CN105409522A - Rice yield-increasing cultivation method - Google Patents
Rice yield-increasing cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105409522A CN105409522A CN201510835359.5A CN201510835359A CN105409522A CN 105409522 A CN105409522 A CN 105409522A CN 201510835359 A CN201510835359 A CN 201510835359A CN 105409522 A CN105409522 A CN 105409522A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice high-yielding cultivation method applicable to arid environment of Xinjiang and belongs to the technical field of paddy planting and cultivating. According to a rice yield-increasing cultivation method disclosed by the invention, advanced agricultural cultivation techniques are integrated, and mechanized film laying, drip irrigation zone laying and precision dibbling are completed in one time; and drip irrigation is implemented in a whole growing period, and fertilizer application is completed along with drip irrigation as required. By the technology, warming and soil moisture preserving can be achieved, the growth and development of paddy are promoted, and the ripening period is advanced by 10-15 days; by film mulching, weeds under films cannot grow, and a weeding procedure is avoided or reduced; due to the precision dibbling, trouble caused by artificial thinning and final singling is avoided; and in the whole growing period, fertilizer and water management is carried out according to the water and fertilizer needing rules and requirements of the paddy, so that water and fertilizers are saved. The technology disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high integrated artificial controllability, precise cultivation and remarkable yield increasing effect, is beneficial to high-quality production and quality guarantee and is a cultivating mode for achieving the mechanized, large-scale, modernized, simplified and high-efficiency production of rice.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to millet planting and technical field of cultivation, particularly millet yield-increasing cultivation method.
Background technology
Millet is the annual herb plant of China's origin, and root is thick, and stalk is uprightly sturdy, high 0.5-2.0 rice or higher.Millet property happiness high temperature, fertility thermophilic 22-30 degree, height above sea level 1000 meters below is all applicable to cultivating, and belongs to drought-enduring stable yields crop, plants widely at north of China, is the indispensable crop of the dry farming ecological agriculture and Planter industry structure adjustment.
Northern China most area arid is serious in recent years, and the dry field farming produce amounts such as corn are very unstable, and benefit starts to decline.For this reason, some areas start progressively to plant millet, but utilize old kind and adopt traditional live dense planting method plantation, time-consuming, particularly artificial thinning and weeding, can not ensure the in good time of field management and quality, output is always lower, non-homogeneous cultivation also causes meter matter not good, ineffective.
Millet is wide adaptability not only, and the utilization ratio of rich water is also high.Traditional millet bed planting artificial seeding technology, large, the artificial thinning of sowing quantity, artificial weeding, time-consuming effort of taking a lot of work, planting cost is high, planting benefit is low, can not adapt to the requirement of modern agriculture.
Crop mulching films planting technology is extensively promoted in China, uses mulch film mulching soil, plays raising ground temperature, keep soil moisture, reduce the effect such as weeds in field and water and soil loss, the growth and development process of crops can be promoted, substantially increase the output of unit are.But the millet of current crop mulching films plantation, also needs artificial thinning.The growth cycle that existing paddy seedling culture technique exists paddy seedling is long, and operation is loaded down with trivial details, is difficult to the problem realizing industrialization.
The period that current millet is watered and applies fertilizer on producing does not settle the standard with amount, does not determine, low level management according to the demand of crop different development stage, does not reach water saving and saves object that is fertile and efficiency utilization liquid manure.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is that to be to solve the growth cycle that existing paddy seedling culture technique exists paddy seedling long, and operation is loaded down with trivial details, is difficult to the problem realizing industrialization, and then provides a kind of millet yield-increasing cultivation method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, realize above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of millet yield-increasing cultivation method, comprises the steps:
Step one: wholely
Soil thickness of deep ploughing autumn is >=20cm, and spring is wholely: rake a kind of farm tools, shallow plough, suppression soil moisture conservation, behind whole ground be: neat, flat, loose, broken, clean, moisture in the soil;
Step 2: sowing
Sowing millet also plastic film mulch, paving irrigate band, executes seed manure, sowing, earthing; Film thickness >=the 0.01mm of plastic film mulch, wide 1.25m or 2.5m of film; Wide-narrow row planting on film, middle wide every trade is apart from 50cm, both sides narrow row line-spacing 18cm, and cave is apart from being 10cm, and cave is 2-3cm deeply; Each paddy cave sows 3 ~ 4, sowing depth 2-3cm, and the humidity of sowing soil is: clayed ground: 17-21%, loam ground: 15-18%, sandy loam: 11-14%, every mu of density 4.0-5.0 ten thousand strain of keeping a full stand of seedings; Seeding quantity is 0.2-0.3kg/ mu;
Step 3: seedling management
A final singling: Gu Ye starts final singling when being 3, and the quantity that each paddy cave leaves Gu Miao is 1 ~ 3 strain;
B intertills: intertill and clean tillage 2-3 time, and the intertillage degree of depth is from the superficial to the deep;
Step 4: irrigate, apply fertilizer
C irrigates: water the first water after emerging, drip irrigation amount is 30-40m at once
3/ mu; Within after emerging 35-45 days, water the second water;
Within after second water every 10 ~ 20 days, water a water, irrigation amount 35-45m
3/ mu;
D applies fertilizer: after planting apply MAP 2kg/ mu with drip irrigation during the first water;
Second water shooting stage applied MAP 3kg/ mu and urea 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation;
3rd water applies MAP 5kg/ mu and urea 10kg/ mu with drip irrigation booting stage;
4th water applies MAP 5kg/ mu, urea 10kg/ mu and potassium phosphate 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation heading stage;
5th water applies urea 5kg/ mu and potassium phosphate 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation;
Step 5: disease pest and weed is prevented and treated
There is insect pest seedling stage and then spray insecticide;
Step 6: results
In grain ear, the seed back side of bottom presents canescence, and seed is hardening, can gather in.
