CN107318539A - A kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage Download PDFInfo
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- CN107318539A CN107318539A CN201710571472.6A CN201710571472A CN107318539A CN 107318539 A CN107318539 A CN 107318539A CN 201710571472 A CN201710571472 A CN 201710571472A CN 107318539 A CN107318539 A CN 107318539A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage, belong to sunflower technical field of cultivation.The problem of setting percentage is low in order to solve generally existing, the invention provides a kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage, the cultural method by selection of land with site preparation, seed treatment, sowing, precision management and integrated pest prevention and control the step of cause edible sunflower diseases and insect pests resistance enhancing, plant strain growth speed it is fast, it is difficult lodging, full grains, yield is high.It is experimentally confirmed that the sunflower setting percentage that the present invention is planted reaches more than 90%, yield improves more than 20% compared to general planting method, and economic benefit is objective.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sunflower technical field of cultivation, specifically a kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage.
Background technology
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of big industrial crops in the world five, with Salt And Alkali Tolerance, it is drought-resistant,
Barren-resistant characteristic, sunflower is divided into oil sunflower (oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers) and edible sunflower (food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers), edible sunflower from purposes
As specialty economies crop, the provinces and regions such as the Inner Mongol, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Jilin, Liaoning are mainly distributed on.At present I
State is higher due to kind of the comparative effectiveness of herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, and cultivated area increases year by year, and food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers raw material and seed demand are very big, and the country has
The larger market space, food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers development prospect is wide.Investigation finds that setting percentage low for generally existing in edible sunflower production
The problem of, in recent years, some Seed-setting Rate of Varieties only have 10%-20%, and the overwhelming majority is flat seed, cause serious economic damage
Lose.In the case where external condition can meet solid requirement, the Natural seed setting rate of food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers cenospecies can be more than 75%.2009
Year, the national average setting percentage for eating each kind of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers cenospecies regional testing was 74.14%.Improve edible sunflower setting percentage, increase
Economic benefit, is a urgent problem to be solved in city's agricultural production.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention in view of the shortcomings of the prior art or defect there is provided one kind to improve edible sunflower solid
The cultural method of rate.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage, comprises the following steps：
1. selection of land and site preparation：Sand ground is selected, preceding crop is cotton, and preceding crop is deep ploughed in time after harvesting, depth 20-25
Centimetre, with reference to deep ploughing, by weight 3:1:4.3:2:6.8:7.3:10 ratio apply Trifolium repense, illite powder, green peel of walnut,
Amino-acid chelate, cottonseed cake, soy sauce residues, seed oil slag is harvested, broadcast preceding shallow plowing, 13-17 centimetres of depth applies high-quality with reference to ploughing shallowly every mu
2000-3500 kilograms of farm manure, 1-1.5 kilograms of barley seedling dry powder, 30-50 kilograms of powdery shrimp shell；A kind of farm tools is thin after ploughing, and pours permeable, covers
A layer thickness is 5cm quick lime, and one layer of black film is covered on lime surface again；
2. seed treatment:Good quality and high output kind is selected, seed quality requires purity 99%, cleanliness 99.5%, germination percentage
More than 96%, 7-10 days before sowing, sunflower seeds are steamed with 18 DEG C of artemisia annuas for edible sunflower seed of the moisture below 10%
