CN106472100A

CN106472100A - A kind of method of cornfield interplanting no-tillage and direct-seeding paddy rice

Info

Publication number: CN106472100A
Application number: CN201610950760.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙义祥; 袁嫚嫚; 邬刚
Original assignee: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2016-10-27
Filing date: 2016-10-27
Publication date: 2017-03-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of cornfield interplanting no-tillage and direct-seeding paddy rice, be wheatland is gathered in after be directly used in the method for rice growing, by appropriate operation, reduce a large amount of artificial, reduce the usage amount in the future of fertilizer, paddy rice grows up well, and yield is high, soil organic matter content is high, while the event for burning wheat stalk after avoiding getting wheat occurs.

Description

A kind of method of cornfield interplanting no-tillage and direct-seeding paddy rice

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technology field of plantation, and in particular to a kind of side of cornfield interplanting no-tillage and direct-seeding paddy rice Method.

Background technology

Rice is the main food that people like, in the world nearly half population, all with rice as food.Paddy rice is high due to per unit area yield And stable yields, 4.5 hundred million mu or so of the long-term Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area of China, rice cultivation can alleviate population to the pressure in soil and to grain The demand of food.Planting patterns is generally divided into rice transplanting, rice transplanting and live, and rice transplanting is divided into transplanting rice seedling by hand and machine rice transplantation, rice transplantation by hand High labor intensive, needs to put into a large amount of labours, and as rural labour's immigrant laborers ratio increases, Rice Cropping cost is increasingly Height, transplanting can solve the problems, such as the labour of rice transplanting link, but there is seedling-raising technique and have high demands, and site preparation quality requirement is high newly to ask Topic, rice transplanting mode are difficult large-area applications due to being difficult to guarantee Basic Seedling quantity, so live is a kind of very promising water Rice mode, direct sowing of rice are divided into water direct seeding and direct-sowing dry two ways.No matter which kind of mode, tradition is live all to have site preparation, straw Bar also field and emergence rate are difficult to the problems such as coordinating.

The utilization of stalk is very wide, in addition to being used for culture fertility after field is gone back, can also be in order to papermaking, culturing edible fungus, braiding Deng.Beneficial effect after straw-returning：（1）Strengthen water holding capacity.After straw mulching and returning, the stalk of Waterlogged soil can increase Rainfall infiltration, stops moisture diffusion upwards and evaporation, the vaporization of the soil water that can reduce solar radiation and cause again and between Evaporation.（2）Improvement soil protection.Some area is general at present still adopts surface irrigation, when irrigating, due to rushing for current Hit with water ooze implementation use, usually destroy topsoil structure, make earth's surface hardened, space reduce, affect soil aeration.Using Stalk Gai Tianhou increased the evacuation degree of soil, reduce surface runoff, it is therefore prevented that earth's surface is hardened.Lid is than not lid soil porosity Increase by 1.6%～7.5%.（3）Inhibit the growth of weeds.After straw mulching and returning, due to reducing the illumination of upper soll layer Intensity, have impact on light and the effect of weeds, in addition also mechanical repression of the stalk to weeds, therefore inhibit sending out for weeds Bud rate and growth potential, so as to reduce increment and the growth pressure of weeds in field.（4）Improve soil nutrient content.In stalk Containing abundant nutrient, straw-returning can make the soil organism be continuously available renewal, supplement and accumulate, meanwhile, stalk During decomposition, produced organic acid can promote insoluble phosphate in soil to be converted into weak acid soluble phosphoric acid salt, improve which effective Property.（5）Adjust ground temperature.Ground temperature is too high unfavorable to plant strain growth.Particularly six, July too high ground temperature not only aggravates soil steaming Send out, be also unfavorable for sending out strong of seedling.

Content of the invention

Rice paddy seed is directly spread on the wheat paddock before harvesting by the present invention, through processing after harvesting, realizes full stalk also Field, reduces manual operation load, while reaching surprising economic well-being of workers and staff, realizes particular by following method：

A kind of method of cornfield interplanting no-tillage and direct-seeding paddy rice, it is characterised in that including following step：

（1）June early and middle ten dayses, are spread on rice paddy seed in wheat paddock in 1～2 day before harvesting wheat, the mu amount of broadcasting sowing be 4～ 5kg；

（2）When harvesting wheat, harvester installs straw crushing scattering mechanism additional, stays arrish and trickles down straw crushing at random Stalk layer is formed in big Tanaka；

（3）After harvesting wheat, broad irrigation, when making soil reach full and 0～20cm of field capacity, by field Superficial water is discharged；

（4）Right（2）150～the 200kg of NaOH solution of per mu of sprinkling 3～6wt% concentration of described straw crushing straw layer, 2 The net kind Lingshui Spring 50～80kg of solution of～5wt%, the 30～45kg of aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution and 0.5～1.0wt% of 8～12wt% Pretilachlor 20～35kg of the aqueous solution, all with spraying in the form of uniform fold sprinkling, while by hydrated lime in powder press per mu of 50～80kg It is sprinkling upon on stalk layer；

