CN106797796A - Edible sunflower cultivation technique - Google Patents
Edible sunflower cultivation technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN106797796A CN106797796A CN201710145706.0A CN201710145706A CN106797796A CN 106797796 A CN106797796 A CN 106797796A CN 201710145706 A CN201710145706 A CN 201710145706A CN 106797796 A CN106797796 A CN 106797796A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses edible sunflower cultivation technique, belong to sunflower technical field of cultivation;Selection of land, sunflower has the characteristic of the resistance to lean Salt And Alkali Tolerance of drought resisting, and general arable land and wasteland can plant;Site preparation, sunflower is deep root system crop, and the ground for planting sunflower should be deep ploughed with large and middle tractor in the fall;Sowing, sunflower typically when 10 cm layer of soil temperature reach 8-10 DEG C in continuous 5 days can sowing, Suitable Sowing Period is early or mid April;Using plastic film mulch ridge kind;Fertilising:Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers belongs to medium to the demand of nitrogenous-phosphatic manure, consumes larger to potash fertilizer, then more sensitive to zinc fertilizer;Water;Look into seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning final singling;Tillage and weeding;Draw honeybee pollination;Disease control;Its technological design rationally, solves the problems, such as that edible sunflower kind easily lodges, disease resistance is weak, setting percentage is low, commodity is poor, yield is not high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sunflower technical field of cultivation, and in particular to edible sunflower cultivation technique.
Background technology
Sunflower(Scientific name:Helianthus annuus)Alias heronsbill, is the plant of composite family Helianthus.Sunflower
It is annual herb, high 1 ~ 3 meter, stem is upright, sturdy, circular multi-angular, by white thick and stiff hair, property happiness is rotated because of inflorescence with the sun
And gain the name.Sunflower flower language is to admire fondly, brilliant, supercilious meaning, admire, agaze you.It is warm, it is drought-enduring, fruit sunflower seeds can be produced.
North America is originated in, there is cultivation all over the world.
With the raising of China's edible sunflower level of consumption, the requirement to high-quality, the edible sunflower kind of high yield is carried
It is high.Regenerated to accelerate Cultivar replacing, it is necessary to solve that edible sunflower kind easily lodges, disease resistance is weak, setting percentage is low, commodity
Difference, yield problem not high.
The content of the invention
Regarding to the issue above, to be to provide a kind of yielding ability, resistance, economic characters excellent for the technical problem to be solved in the present invention
Good edible sunflower cultivation technique.
Edible sunflower cultivation technique of the invention, it is comprised the steps of:
1st, selection of land, sunflower has the characteristic of the resistance to lean Salt And Alkali Tolerance of drought resisting, and general arable land and wasteland can plant, but saline and alkaline overweight, wind
Husky excessive, sand bed is blocked up or pika does harm to serious plot and should not plant, the unsuitable continuous cropping of sunflower, using carry out the wheel of 3-4 as
Preferably, preceding crop is preferably melon, wheat, cotton, beans etc.;
2nd, site preparation, sunflower is deep root system crop, and the ground for planting sunflower should be deep ploughed with large and middle tractor in the fall, and spring pours peace
Water is planted, preceding shallow plowing is broadcast, rake a kind of farm tools is smooth;
3rd, sow, sunflower typically when 10 cm layer of soil temperature reach 8-10 DEG C in continuous 5 days can sowing, suitably sow
Phase is the first tenday period of a month in 4 months;Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plantation can also be planted preferably single on field bund and bank;Sowing typically uses corn
Dibbler program request, it is also possible to which hoe is ditched or scoop program request, and depth of planting is with 2-3 centimetres;
4th, using plastic film mulch ridge kind:80 centimetres of row spacing, 50 centimetres of furrow width, per the row of film kind 2,50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu is kept a full stand of seedings
2000 plants;
5th, apply fertilizer:Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers belongs to medium to the demand of nitrogenous-phosphatic manure, consumes larger to potash fertilizer, then more sensitive to zinc fertilizer;Preceding mu is broadcast to apply
4000 kilograms of farm manure, it is public that mu applies 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 10 kilograms of urea, 2 kilograms of zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate 10
Jin makees base fertilizer;Topdress typically at twice, sunflower squaring period combines water mu of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles and imposes 10 kilograms of urea, and florescence chases after 10 again
Kilogram;
6th, water:Sunflower belongs to more drought-enduring crop, and irrigation times are not required to too much, are typically gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles when the first tenday period of a month in June, sunflower buddingged