Distilled water leaching liquor soaks 3-5h, and taking-up drains away the water, then seed is placed in into seed soaking in shield shell 60 times of dilutions of mould solid fermentation thing
2-3 hours, by carbendazim and vermiculite power according to 1:2 ratios are mixed mixes thoroughly with the sunflower seeds blending after seed soaking, mixes and is exposed to the sun
It is 2-3 days, standby to broadcast；
3. sow:Late March is to mid-April, using bunch planting, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 55-60cm, seed level 3-4cm, the amount of broadcasting
8-10kg/hm2, seed level 3-5cm, 2.5 ten thousand -3.0 ten thousand plants/hm of density2.Sprayed after broadcasting with 10 times of dilutions of leaf of canada potato extract
Fine sand to water content is covered at pocket for 60%, and cladding thickness is 3-5cm, then covers one layer of black film；
4. precision management
A, tillage and weeding:Seedling stage is intertilled 2-3 times, and final singling carries out tillage and weeding between the 1st combination, and then seedling sprinkling is asked
Chaste tree infusion, 50-60 centimetres of height of seedling, second of tillage and weeding；
B, the rational application of fertilizer:The edible sunflower time of infertility typically topdresses 2 times；For the first time before buddingging, with reference to third time
Intertillage, trench digging presses 5:3:1.1:2.5 weight ratios are mixed into urea+potassium sulfate+leaf mould+molasses fermented liquid and impose 20-40kg/
666.7m2；Carried out for the second time in florescence, by 4:1:2.2:1.5 weight ratios impose urea+ammonium nitrate+calcium chloride+boric acid and imposed
10-15kg/666.7m2；Pustulation period sprays 0.5% calcium salicylate solution 1-2 times, each consumption 150-200kg/666.7m2；
C, rationally pour water：Irrigated using drip irrigation, water of being gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles when buddingging, it is 0.1% that every mu is applied 150-200ml concentration with water droplet
H3BO4The aqueous solution, is come into bloom and pours two water, and every mu is applied 100-120ml concentration for the 0.5% brown alga oligose aqueous solution with water droplet；Bloom
Peak period pours the 3rd water, and every mu is applied 120-150ml concentration for the 10% vitamin C aqueous solution with water droplet；Pustulation period pours the 4th water, will
The paclobutrazol of 0.1% triazolone+0.2% is by weight 1:1 mixing, every mu is applied 120-150ml with water droplet；
5. integrated pest prevention and control:The main diseases and insect pests of edible sunflower have sclerotiniose and the sunflower moth of sunflower；
A, sunflower moth are caused harm initial stage in larva, by weight 1.5:1：1 by 20% kill chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times of liquid+
90% 1000 times of metrifonate, 50 times of liquid+dandelion extract liquid mixed atomizing is prevented and treated, each floral disc spraying liquid 40-50mL, every
5-7d sprays 1 time, even spray 2-3 times；Adult full incidence period at the beginning of 7 the end of month to August, can be by weight 1:1.5：1 ratio is by 10% DDVP
1500 times of the deltamethrin milk oil of missible oil+2.5%, 100 times of liquid+coptis extract liquid mixing fog machine is to field spray 150-
225mL/hm21-2 times；
B, sclerotium blight of sunflower are in florescence by weight 1.5:1:2：1 by 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000
Times liquid+or 800 times of 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of the mancozeb wettable powder of liquid+70% liquid+flue-cured tobacco alcohol extracts from the leaves
30 times of liquid mixing sprinkling plant bottoms and floral disc back side l-2 time, often minor tick 7d；
6. artificial pollination：Bloom and the 1st artificial pollination carried out after 2-3d, pollinate 1 time, can be awarded 2-3 times every 3-4d later,
Time is generally 8：00—11：When 00.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is：
1st, compared with general planting method, cultural method of the invention cause edible sunflower diseases and insect pests resistance enhancing,
Plant strain growth speed is fast, is difficult lodging, and full grains, yield is high.It is experimentally confirmed that the sunflower setting percentage of this method plantation reaches
More than 90%, yield improves more than 20% compared to general planting method, and economic benefit is objective.