Further, in described step 2, the temperature of soil layer is 5 ~ 15 DEG C.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the advanced agriculture cultivation technology of millet yield-increasing cultivation method set of the present invention, as Mechanical pave geomembrane, laying irrigate band, precise hole sowing once complete; The time of infertility implements drip irrigation, and fertilizer completes with drip irrigation as required.This invention can Meteorological effect, promotes that Growth of Millet is grown, ripen in advance phase 10-15 days, and overlay film make film under grass cannot grow, remove weeding measure from; Precise hole sowing removes artificial thinning, final singling trouble from; The time of infertility needs water regulation of fertilizer requirement and requirement to supply water as required fertilizer according to millet, and increasing millet yield and quality, is a kind of cultivation mode realizing millet mechanization, scale, modernization, simplification, high efficiency.
2, the technology takes plastic film mulch, precision point sowing, as required drip irrigation, as required fertilizer practice comparatively general planting method can increase production about 30%, and output can reach 600-800 kg/acre, and with the input lower than corn one times, output exceeds the income of corn more than 2 times.Therefore completely can establishing in large scale in arid soil depletion district.
3, the present invention furtherd investigate the period of watering and applying fertilizer of millet and amount, determined the rational irrigation time of millet, irrigation volume, fertilization time, fertilization type and fertilizing amount, impel millet produce reach highly efficient and productive, water saving, joint rich water put down.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, instead of limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of millet yield-increasing cultivation method, comprises the steps:
Step one: wholely
Soil thickness of deep ploughing autumn is >=20cm, and spring is wholely: rake a kind of farm tools, shallow plough, suppression soil moisture conservation, behind whole ground be: neat, flat, loose, broken, clean, moisture in the soil;
Step 2: sowing
The first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May are generally in the Northern Xinjiang spring sowing sowing time; Adopt various model cotton planter only need change cotton to broadcast dish for the special essence amount of millet and broadcast dish, plastic film mulch, paving irrigate band during sowing millet, execute seed manure, sowing, earthing and once complete; Film thickness >=the 0.01mm of plastic film mulch, wide 1.25m or 2.5m of film; Wide-narrow row planting on film, middle wide every trade is apart from 50cm, both sides narrow row line-spacing 18cm, and cave is apart from being 10cm, and sowing depth is 2-3cm; Each paddy cave sows 3 ~ 4, and the humidity of sowing soil is: clayed ground 17-21%, and loam ground 15-18%, sandy loam 11-14%, the temperature of soil layer is 5 ~ 15 DEG C.If soil moisture does not reach above-mentioned value, then after planting drip irrigation is watered immediately, and mu waters depending on soil moisture and weather condition, and general mu irrigation volume is at 40m
3left and right.Mu is kept a full stand of seedings density 4.0-5.0 ten thousand strain; Seeding quantity depending on germination rate, thousand kernel weight, soil regime generally the amount of broadcasting be 0.2-0.3kg/ mu;
Step 3: seedling management
Final singling: Gu Ye starts final singling when being 3, and the quantity that each paddy cave leaves Gu Miao is 1 ~ 3 strain;
Intertillage: after millet seedling, 3 leaves can start intertillage, whole inter-row cultivation weeding in seedling stage 2-3 time, the intertillage degree of depth is from the superficial to the deep;
Step 4: irrigate, apply fertilizer
C irrigates: irrigation time and irrigation volume
Xinjiang region because wind in spring is large, air and soil evaporativeness very big, be ensure full stand, general employing broadcasts rear irrigation technique measure, and namely after planting starting immediately to water the first water, is water of emerging, the general 30-40m of drip irrigation amount
3/ mu; 35-45 days after emerging, namely June, 5-15 day watered the second water; Within after second water every 10-20 days, water a water, irrigation amount 35-45m
3; I.e. the second water shooting stage and 5-June 15 June; 3rd water booting stage and 25-July 5 June; 4th water heading stage and 15-July 25 July; 5th water Early filling stage and 5-August 10 August; 6th water grouting mid-term and 20-August 25 August.If run into rainy when need irrigate, then reduce irrigation frequency and irrigation volume according to rainfall.
