how to rely on crop seeds and radicle just can self-mulching-pricking, has great importance.Thus significantly reducing labour intensity, saving of labor, save time, production efficiency is high, and cost is low.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of millet film-covering planting method, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

(1) selection of land: selection soil layer is deep, short texture, many containing humus, well-drained light husky alkaline earth earth;

(2) pretreatment of planting site: after preceding crop results, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds, then burns ground, seedbed with things such as wheat root, straws, eliminates and kill germ and worm's ovum;

(3) site preparation and fertilization: autumn turns over 22-24cm, spring is shallow again turns over thin rake, and the degree of depth of ploughing is 16-18cm, while turning over, applies the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed fertile, turns over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time, jolt-squeeze in time after ridge forming;

(4) choose seeds: the selected national high-quality millet adopting Ministry of Agriculture's evaluation, the time of infertility 90-95 days;

(5) seed treatment: the salt solution that the seed chosen puts into 7-8% is soaked 4-5h, salt solution and seed rate are 3:1; Indoor drying place, cool place is stored in after leaching is good; Prior to seeding, bask seeds seed-grain 2-3 days in the sun;

(6) plant: executed fertilizer accomplish fluently ridge plot sowing, large ridge is wide to be broadcast, and ridge bottom width is 60-65cm, and ridge top width is 33-35cm, shallow trench digging is taked in sowing, wide sowing, first dibbling after trench digging, trench digging width is 15-17cm, trench depth is 3-4cm, cover the mulch film that thickness is 0. 008-0. 02mm, the thick 2-3 cm of earthing, wide 3-5 cm on mulch film;

(7) water: on the mulch film of earthing, water a rudiment water, at Germination period, water by the principle of " watering duty less to water ", bird pest be prevented;

(8) apply fertilizer: after seedling all sprouts, every mu of total fertilization amount is 50kg, and all as base manure, fertilizer executes 30kg, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is joined and is executed 20kg;

(9) thinning: start artificial hoe when paddy seedling grows to 4-5 sheet leaf and open seedling (thinning), all stay individual plant, spacing in the rows 13-15cm, seedling 12-14 strain is stayed in every square metre of guarantee, is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, mends cultivation in time and is short of seedling;

(10) weeding: when millet enters booting stage, every mu is watered 50 kilograms with prestige despot 50ml and sprays in the little careless 3-4 leaf phase, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds and hybrid strain.

The beneficial effect of the invention:

With this kind of implantation methods, after planting use mulch film mulching soil, play raising ground temperature, keep soil moisture, reduce the effect such as weeds in field and water and soil loss, the growth and development process of crops can be promoted, substantially increase the output of unit are.But rely on the plumule of crop seeds and radicle just can self-mulching-pricking, significantly can reduce labour intensity, saving of labor, to save time, production efficiency is high, and cost is low.And the product rice matter obtained is good, golden yellow color, rice is soft agreeable to the taste, and fragrant is dense.By the contrast of corn with high yield district, Nan Shu town, Laixi City, Shandong Province, millet net income can at every mu more than 1600 yuan.And millet straw is the optimum feed of livestock and poultry, additional benefit can be increased income.This millet cereal storage stability is good, can store and never degenerate for more than 50 years under conventional environment.This kind has adaptability and disease and insect resistance widely, drought-resistant, resistant to lodging, the features such as anti-low temperature.Grain-production can be described as the mankind's one are contributed greatly.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Selection soil layer is deep, short texture, many containing humus, well-drained light husky alkaline earth earth, after preceding crop results, removes the thing such as stalk, weeds, then uses the things such as wheat root, straw with burning seedbed, eliminates and kill germ and worm's ovum; Autumn turns over 22cm, and spring is shallow again turns over thin rake, and the degree of depth of ploughing is 16cm, while turning over, applies the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed fertile, turns over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time, jolt-squeeze in time after ridge forming; The selected national high-quality millet adopting Ministry of Agriculture's evaluation, the 95 days time of infertility; The salt solution that the seed chosen puts into 7% is soaked 4h, and salt solution and seed rate are 3:1; Indoor drying place, cool place is stored in after leaching is good; Prior to seeding, seed-grain is basked seeds in the sun 2 days; Executed fertilizer accomplish fluently ridge plot sowing, large ridge is wide to be broadcast, and ridge bottom width is 60cm, and ridge top width is 33cm, sowing takes shallow trench digging, wide sowing, first dibbling after trench digging, and trench digging width is 15cm, trench depth is 3cm, covers the mulch film that thickness is 0. 01mm, thick 2 cm of earthing, wide 3 cm on mulch film; The mulch film of earthing waters a rudiment water, at Germination period, waters by the principle of " watering duty less to water ", bird pest be prevented; After seedling all sprouts, every mu of total fertilization amount is 50kg, and all as base manure, fertilizer executes 30kg, and composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is joined and executed 20kg; Start artificial hoe when paddy seedling grows to 4-5 sheet leaf and open seedling (thinning), all stay individual plant, spacing in the rows 13cm, seedling 12 strain is stayed in every square metre of guarantee, is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, mends cultivation in time and is short of seedling; When millet enters booting stage, every mu is watered 50 kilograms with prestige despot 50ml and sprays in the little careless 3-4 leaf phase, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds and hybrid strain.

