CN103477849B - Method for straw full-amount returning and rice-wheat planted seedling in rice-wheat double cropping area - Google Patents
Method for straw full-amount returning and rice-wheat planted seedling in rice-wheat double cropping area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tillage cultivation, and discloses a method for straw full-amount returning and rice-wheat planted seedling in a rice-wheat double cropping area. Under the condition of rice-wheat double-season straw full-amount returning, planted seedlings of next-stubble crops are not influenced, and due to the fact that mechanical operation is adopted in a key production link, labor intensity and production inputs are greatly reduced. In addition, straw returning is further favorable for soil fertilizing and environment protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to farming measures field, particularly relate to a kind of wheat-rice rotation district returning total stalks into fields and rice wheat and broadcast and plant vertical seedling-growing method.
Background technology
China wheat-rice rotation district area about 5,000,000 hm
2, being mainly distributed in the Yangtze river basin, is the important grain producing region of China.Wheat-rice rotation district soil fertility is high, sunlight-heat reaources good, rainfall is abundant, grain yield high (more than 1 ton/mu), and accessory substance-stalk yield is also very large simultaneously.Before the nineties in last century, crops straw is used for fuel or animal feed.Along with expanding economy, after the improvement of rural area fuel structure and no longer cultivation farm cattle, a large amount of stalks becomes the burden of production.
Straw-returning is fostered and apply fertilizer not accommodating doubtful for arable land, peasant approves completely, but because straw-returning mode, method are improper, straw-returning is also difficult to the effect playing volume increase after increasing cost, the enthusiasm implementing straw-returning is not high, mostly take the way of on-site incineration to be processed, not only waste resource, and threat is also constituted to the security of the lives and property and Environmental security.Along with various places taboo burns the appearance of order and the publicity of improvement of soil fertility policy, straw-returning is rooted in the hearts of the people, but the also field mode of high cost is implement the bottleneck that stalk effectively goes back field all the time.What particularly pass by that rice wheat harvest obtains employing is all Full feeding harvester, tassel enters threshing bin threshing together with stalk, soft, different in size from threshing bin stalk out, collect difficulty, and be easily wound around Rotary tillage blade when second stubble crop rotary tillage soil-working, seeding operation, affect rotary tillage soil-working quality and broadcast cultivation quality.
The rice wheat high yield technique that past adopts and straw-returning technology, complete by manpower substantially.But along with a large amount of transfers of labour, this kind of technology is more and more difficult to carry out and implement.Rice wheat is broadcast cultivation and becomes extensive, affects the grain security of the stable of grain yield and country.Therefore, the straw-returning methods of research, with supporting crop technique for sowing and planting, should save labor, again can not to sacrifice output and benefit for cost, and peasant economy ability can accept.
Summary of the invention
Both having wasted a large amount of manpower to solve wheat-rice rotation district straw-returning, also having affected the problem of output, and the invention provides a kind of wheat-rice rotation district returning total stalks into fields and rice wheat and broadcast and plant vertical seedling-growing method.
In order to solve above technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
1) wheat maturation adopts the feed reaper results installing stalk disperser additional afterwards, and during results, wheat straw can be ground into 5-8cm segment by grain header, is naturally dispersed in field.Feed reaper is when gathering in the crops, and only tassel enters threshing bin threshing, and stalk is outer just to pulverize at threshing bin, and the hard flexible of stalk of pulverizing, facilitates returning.
2) pour water soaked field 12 ~ 18h, fully soaked to make soil.
3) after the water surface oozes completely down, base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields.
4) with rotovator rotary tillage 3 times, front twice can rotary tillage continuously, for the third time and second time interval about 2h, after can ensureing rotary tillage like this, stalk fully mixes with soil, and the rotary tillage degree of depth 10 ~ 15cm, stalk and mud mix.
5) after rotary tillage, the water surface remains at 1.0 ~ 2.0cm, and soil sinks after real 12h and gets final product rice transplanting.
6) paddy machinery rice transplanting.Transplanting paddy rice comparatively traditional-handwork is planted the maturing stage and wants slow 7-10d, therefore needs to select the medium variety that the ripe phase is suitable, adopts the rice transplanter of effect stability to carry out rice transplanting, every mu of Basic Seedling 3 ~ 40,000.