D apply fertilizer: after planting the first water namely emerge water time apply MAP 2kg/ mu with drip irrigation mu;
When the second water shooting stage and 5-15 day in June apply 3kg/ mu MAP and 5kg/ mu urea with drip irrigation;
When the 3rd water booting stage and apply MAP 5kg/ mu and 10kg/ mu urea with drip irrigation 25-July 5 June;
When the 4th water heading stage and apply MAP 5kg/ mu, 10kg/ mu urea and potassium phosphate 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation 15-July 25 July;
When the 5th water Early filling stage and apply 5kg/ mu urea and potassium phosphate 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation 5-August 10 August;
Step 5: disease pest and weed is prevented and treated
If seedling stage, insect pest occurred, spray corresponding insecticide;
Step 6: results
In grain ear, the seed back side of bottom presents canescence, and seed is hardening, can gather in.
Embodiment 2
A kind of millet yield-increasing cultivation method, comprises the steps:
1. meticulous wholely
Be generally the autumn in Xinjiang with turning over winter irrigation, soil layer of deep ploughing autumn will at more than 20cm; Spring, rake a kind of farm tools, shallow plough, suppression soil moisture conservation work will be carried out in whole ground.Millet sowing requires very high to kind of bed, reaches " neat, flat, loose, broken, clean, moisture in the soil " 6 signs accurate behind whole ground.
2. proper seeding
In millet germination General Requirements 5cm soil layer temperature stabilization rise to more than 10 DEG C comparatively suitable.Northern Xinjiang suitable sowing date is generally in the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May.
3. seeding method and density
Adopt cotton precision sowing machine through debugging sowing millet, plastic film mulch, paving irrigate band, execute seed manure, sowing, earthing once complete, and requires that film thickness is greater than 0.01mm, wide 1.25m or the 2.5m film of available film.Wide-narrow row planting on film, middle wide row 50cm, both sides narrow row line-spacing 18cm kind plants millet, average row is apart from 22cm, and cave is apart from being 10cm, sows 3-4 grain (percentage of seedgermination is 80%) in every cave, sowing depth 2-3cm, must broadcast on wet soil layer, and mu is kept a full stand of seedings about density 4.0-5.0 ten thousand strain.Seeding quantity is about 0.2-0.3kg/ mu.
4. field management in seedling stage
4.1. final singling
3 start final singlings, no more than 3 strains of seedling are stayed in every cave, in conjunction with between final singling pull out weeds in cave.
4.2. intertillage
Seedling stage needs intertill and clean tillage 2-3 time, and from the superficial to the deep, intertillage width is as the criterion not injure film the intertillage degree of depth.
5. Rational Irrigation, fertilising
5.1. irrigate
Millet comparatively drought resisting in seedling stage, sufficient moisture in the soil and weather are under normal circumstances at seeding time, generally emerge and water the first water, drip irrigation amount 30-40m in latter about 40 days
3/ mu, if but soil moisture content is bad or climatic anomaly are arid, and when the signs of drought appears in millet, (noon, blade appearance was wilted or curling symptom, then recovered night normal) should irrigate in time.According to soil types and climatic condition, after general head water, often within 10-20 days, water a water, irrigation amount 35-45m
3left and right, whole breeding time need irrigate 6-8 time, gross water requirement 200-250m
3.Irrigate corresponding period in millet shooting stage, booting stage, heading stage, Early filling stage, grouting mid-term, these periods be millet need the water phase, must assure feed water.
5.2. fertilising
Divide with drip irrigation whole breeding time and apply MAP 15kg/ mu, urea 30kg/ mu, potassium phosphate 10kg/ mu for 5 times altogether, add up to fertilising 55kg/ mu.After planting apply MAP 2kg/ mu with drip irrigation mu during the first water; Second water shooting stage applied 3kg/ mu MAP and 5kg/ mu urea with drip irrigation; 3rd water applies MAP 5kg/ mu and 10 kilograms of urea/mus with drip irrigation booting stage; 4th water applies MAP 5kg/ mu, 10kg/ mu urea and potassium phosphate 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation heading stage; 5th water applies 5kg/ mu urea and potassium phosphate 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation.