Embodiment 2

Selection soil layer is deep, short texture, many containing humus, well-drained light husky alkaline earth earth, after preceding crop results, removes the thing such as stalk, weeds, then uses the things such as wheat root, straw with burning seedbed, eliminates and kill germ and worm's ovum; Autumn turns over 24cm, and spring is shallow again turns over thin rake, and the degree of depth of ploughing is 18cm, while turning over, applies the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed fertile, turns over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time, jolt-squeeze in time after ridge forming; The selected national high-quality millet adopting Ministry of Agriculture's evaluation, the 95 days time of infertility; The salt solution that the seed chosen puts into 8% is soaked 5h, and salt solution and seed rate are 3:1; Indoor drying place, cool place is stored in after leaching is good; Prior to seeding, seed-grain is basked seeds in the sun 3 days; Executed fertilizer accomplish fluently ridge plot sowing, large ridge is wide to be broadcast, and ridge bottom width is 65cm, and ridge top width is 35cm, sowing takes shallow trench digging, wide sowing, first dibbling after trench digging, and trench digging width is 17cm, trench depth is 4cm, covers the mulch film that thickness is 0. 02mm, thick 3 cm of earthing, wide 5 cm on mulch film; The mulch film of earthing waters a rudiment water, at Germination period, waters by the principle of " watering duty less to water ", bird pest be prevented; After seedling all sprouts, every mu of total fertilization amount is 50kg, and all as base manure, fertilizer executes 30kg, and composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is joined and executed 20kg; Start artificial hoe when paddy seedling grows to 4-5 sheet leaf and open seedling (thinning), all stay individual plant, spacing in the rows 15cm, seedling 14 strain is stayed in every square metre of guarantee, is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, mends cultivation in time and is short of seedling; When millet enters booting stage, every mu is watered 50 kilograms with prestige despot 50ml and sprays in the little careless 3-4 leaf phase, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds and hybrid strain.

Under equal ambient condition, adopt culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield plantation millet and corn Efficiency Comparison, see the following form:

The millet corn benefit table of comparisons

Claims (1)

1. a millet film-covering planting method, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:

(1) selection of land: selection soil layer is deep, short texture, many containing humus, well-drained light husky alkaline earth earth;

(2) pretreatment of planting site: after preceding crop results, remove the thing such as stalk, weeds, then burns ground, seedbed with things such as wheat root, straws, eliminates and kill germ and worm's ovum;

(3) site preparation and fertilization: autumn turns over 22-24cm, spring is shallow again turns over thin rake, and the degree of depth of ploughing is 16-18cm, while turning over, applies the chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed fertile, turns over rear making ridge of raking the soil level in time, jolt-squeeze in time after ridge forming;

(4) choose seeds: the selected national high-quality millet adopting Ministry of Agriculture's evaluation, the time of infertility 90-95 days;

(5) seed treatment: the salt solution that the seed chosen puts into 7-8% is soaked 4-5h, salt solution and seed rate are 3:1; Indoor drying place, cool place is stored in after leaching is good; Prior to seeding, bask seeds seed-grain 2-3 days in the sun;

(6) plant: executed fertilizer accomplish fluently ridge plot sowing, large ridge is wide to be broadcast, and ridge bottom width is 60-65cm, and ridge top width is 33-35cm, shallow trench digging is taked in sowing, wide sowing, first dibbling after trench digging, trench digging width is 15-17cm, trench depth is 3-4cm, cover the mulch film that thickness is 0. 008-0. 02mm, the thick 2-3 cm of earthing, wide 3-5 cm on mulch film;

(7) water: on the mulch film of earthing, water a rudiment water, at Germination period, water by the principle of " watering duty less to water ", bird pest be prevented;

(8) apply fertilizer: after seedling all sprouts, every mu of total fertilization amount is 50kg, and all as base manure, fertilizer executes 30kg, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is joined and is executed 20kg;

(9) thinning: start artificial hoe when paddy seedling grows to 4-5 sheet leaf and open seedling (thinning), all stay individual plant, spacing in the rows 13-15cm, seedling 12-14 strain is stayed in every square metre of guarantee, is beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, mends cultivation in time and is short of seedling;

(10) weeding: when millet enters booting stage, every mu is watered 50 kilograms with prestige despot 50ml and sprays in the little careless 3-4 leaf phase, and prevent and kill off standing grain herbaceous weed, artificial dialling is cut weeds and hybrid strain.