Water, comes into bloom and pours two water, and peak period of blooming pours three water, and the pustulation period pours four water, and whole breeding time waters four times, and the later stage pours water
It should be noted that it is windproof, in order to avoid lodging;
7th, look into seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning final singling:Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges for after planting general 10 days or so, looks into seedling in time after emerging and fills a vacancy, and fills the gaps with seedlings
When must use original seed, 10-15 days after emerging, timely thinning, final singling, reach " chi a brood of, a brood of one plant ";
8th, tillage and weeding:Seedling stage should in time intertill temperature raising, soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil, and mitigate the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, in 30 centimetres of plant height, be removed
Grass, and according to circumstances pour water in good time;
9th, honeybee pollination is drawn:Sunflower is xenogamy crop, is pollinated mainly by insects, therefore should draw honeybee near sunflower field and awarded
Powder, 10 mu of ground at least need a hive bee, if without bee colony, using artificial supplementary pollination, method is by two neighboring certain herbaceous plants with big flowers in florescence
Fresh idea is to clapping, it is also possible to which small plank is stained with sponge(Or cotton)Clap and touch floral disc of blooming;Artificial pollination should be firm in non-irrigated morning dew
Do to before when 11 preferably, should be spaced 2-3 days is carried out once, carry out altogether 3 times;
10th, disease control:Seedling stage downy mildew:Show as sunflower and occur when there are 2-3 pairs of true leaves front vein chlorisis, patch, the back of the body
There is the white knitting wool mould layer of shape in face, and section contracts, strain is short, stem is thicker;Can be prevented and treated with 500-700 times of liquid of metalaxyl, it is also possible to
10% " shuang xiao ling " aqua is prevented and treated;Sclerotiniose:Also known as disk maize ear rot, rotten head disease, continuous cropping does not rotate crops and easily occurs.
Preferably, can also spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Gao Meishi, spraying conerete in sunflower growth period in described fertilising step
Deng plant growth regulator, obvious effect of increasing production.
Preferably, prevention and treatment method is in described disease control:One is sowing date for early sowing;With gramineous crop crop rotation
(More than 3 years);Diseased plant is removed, is burnt buried;Two is medical treatment, florescence morbidity with 40% dimethachlon, 1000 times of liquid or
50% 1000 times of carbendazim liquid, sprays 1-2 times.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:Rationally, edible sunflower kind easily lodges, disease resistance is weak for solution, knot for its technological design
The problem that real rate is low, commodity is poor, yield is not high, according to market needs, filters out suitable area edible sunflower main producing region kind
Plant, the excellent edible sunflower new varieties of yielding ability, resistance, economic characters, be local and periphery to substitute original old kind
Or even identical ecological playground establishing in large scale provides improved seeds outside the province.
Specific embodiment:
This specific embodiment uses following technical scheme:It is comprised the steps of:
1st, selection of land, sunflower has the characteristic of the resistance to lean Salt And Alkali Tolerance of drought resisting, and general arable land and wasteland can plant, but saline and alkaline overweight, wind
Husky excessive, sand bed is blocked up or pika does harm to serious plot and should not plant, the unsuitable continuous cropping of sunflower, using carry out the wheel of 3-4 as
Preferably, preceding crop is preferably melon, wheat, cotton, beans etc.;
2nd, site preparation, sunflower is deep root system crop, and the ground for planting sunflower should be deep ploughed with large and middle tractor in the fall, and spring pours peace
Water is planted, preceding shallow plowing is broadcast, rake a kind of farm tools is smooth;
3rd, sow, sunflower typically when 10 cm layer of soil temperature reach 8-10 DEG C in continuous 5 days can sowing, suitably sow
Phase is the first tenday period of a month in 4 months;Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plantation can also be planted preferably single on field bund and bank;Sowing typically uses corn
Dibbler program request, it is also possible to which hoe is ditched or scoop program request, and depth of planting is with 2-3 centimetres;
4th, using plastic film mulch ridge kind:80 centimetres of row spacing, 50 centimetres of furrow width, per the row of film kind 2,50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu is kept a full stand of seedings
2000 plants;
5th, apply fertilizer:Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers belongs to medium to the demand of nitrogenous-phosphatic manure, consumes larger to potash fertilizer, then more sensitive to zinc fertilizer;Preceding mu is broadcast to apply
4000 kilograms of farm manure, it is public that mu applies 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 10 kilograms of urea, 2 kilograms of zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate 10