（5）After paddy rice germination and emergence, toward field irrigation, maintain an equal level with stalk layer upper surface to Tanaka's water layer, treat that nature disappears When consuming soil relative water content less than field capacity 65～75%, then irrigate again, so repeatedly, it is ensured that the light dry and wet of Tanaka Alternately, start dry field when average mu stem tiller seedling reaches 25～300,000 after sowing 35～40 days, when high temperature is more than 35 DEG C, keep water level 3.3～4.0cm, temperature are less than 35 DEG C of then 1.5～2.0cm of water level, and the arrival pustulation period must keep the shoaling layer of 1.0～2.0cm, While alternation of wetting and drying is to paddy rice yellow maturity.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：

（1）Rice paddy seed is spread on Tanaka before harvesting wheat, harvesting process realizes the compaction to seed so that paddy rice Seed can directly trickle down land for growing field crops and carry out nursery germination, eliminate sowing link, save a large amount of manpowers.Direct seading rice tiller Early and fast, the section position of tiller is low, and the effective fringe of formation is more, easily reaches the purpose of high yield.

（2）Inherently a kind of good organic matter of stalk, while the toughness that the natural fiber that stalk contains is constituted is permissible Make field soil become loose, but there is wax coat on wheat straw surface, it is difficult to decomposition, invent the alkaline solution of sprinkling, Ke Yirong Solution stalk top layer wax, softens stalk, makes stalk outside with certain design feature, while itself can rot to resolve into can profit Organic matter, realizes full stalk also field, reduces the use for adding chemical fertilizer；The spirit of net kind can prevent paddy seeds to be subject to Insect pest, pretilachlor can prevent land for growing field crops sward, and these medicaments are sprayed on stalk layer after high dilution, the sea of stalk layer Continuous body has good moisture-absorption water-retention feature, can reserve the function of medicament for a long time, that is to say, that the beneficial agents of sprinkling are permissible Continuation seedling cultivation of rice process is protected, the solid space that the toughness of stalk layer is constituted, not only can maintain good Ventilation, while itself isolation the earth, can also play good heat insulation effect at night.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1：

（4）Right（2）NaOH solution 160kg of per mu of sprinkling 3～6wt% concentration of described straw crushing straw layer, 2～ The net kind Lingshui Spring solution 75kg of 5wt%, the aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution 35kg and 0.5～1.0wt% of 8～12wt% pretilachlor water-soluble Liquid 25kg, all with spraying in the form of uniform fold sprinkling, while hydrated lime in powder is sprinkling upon on stalk layer by every mu of 65kg；

Income analysis using the no-tillage wheatland direct seading rice of the present invention：

Note：Field management includes：Irrigate and draining, even seedling, chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals spread fertilizer over the fields recruitment, paddy rice price presses 2.7 yuan/kg Calculate.

Claims

1. a kind of method of cornfield interplanting no-tillage and direct-seeding paddy rice, it is characterised in that including following step：

（1）June early and middle ten dayses, are spread on rice paddy seed in wheat paddock in 1 ~ 2 day before harvesting wheat, and the mu amount of broadcasting sowing is 4 ~ 5kg；

（2）When harvesting wheat, harvester installs straw crushing scattering mechanism additional, stays arrish and trickles down straw crushing big at random Tanaka forms stalk layer；

（3）After harvesting wheat, broad irrigation, when making soil reach full and 0 ~ 20cm of field capacity, by the top layer in field Water is discharged；

（4）Right（2）150 ~ 200kg of NaOH solution, the 2 ~ 5wt% of described per mu of sprinkling 3 ~ 6wt% concentration of straw crushing straw layer Net kind Lingshui Spring 50 ~ 80kg of solution, the 30 ~ 45kg of aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution and 0.5 ~ 1.0wt% of 8 ~ 12wt% pretilachlor water-soluble 20 ~ 35kg of liquid, all with spraying in the form of uniform fold sprinkling, while hydrated lime in powder is sprinkling upon on stalk layer by per mu of 50 ~ 80kg；

（5）After paddy rice germination and emergence, toward field irrigation, maintain an equal level with stalk layer upper surface to Tanaka's water layer, treat that nature is depleted to When soil relative water content is less than field capacity 65 ~ 75%, then irrigate again, so repeatedly, it is ensured that the light alternation of wetting and drying of Tanaka, Start dry field when average mu stem tiller seedling reaches 25 ~ 300,000 after sowing 35 ~ 40 days, when high temperature is more than 35 DEG C, keep water level 3.3 ~ 4.0cm, temperature are less than 35 DEG C of then 1.5 ~ 2.0cm of water level, and the arrival pustulation period must keep the shoaling layer of 1.0 ~ 2.0cm, while dry Wet alternate is to paddy rice yellow maturity.