2nd, the present invention by artemisia annua distill water extract and the mould solid fermentation thing of shield shell to sunflower seeds at
Reason, improves the activity of the enzyme in seed cell, enhances seed vitality, improve the resistance of seed so that sunflower is not
Easily lodging, output increased；And to edible sunflower, each period closes according to the law of needing the water of the edible sunflower present invention
Manage drip irrigation to irrigate, and edible sunflower is preferably promoted supplemented with the nutriment needed for various growths while pouring water
Promote pollen germination and pollen tube growth, promote plant speed to grow, promote sunflower pollination solid, and then improve food
With the setting percentage of sunflower.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage, comprises the following steps：
1. selection of land and site preparation：Sand ground is selected, preceding crop is cotton, and preceding crop is deep ploughed in time after harvesting, 20 lis of depth
Rice, with reference to deep ploughing, by weight 3:1:4.3:2:6.8:7.3:10 ratio applies Trifolium repense, illite powder, green peel of walnut, ammonia
Base acid chelate, cottonseed cake, soy sauce residues, seed oil slag is harvested, broadcast preceding shallow plowing, 13-17 centimetres of depth applies high-quality agriculture with reference to ploughing shallowly every mu
2000 kilograms of family's fertilizer, 1 kilogram of barley seedling dry powder, 30 kilograms of powdery shrimp shell；A kind of farm tools is thin after ploughing, and pours permeable, and it is 5cm's to cover a layer thickness
One layer of black film is covered again in quick lime, lime surface；
2. seed treatment:Good quality and high output kind is selected, seed quality requires purity 99%, cleanliness 99.5%, germination percentage
More than 96%, edible sunflower seed of the moisture below 10% is sowed first 7 days, sunflower seeds is distilled with 18 DEG C of artemisia annuas
Water extract soaks 3-5h, and taking-up drains away the water, then that seed is placed in into seed soaking 2 in shield shell 60 times of dilutions of mould solid fermentation thing is small
When, by carbendazim and vermiculite power according to 1:2 ratios are mixed mixes thoroughly with the sunflower seeds blending after seed soaking, mixes and is exposed to the sun 2 days, standby
Broadcast；
3. sow:Late March is to mid-April, using bunch planting, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 55cm, seed level 3-4cm, the amount of broadcasting 8kg/
hm2, seed level 3cm, 2.5 hundred million plants/hm of density2；It is with 10 times of dilution sprinkling fine sand to water content of leaf of canada potato extract after broadcasting
60% is covered at pocket, and cladding thickness is 3cm, then covers one layer of black film；
4. precision management
A, tillage and weeding:Seedling stage is intertilled 2-3 times, and final singling carries out tillage and weeding between the 1st combination, and then seedling sprinkling is asked
Chaste tree infusion, 50-60 centimetres of height of seedling, second of tillage and weeding；
B, the rational application of fertilizer:The edible sunflower time of infertility typically topdresses 2 times；For the first time before buddingging, with reference to third time
Intertillage, trench digging presses 5:3:1.1:2.5 weight ratios are mixed into urea+urea+potassium sulfate+leaf mould+molasses fermented liquid and impose 20kg/
666.7m2；Carried out for the second time in florescence, by 4:1:2.2:1.5 weight ratios impose urea+ammonium nitrate+calcium chloride+boric acid and imposed
10kg/666.7m2；Pustulation period sprays 0.5% calcium salicylate solution 1 time, each consumption 150kg/666.7m2；
C, rationally pour water：Irrigated using drip irrigation, water of being gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles when buddingging, every mu is applied 150ml concentration for 0.1%H with water droplet3BO4
The aqueous solution；Come into bloom and pour two water, every mu is applied 100ml concentration for the 0.5% brown alga oligose aqueous solution with water droplet；Peak period of blooming pours
Three water, every mu is applied 120ml concentration for the 10% vitamin C aqueous solution with water droplet；Pustulation period pours the 4th water, by 0.1% triazolone+
0.2% paclobutrazol is by weight 1:1 mixing, every mu is applied 120ml with water droplet；
5. integrated pest prevention and control:The main diseases and insect pests of edible sunflower have sclerotiniose and the sunflower moth of sunflower；
B, sunflower moth are caused harm initial stage in larva, by weight 1.5:1：1 by 20% kill chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times of liquid+
90% 1000 times of metrifonate, 50 times of liquid+dandelion extract liquid mixed atomizing is prevented and treated, each floral disc spraying liquid 40mL, every 5d sprays
1 time, even spray 2 times；Adult full incidence period at the beginning of 7 the end of month to August, can be by weight 1:1.5：1 ratio by 10% DDT EC+
2.5% 1500 times of deltamethrin milk oil, 100 times of liquid+coptis extract liquid mixing fog machine is to field spray 150mL/hm21
It is secondary；
B, sclerotium blight of sunflower are in florescence by weight 1.5:1:2：1 by 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000
Times liquid+or 800 times of 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of the mancozeb wettable powder of liquid+70% liquid+flue-cured tobacco alcohol extracts from the leaves
30 times of liquid mixing sprinkling plant bottoms and floral disc back side l time, often minor tick 7d；
6. artificial pollination：Bloom and the 1st artificial pollination carried out after 2-3d, pollinate 1 time, can be awarded 2-3 times every 3-4d later,
Time is generally 8：When 00.