After the machine transplanting of rice terminates, as fine day high temperature, seedling-protection of pouring water in time, the depth of water remains on about 1/2 of height of seedling, impels it to turn green fast.Namely adopt the moistening irrigation method that shallow water duty is filled with after turning green, the general depth of water 2 ~ 3cm, makes rear water not see above water, so that soil gas exchanges and release pernicious gas, promotes to tiller.Naturally to cut off the water supply when stem tiller number reaches 85% of mature spike number dry dry field.Dry and wet irrigation after rehydration, heading flowering period keeps shoaling layer, pustulation period Dry-wet alternate irrigation, and after loose seed, draining is dried in the air field.
Wheat straw decomposition will consume a large amount of nitrogen nutrition, and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot turn green after tiller there is burst, therefore to chase after tillering fertilizer in time, suitably mend and execute ear manuer, to strengthen tillering ability in early stage, ensure the later stage percentage of earbearing tiller and grain number per spike.After transplanting, 5 ~ 7d nitrogen topdressing, 3 ~ 4kg/ mu is as tillering fertilizer, executes purity nitrogen 1 ~ 2kg/ mu again as ear manuer before heading.
After rice transplanting, 7 ~ 10d should select 10% pyrazosulfuron 15g/ mu to adopt medicine local method (or mixing chemical fertilizer) to spread fertilizer over the fields, and has filled with water in field and water conservation more than 5 days during dispenser.
7) draining in time after seed of faling apart of front stubble paddy rice is dried in the air field, until Grain Ripening and soil hardboard time, select the fine day half-feed combine harvester direct motion harvesting installing stalk disperser additional, during results, straw be cut into the segment of 5 ~ 8cm, naturally fall apart in field.
8) wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type or the fertilising of 2BMFDC-8 type planting with sowing machine, and this sower adopts only to seeding belt rotary tillage ditching, and fertilizer, seed fall into seeding belt successively, the soil mixing lid kind after planting adopting the straw of pulverizing and rotary tillage to get up.If soil moisture has rainfall more greatly or after planting during sowing, soil moisture can meet the requirement that wheat is emerged, then need not pour water after broadcasting; If soil is more dry during sowing, soil moisture content is low, should pour water to ensure to emerge.
Good effect of the present invention is as follows:
Wheat-rice rotation district returning total stalks into fields of the present invention and rice wheat are broadcast and plant vertical seedling-growing method; under rice wheat two season returning total stalks into fields; it is unaffected that second stubble crop broadcasts the vertical seedling of cultivation; and due to the employing do mechanization operation at crucial production link; significantly reduce labour intensity and Productive statistics, straw-returning is also beneficial to soil fertility and fosters and apply fertilizer and protection of the environment.
Embodiment
The following examples describe in further detail of the present invention.
1) harvesting wheat and stalk process
Wheat enters wax ripeness latter stage, selects fine day to install the feed reaper direct motion harvesting of stalk disperser additional.During results, wheat straw is cut into the segment of 5 ~ 8cm, naturally falls apart in field.
2) to pour water soaked field
Pour water soaked field 12 ~ 18h before rotary tillage, makes soil fully be invaded bubble.
3) base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields
Spread fertilizer over the fields base fertilizer before rotary tillage behind soaked field, execute purity nitrogen 8kg, phosphorus pentoxide 6kg, potassium oxide 6kg for every mu.
4) wheat straw rotary tillage is turned over and is buried
After water consumpation oozes completely down, with paddy field tillage cultivator rotary tillage 3 times, front twice continuous rotary tillage, third time and second time interval 2h.The rotary tillage degree of depth 10 ~ 15cm, stalk and mud mix, and after rotary tillage, to play slurry smooth on earth's surface, and after rotary tillage, the water surface remains at 1.0 ~ 2.0cm, gets final product rice transplanting after heavy real 12h.
5) paddy machinery rice transplanting
Transplanting paddy rice comparatively traditional-handwork is planted the maturing stage and wants slow 7-10d, therefore needs to select the medium variety that the ripe phase is suitable, adopts the rice transplanter of effect stability to carry out rice transplanting, every mu of Basic Seedling 3 ~ 40,000.