6. disease pest and weed control.Millet is lighter at Xinjiang plantation damage by disease and insect; If seedling stage, insect pest occurred, applicable insecticide can be sprayed.
7. gather in the crops in good time
Timely results are the important steps ensureing millet high yield, good harvest, cross early harvest, affect full seed, cause the underproduction; Cross harvesting in evening, fall grain and bird pest also can affect output.In North SinKiang, heading about needs about 60 days to maturation to late-maturing millet, and in grain ear, the seed back side of bottom presents canescence, and seed is hardening, and now Yield and qualities also reaches the best, can gather in.Current Xinjiang produces the upper combined wheat harvester that adopts and gathers in.
Although give some embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that without departing from the spirit of the invention herein, can change embodiment herein.Above-described embodiment is exemplary, should using embodiment herein as the restriction of interest field of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a millet yield-increasing cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step one: wholely
Soil thickness of deep ploughing autumn is >=20cm, and spring is wholely: rake a kind of farm tools, shallow plough, suppression soil moisture conservation, behind whole ground be: neat, flat, loose, broken, clean, moisture in the soil;
Step 2: sowing
Sowing millet also plastic film mulch, paving irrigate band, executes seed manure, sowing, earthing; Film thickness >=the 0.01mm of plastic film mulch, wide 1.25m or 2.5m of film; According to wide-narrow row planting on film, middle wide every trade is apart from being 50cm, and the line-spacing of both sides narrow row is 18cm, and cave is apart from being 10cm, and cave is 2-3cm deeply; Each paddy cave sows 3 ~ 4, and sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the humidity of sowing soil is: clayed ground: 17-21%, loam ground: 15-18%, sandy loam: 11-14%, every mu of density 4.0-5.0 ten thousand strain of keeping a full stand of seedings; Seeding quantity is 0.2-0.3kg/ mu;
Step 3: seedling management
A final singling: Gu Ye starts final singling when being 3, and the quantity that each paddy cave leaves Gu Miao is 1 ~ 3 strain;
B intertills: intertill and clean tillage 2-3 time;
Step 4: irrigate, apply fertilizer
C irrigates: water the first water after emerging, drip irrigation amount is 30-40m at once
3/mu; Within after emerging 35-45 days, water the second water;
Within after second water every 10 ~ 20 days, water a water, irrigation amount 35-45m
3/ mu;
D applies fertilizer: after planting apply MAP 2kg/ mu with drip irrigation during the first water;
Second water shooting stage applied MAP 3kg/ mu and urea 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation;
3rd water applies MAP 5kg/ mu and urea 10kg/ mu with drip irrigation booting stage;
4th water applies MAP 5kg/ mu, urea 10kg/ mu and potassium phosphate 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation heading stage;
5th water applies urea 5kg/ mu and potassium phosphate 5kg/ mu with drip irrigation;
Step 5: disease pest and weed is prevented and treated
There is insect pest seedling stage and then spray insecticide;
Step 6: results
In grain ear, the seed back side of bottom presents canescence, and seed is hardening, can gather in.
2. a kind of millet yield-increasing cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2, the temperature of soil layer is 5 ~ 15 DEG C.
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| CN201510835359.5A CN105409522A (en) | 2015-11-26 | 2015-11-26 | Rice yield-increasing cultivation method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106879340A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-23 | 平凉市农业科学院 | Flax film lateral sulcus broadcasts mechanized farming method |
| CN107787637A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-13 | 登封市绿奥农林科技有限公司 | A kind of milletization control final singling method |
| CN108782076A (en) * | 2018-06-03 | 2018-11-13 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of arid area millet |
| CN110089371A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所 | A kind of water and fertilizer management method of trickle irrigation millet saving irrigation model |
| CN111296200A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-19 | 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 | Method for cultivating insect-resistant transgenic millet |
| CN111492747A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-07 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for millet by drip irrigation under film |
| CN112997822A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-06-22 | 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 | Green and ecological one-year two-crop planting method for mung beans and millet |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106879340A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-23 | 平凉市农业科学院 | Flax film lateral sulcus broadcasts mechanized farming method |
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| CN108782076A (en) * | 2018-06-03 | 2018-11-13 | 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of arid area millet |
| CN110089371A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所 | A kind of water and fertilizer management method of trickle irrigation millet saving irrigation model |
| CN111296200A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-19 | 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 | Method for cultivating insect-resistant transgenic millet |
| CN111492747A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-07 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for millet by drip irrigation under film |
| CN112997822A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-06-22 | 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 | Green and ecological one-year two-crop planting method for mung beans and millet |
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Application publication date: 20160323 |