Result of implementation shows, compared with general planting method, and the cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention 2 causes edible sunflower
Diseases and insect pests resistance enhancing, plant strain growth speed are fast, are difficult lodging, and full grains, yield is high.It is experimentally confirmed that the present embodiment kind
The sunflower setting percentage of plant reaches 91.5%, and yield improves 24.8% compared to general planting method, and economic benefit is objective.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage, comprises the following steps：
1. selection of land and site preparation：Sand ground is selected, preceding crop is cotton, and preceding crop is deep ploughed in time after harvesting, 25 lis of depth
Rice, with reference to deep ploughing, by weight 3:1:4.3:2:6.8:7.3:10 ratio applies Trifolium repense, illite powder, green peel of walnut, ammonia
Base acid chelate, cottonseed cake, soy sauce residues, seed oil slag is harvested, broadcast preceding shallow plowing, 13-17 centimetres of depth applies high-quality agriculture with reference to ploughing shallowly every mu
2000 kilograms of family's fertilizer, 1 kilogram of barley seedling dry powder, 50 kilograms of powdery shrimp shell；A kind of farm tools is thin after ploughing, and pours permeable, and it is 5cm's to cover a layer thickness
One layer of black film is covered again in quick lime, lime surface；
2. seed treatment:Good quality and high output kind is selected, seed quality requires purity 99%, cleanliness 99.5%, germination percentage
More than 96%, edible sunflower seed of the moisture below 10% is sowed first 10 days, sunflower seeds is distilled with 18 DEG C of artemisia annuas
Water extract soaks 5h, and taking-up drains away the water, then that seed is placed in into seed soaking 3 in shield shell 60 times of dilutions of mould solid fermentation thing is small
When, by carbendazim and vermiculite power according to 1:2 ratios are mixed mixes thoroughly with the sunflower seeds blending after seed soaking, mixes and is exposed to the sun 3 days, standby
Broadcast；
3. sow:Late March is to mid-April, using bunch planting, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, seed level 4cm, the amount of broadcasting 10kg/
hm2, seed level 5cm, 3.0 ten thousand plants/hm of density2.It is with 10 times of dilution sprinkling fine sand to water content of leaf of canada potato extract after broadcasting
60% is covered at pocket, and cladding thickness is 5cm, then covers one layer of black film；
4. precision management
A, tillage and weeding:Seedling stage intertills 3 times, and final singling carries out tillage and weeding between the 1st combination, then sprays meadow pine to seedling
Infusion, 60 centimetres of height of seedling, second of tillage and weeding；
B, the rational application of fertilizer:The edible sunflower time of infertility typically topdresses 2 times；For the first time before buddingging, with reference to third time
Intertillage, trench digging presses 5:3:1.1:2.5 weight ratios are mixed into urea+potassium sulfate+leaf mould+molasses fermented liquid and impose 40kg/
666.7m2；Carried out for the second time in florescence, by 4:1:2.2:1.5 weight ratios impose urea+ammonium nitrate+calcium chloride+boric acid and imposed
10-15kg/666.7m2；Pustulation period sprays 0.5% calcium salicylate solution 2 times, each consumption 200kg/666.7m2；
C, rationally pour water：Irrigated using drip irrigation, water of being gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles when buddingging, every mu is applied 200ml concentration for 0.1%H with water droplet3BO4
The aqueous solution, is come into bloom and pours two water, and every mu is applied 120ml concentration for the 0.5% brown alga oligose aqueous solution with water droplet；Peak period of blooming pours
Three water, every mu is applied 120-150ml concentration for the 10% vitamin C aqueous solution with water droplet；Pustulation period pours the 4th water, by 0.1% triazole
The paclobutrazol of ketone+0.2% is by weight 1:1 mixing, every mu is applied 150ml with water droplet；