6) moisture, nutrient, pest management after rice transplanting
After the machine transplanting of rice terminates, as fine day high temperature, seedling-protection of pouring water in time, the depth of water remains on about 1/2 of height of seedling, impels it to turn green fast.Namely adopt the moistening irrigation method that shallow water duty is filled with after turning green, the general depth of water 2 ~ 3cm, makes rear water not see above water, so that soil gas exchanges and release pernicious gas, promotes to tiller.Naturally to cut off the water supply when stem tiller number reaches 85% of mature spike number dry dry field.Dry and wet irrigation after rehydration, heading flowering period
Keep shoaling layer, pustulation period Dry-wet alternate irrigation, after loose seed, draining is dried in the air field.
Wheat straw decomposition will consume a large amount of nitrogen nutrition, and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot turn green after tiller there is burst, therefore to chase after tillering fertilizer in time, suitably mend and execute ear manuer, to strengthen tillering ability in early stage, ensure the later stage percentage of earbearing tiller and grain number per spike.After transplanting, 5 ~ 7d nitrogen topdressing, 3 ~ 4kg/ mu is as tillering fertilizer, executes purity nitrogen 1 ~ 2kg/ mu again as ear manuer before heading.
After rice transplanting, 7 ~ 10d should select 10% pyrazosulfuron 15g/ mu to adopt medicine local method (or mixing chemical fertilizer) to spread fertilizer over the fields, and has filled with water in field and water conservation more than 5 days during dispenser.
7) rice harves and stalk process
The draining in time after seed of faling apart of front stubble paddy rice is dried in the air field, until Grain Ripening and soil hardboard time, select the fine day half-feed combine harvester direct motion harvesting installing stalk disperser additional, during results, straw be cut into the segment of 5 ~ 8cm, naturally fall apart in field.
8) no-tillage field chemical weed control
Due to the no-tillage sowing that wheat adopts, broadcast front chemical weed control most important.7 ~ 10d selects fine day to carry out prior to seeding, and every mu of available low toxicity steriland herbicide 20%, Kirchhoff integral 150mL is watered spraying.
9) wheat fertilizing sowing
Wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type or the fertilising of 2BMFDC-8 type planting with sowing machine, and this sower adopts only to seeding belt rotary tillage ditching, and fertilizer, seed fall into seeding belt successively, the soil mixing lid kind after planting adopting the straw of pulverizing and rotary tillage to get up.
10) water management after wheat cultivation
If soil moisture has rainfall more greatly or after planting during sowing, soil moisture can meet the requirement that wheat is emerged, then need not pour water after broadcasting; If soil is more dry during sowing, soil moisture content is low, should pour water to ensure to emerge.
Embodiment 1
2007-2008, the Lianshan Mountain, Guanghan City Zhen Jin flower village adopts this method, rice and wheat straw realizes total crop return, after rotary tillage soil-working, paddy rice adopts mechanized planting, planting efficiency is 30 mu/day, rice at whole growth periods working feature 250 yuan/mu, output 579kg/ mu, the output value 1274 yuan/mu, net earnings 774 yuan/mu.Wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type planting with sowing machine, sowing efficiency 20 mu/day, wheat working feature in the time of infertility 180 yuan/mu, output 480kg/ mu, the output value 960 yuan/mu, net earnings 560 yuan/mu.Adopt the contrast field of conventional method, after being burned by wheat straw after harvesting wheat, rotovator wholely, manually plant, and planting efficiency is 0.3 mu/day, rice at whole growth periods working feature 400 yuan/mu, output 610kg/ mu, the output value 1342 yuan/mu, net earnings 692 yuan/mu by paddy rice.Wheat adopts the no-tillage mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, sowing efficiency 0.5 mu/day, wheat working feature in the time of infertility 280 yuan/mu, output 410kg/ mu, the output value 820 yuan/mu, net earnings 320 yuan/mu.