5. integrated pest prevention and control:The main diseases and insect pests of edible sunflower have sclerotiniose and the sunflower moth of sunflower；
C, sunflower moth are caused harm initial stage in larva, by weight 1.5:1：1 by 20% kill chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times of liquid+
90% 1000 times of metrifonate, 50 times of liquid+dandelion extract liquid mixed atomizing is prevented and treated, each floral disc spraying liquid 50mL, every 7d sprays
1 time, even spray 3 times；Adult full incidence period at the beginning of 7 the end of month to August, can be by weight 1:1.5：1 ratio by 10% DDT EC+
2.5% 1500 times of deltamethrin milk oil, 100 times of liquid+coptis extract liquid mixing fog machine is to field spray 225mL/hm21-2
It is secondary；
B, sclerotium blight of sunflower are in florescence by weight 1.5:1:2：1 by 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000
Times liquid+or 800 times of 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of the mancozeb wettable powder of liquid+70% liquid+flue-cured tobacco alcohol extracts from the leaves
30 times of liquid mixing sprinkling plant bottoms and the floral disc back side 2 times, per minor tick 7d；
6. artificial pollination：Bloom and the 1st artificial pollination carried out after 2-3d, pollinate 1 time, can be awarded 2-3 times every 3-4d later,
Time is generally 11：When 00.
Result of implementation shows, compared with general planting method, and the cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention 2 causes edible sunflower
Diseases and insect pests resistance enhancing, plant strain growth speed are fast, are difficult lodging, and full grains, yield is high.It is experimentally confirmed that the present embodiment kind
The sunflower setting percentage of plant reaches 93.1%, and yield improves 25.6% compared to general planting method, and economic benefit is objective.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage, comprises the following steps：
1. selection of land and site preparation：Sand ground is selected, preceding crop is cotton, and preceding crop is deep ploughed in time after harvesting, depth 20-25
Centimetre, with reference to deep ploughing, by weight 3:1:4.3:2:6.8:7.3:10 ratio apply Trifolium repense, illite powder, green peel of walnut,
Amino-acid chelate, cottonseed cake, soy sauce residues, seed oil slag is harvested, broadcast preceding shallow plowing, 13-17 centimetres of depth applies high-quality with reference to ploughing shallowly every mu
2000 kilograms of farm manure, 1 kilogram of barley seedling dry powder, 40 kilograms of powdery shrimp shell；A kind of farm tools is thin after ploughing, and pours permeable, covers a layer thickness for 5cm
Quick lime, one layer of black film is covered on lime surface again；
2. seed treatment:Good quality and high output kind is selected, seed quality requires purity 99%, cleanliness 99.5%, germination percentage
More than 96%, edible sunflower seed of the moisture below 10% is sowed first 9 days, sunflower seeds is distilled with 18 DEG C of artemisia annuas
Water extract soaks 4h, and taking-up drains away the water, then that seed is placed in into seed soaking 2.5 in shield shell 60 times of dilutions of mould solid fermentation thing is small
When, by carbendazim and vermiculite power according to 1:2 ratios are mixed mixes thoroughly with the sunflower seeds blending after seed soaking, mixes and is exposed to the sun 2.5 days,
It is standby to broadcast；
3. sow:Late March is to mid-April, using bunch planting, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 58cm, seed level 3.5cm, the amount of broadcasting 9kg/
hm2, seed level 4cm, 2.8 ten thousand plants/hm of density2.It is with 10 times of dilution sprinkling fine sand to water content of leaf of canada potato extract after broadcasting
60% is covered at pocket, and cladding thickness is 4cm, then covers one layer of black film；
4. precision management
A, tillage and weeding:Seedling stage intertills 2 times, and final singling carries out tillage and weeding between the 1st combination, then sprays meadow pine to seedling
Infusion, 55 centimetres of height of seedling, second of tillage and weeding；
B, the rational application of fertilizer:The edible sunflower time of infertility typically topdresses 2 times；For the first time before buddingging, with reference to third time
Intertillage, trench digging presses 5:3:1.1:2.5 weight ratios are mixed into urea+potassium sulfate+leaf mould+molasses fermented liquid and impose 30kg/
666.7m2；Carried out for the second time in florescence, by 4:1:2.2:1.5 weight ratios impose urea+ammonium nitrate+calcium chloride+boric acid and imposed
10-15kg/666.7m2；Pustulation period sprays 0.5% calcium salicylate solution 2 times, each consumption 180kg/666.7m2；
C, rationally pour water：Irrigated using drip irrigation, water of being gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles when buddingging, every mu is applied 180ml concentration for 0.1%H with water droplet3BO4
The aqueous solution；Come into bloom and pour two water, every mu is applied 110ml concentration for the 0.5% brown alga oligose aqueous solution with water droplet；Peak period of blooming pours
Three water, every mu is applied 130ml concentration for the 10% vitamin C aqueous solution with water droplet；Pustulation period pours the 4th water, by 0.1% triazolone+
0.2% paclobutrazol is by weight 1:1 mixing, every mu is applied 130ml with water droplet；
5. integrated pest prevention and control:The main diseases and insect pests of edible sunflower have sclerotiniose and the sunflower moth of sunflower；
D, sunflower moth are caused harm initial stage in larva, by weight 1.5:1：1 by 20% kill chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times of liquid+
90% 1000 times of metrifonate, 50 times of liquid+dandelion extract liquid mixed atomizing is prevented and treated, each floral disc spraying liquid 45mL, every 6d sprays
1 time, even spray 3 times；Adult full incidence period at the beginning of 7 the end of month to August, can be by weight 1:1.5：1 ratio by 10% DDT EC+
2.5% 1500 times of deltamethrin milk oil, 100 times of liquid+coptis extract liquid mixing fog machine is to field spray 220mL/hm22
It is secondary；
B, sclerotium blight of sunflower are in florescence by weight 1.5:1:2：1 by 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000
Times liquid+or 800 times of 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of the mancozeb wettable powder of liquid+70% liquid+flue-cured tobacco alcohol extracts from the leaves
30 times of liquid mixing sprinkling plant bottoms and the floral disc back side 2 times, per minor tick 7d；
6. artificial pollination：Bloom and the 1st artificial pollination carried out after 2-3d, pollinate 1 time, can be awarded 2-3 times every 3-4d later,
Time is generally 10：When 00.
Result of implementation shows, compared with general planting method, and the cultural method of the embodiment of the present invention 3 causes edible sunflower
Diseases and insect pests resistance enhancing, plant strain growth speed are fast, are difficult lodging, and full grains, yield is high.It is experimentally confirmed that the present embodiment kind
The sunflower setting percentage of plant reaches 95%, and yield improves 28% compared to general planting method, and economic benefit is objective.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1. selection of land and site preparation：Sand ground is selected, preceding crop is cotton, and preceding crop is deep ploughed in time after harvesting, 20-25 lis of depth
Rice, with reference to deep ploughing, by weight 3:1:4.3:2:6.8:7.3:10 ratio applies Trifolium repense, illite powder, green peel of walnut, ammonia
Base acid chelate, cottonseed cake, soy sauce residues, seed oil slag is harvested, broadcast preceding shallow plowing, 13-17 centimetres of depth applies high-quality agriculture with reference to ploughing shallowly every mu
2000-3500 kilograms of family's fertilizer, 1-1.5 kilograms of barley seedling dry powder, 30-50 kilograms of powdery shrimp shell；A kind of farm tools is thin after ploughing, and pours permeable, covers one
Thickness degree is 5cm quick lime, and one layer of black film is covered on lime surface again；
2. seed treatment:Select good quality and high output kind, seed quality require purity 99%, cleanliness 99.5%, germination percentage 96% with