Embodiment 2
2008-2009, the Lianshan Mountain, Guanghan City Zhen Jin flower village adopts this method, and rice and wheat straw realizes total crop return, and after rotary tillage soil-working, paddy rice adopts mechanized planting, and planting efficiency is 30 mu/day, and paddy rice gives birth to entirely
Phase working feature 250 yuan/mu, output 574kg/ mu, the output value 1263 yuan/mu, net earnings 763 yuan/mu.Wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type planting with sowing machine, sowing efficiency 20 mu/day, wheat working feature in the time of infertility 180 yuan/mu, output 465kg/ mu, the output value 930 yuan/mu, net earnings 530 yuan/mu.Adopt the contrast field of conventional method, after being burned by wheat straw after harvesting wheat, rotovator wholely, manually plant, and planting efficiency is 0.3 mu/day, rice at whole growth periods working feature 400 yuan/mu, output 602kg/ mu, the output value 1324 yuan/mu, net earnings 674 yuan/mu by paddy rice.Wheat adopts the no-tillage mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, sowing efficiency 0.5 mu/day, wheat working feature in the time of infertility 280 yuan/mu, output 380kg/ mu, the output value 760 yuan/mu, net earnings 260 yuan/mu.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that and can carry out multiple change, amendment, replacement and modification to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, scope of the present invention is by claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. wheat-rice rotation district returning total stalks into fields and rice wheat are broadcast and plant a vertical seedling-growing method, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) wheat maturation adopts the feed reaper results installing stalk disperser additional afterwards, and during results, wheat straw can be ground into 5-8cm segment by grain header, is naturally dispersed in field;
(2) after little wheat harvesting, wheatland is poured water, filled with rear soaked field 12-18h, fully soaked to make soil;
(3) after Tanaka's water oozes completely down, evenly base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields Tanaka;
(4) then use rotovator rotary tillage 3 times, front twice can rotary tillage continuously, third time and second time interval 2h, rotary tillage degree of depth 10-15cm, make stalk and mud mix;
(5), after rotary tillage, Tanaka's water surface remains on 1.0-2.0cm;
(6) after soil sinks real 12h, start rice transplanting, adopt rice transplanting transplanting, every mu of Basic Seedling 3-4 ten thousand; (7) after rice transplanting, 7-10d adopts medicine local method with 10% pyrazosulfuron 15g/ mu or mixes chemical fertilizer method and spread fertilizer over the fields, and has filled with water in field and water conservation more than 5 days during dispenser;
(8) paddy rice draining in time after seed of faling apart is dried in the air field, until Grain Ripening and soil hardboard time, select the fine day half-feed combine harvester direct motion harvesting installing stalk disperser additional, during results, straw be cut into the segment of 5-8cm, naturally fall apart in field;
(9) after paddy rice harvesting, before wheat cultivation, 7-10d selects fine day to carry out, and every mu of available low toxicity steriland herbicide carries out chemical weed control, then adopts sower at field sowing wheat.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (3), and base fertilizer is every mu and executes purity nitrogen 8kg, phosphorus pentoxide 6kg, potassium oxide 6kg.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (6), after the machine transplanting of rice terminates, meet fine day high temperature, pour water in time seedling-protection, the depth of water remains on 1/2 of height of seedling, impels it to turn green fast, namely the moistening irrigation that shallow water duty is filled with is adopted after turning green, depth of water 2-3cm, makes rear water not see above water, so that soil gas exchanges and release pernicious gas, promotion is tillered, naturally to cut off the water supply when stem tiller number reaches 85% of mature spike number dry dry field, dry and wet irrigation after rehydration, heading flowering period keeps shoaling layer, pustulation period Dry-wet alternate irrigation, after loose seed, draining is dried in the air field;
Wheat straw decomposition will consume a large amount of nitrogen nutrition, and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot turn green after tiller there is burst, therefore tillering fertilizer to be chased after in time, suitable benefit executes ear manuer, to strengthen tillering ability in early stage, ensure the later stage percentage of earbearing tiller and grain number per spike, after transplanting, 5-7d nitrogen topdressing 3-4kg/ mu is as tillering fertilizer, executes purity nitrogen 1-2kg/ mu again as ear manuer before heading.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (9), during sowing, soil is more dry, and soil moisture content is low, should pour water to ensure to emerge.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (9), and wheat adopts 2BMFDC-6 type or the fertilising of 2BMFDC-8 type planting with sowing machine.
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