On, sunflower seeds 7-10 days before sowing, are distilled water logging by edible sunflower seed of the moisture below 10% with 18 DEG C of artemisia annuas
Extract soaks 3-5h, and taking-up drains away the water, then that seed is placed in shield shell 60 times of dilutions of mould solid fermentation thing into the 2-3 that soaks seed is small
When, by carbendazim and vermiculite power according to 1:2 ratios are mixed mixes thoroughly with the sunflower seeds blending after seed soaking, mixes and is exposed to the sun 2-3 days,
It is standby to broadcast；
3. sow:Late March is to mid-April, using bunch planting, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 55-60cm, seed level 3-4cm, the amount of broadcasting 8-
10kg/hm2, seed level 3-5cm, 2.5 ten thousand -3.0 ten thousand plants/hm of density2；It is thin with the 10 times of dilution sprinklings of leaf of canada potato extract after broadcasting
Husky to be covered in water content for 60% at pocket, cladding thickness is 3-5cm, then covers one layer of black film；
4. precision management
A, tillage and weeding:Seedling stage intertills 2-3 times, and final singling carries out tillage and weeding between the 1st combination, then sprays meadow pine water to seedling
Immersion liquid, 50-60 centimetres of height of seedling, second of tillage and weeding；
B, the rational application of fertilizer:The edible sunflower time of infertility typically topdresses 2 times；For the first time before buddingging, intertilled with reference to third time,
Trench digging presses 5:3:1.1:2.5 weight ratios are mixed into urea+potassium sulfate+leaf mould+molasses fermented liquid and impose 20-40kg/666.7m2；
Carried out for the second time in florescence, by 4:1:2.2:1.5 weight ratios impose urea+ammonium nitrate+calcium chloride+boric acid and impose 10-15kg/
666.7m2；Pustulation period sprays 0.5% calcium salicylate solution 1-2 times, each consumption 150-200kg/666.7m2；
C, rationally pour water：Irrigated using drip irrigation, water of being gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles when buddingging, every mu is applied 150-200ml concentration for 0.1%H with water droplet3BO4
The aqueous solution, is come into bloom and pours two water, and every mu is applied 100-120ml concentration for the 0.5% brown alga oligose aqueous solution with water droplet；Bloom peak period
The 3rd water is poured, every mu is applied 120-150ml concentration for the 10% vitamin C aqueous solution with water droplet；Pustulation period pours the 4th water, by 0.1%
The paclobutrazol of triazolone+0.2% is by weight 1:1 mixing, every mu is applied 120-150ml with water droplet；
5. integrated pest prevention and control:The main diseases and insect pests of edible sunflower have sclerotiniose and the sunflower moth of sunflower；
A, sunflower moth are caused harm initial stage in larva, by weight 1.5:1：1 kills 1500 times of liquid+90% of chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate by 20% opposes
Hundred 1000 times of worm, 50 times of liquid+dandelion extract liquid mixed atomizings are prevented and treated, each floral disc spraying liquid 40-50mL, and 1 is sprayed every 5-7d
It is secondary, even spray 2-3 times；Adult full incidence period at the beginning of 7 the end of month to August, can be by weight 1:1.5：1 ratio by 10% DDT EC+
2.5% 1500 times of deltamethrin milk oil, 100 times of liquid+coptis extract liquid mixing fog machine is to field spray 150-225mL/
hm21-2 times；
B, sclerotium blight of sunflower are in florescence by weight 1.5:1:2：1 by 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid
+ or 800 times of 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of the mancozeb wettable powder of liquid+70% liquid+30 times of flue-cured tobacco alcohol extracts from the leaves
Liquid mixing sprinkling plant bottom and floral disc back side l-2 time, often minor tick 7d；
6. artificial pollination：Bloom and the 1st artificial pollination is carried out after 2-3d, pollinate 1 time, can award 2-3 times, the time every 3-4d later
Generally 8：00—11：When 00.
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