Jin makees base fertilizer;Topdress typically at twice, sunflower squaring period combines water mu of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles and imposes 10 kilograms of urea, and florescence chases after 10 again
Kilogram;
6th, water:Sunflower belongs to more drought-enduring crop, and irrigation times are not required to too much, are typically gravied with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles when the first tenday period of a month in June, sunflower buddingged
Water, comes into bloom and pours two water, and peak period of blooming pours three water, and the pustulation period pours four water, and whole breeding time waters four times, and the later stage pours water
It should be noted that it is windproof, in order to avoid lodging;
7th, look into seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning final singling:Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges for after planting general 10 days or so, looks into seedling in time after emerging and fills a vacancy, and fills the gaps with seedlings
When must use original seed, 10-15 days after emerging, timely thinning, final singling, reach " chi a brood of, a brood of one plant ";
8th, tillage and weeding:Seedling stage should in time intertill temperature raising, soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil, and mitigate the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, in 30 centimetres of plant height, be removed
Grass, and according to circumstances pour water in good time;
9th, honeybee pollination is drawn:Sunflower is xenogamy crop, is pollinated mainly by insects, therefore should draw honeybee near sunflower field and awarded
Powder, 10 mu of ground at least need a hive bee, if without bee colony, using artificial supplementary pollination, method is by two neighboring certain herbaceous plants with big flowers in florescence
Fresh idea is to clapping, it is also possible to which small plank is stained with sponge(Or cotton)Clap and touch floral disc of blooming;Artificial pollination should be firm in non-irrigated morning dew
Do to before when 11 preferably, should be spaced 2-3 days is carried out once, carry out altogether 3 times;
10th, disease control:Seedling stage downy mildew:Show as sunflower and occur when there are 2-3 pairs of true leaves front vein chlorisis, patch, the back of the body
There is the white knitting wool mould layer of shape in face, and section contracts, strain is short, stem is thicker;Can be prevented and treated with 500-700 times of liquid of metalaxyl, it is also possible to
10% " shuang xiao ling " aqua is prevented and treated;Sclerotiniose:Also known as disk maize ear rot, rotten head disease, continuous cropping does not rotate crops and easily occurs.
Preferably, can also spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Gao Meishi, spraying conerete in sunflower growth period in described fertilising step
Deng plant growth regulator, obvious effect of increasing production.
Preferably, prevention and treatment method is in described disease control:One is sowing date for early sowing;With gramineous crop crop rotation
(More than 3 years);Diseased plant is removed, is burnt buried;Two is medical treatment, florescence morbidity with 40% dimethachlon, 1000 times of liquid or
50% 1000 times of carbendazim liquid, sprays 1-2 times.
A group tested varieties in 2014 annual Gansu Province edible sunflower multiple spot regional testing final reports(Combination)Occupy
1.In the whole province 6 participates in the experiment a little, and compare(LD5009)Compare, averagely equivalent per mu yield is 268.55 kg, average relatively to compare
Volume increase 18.8%.
In 2015 annual Gansu Province's edible sunflower multiple spot regional testing final reports, occupied in the whole province 6 participates in the experiment a little
1st.With compare(LD5009)Compare, averagely equivalent per mu yield is 261.07 kg, average relatively control volume increase 22.05%.
Result above shows that the kind shows good stability in experiment over the years, and volume increase is shown from the data of experiment
Substantially, strong adaptability, shows economic character outstanding from data analysis.
Rationally, edible sunflower kind easily lodges the technological design of this specific embodiment, disease resistance is weak, setting percentage for solution
The problem that low, commodity is poor, yield is not high, according to market needs, filters out the plantation of suitable area edible sunflower main producing region, rich
The excellent edible sunflower new varieties of producing property, resistance, economic characters, to substitute original old kind, be local and periphery or even
Identical ecological playground establishing in large scale provides improved seeds outside the province.
General principle of the invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.The skill of the industry
Art personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification
Principle of the invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these
Changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and
Its equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. edible sunflower cultivation technique, it is characterised in that it is comprised the steps of:
(1), selection of land, sunflower has the characteristic of the resistance to lean Salt And Alkali Tolerance of drought resisting, and general arable land and wasteland can plant, but it is saline and alkaline it is overweight,
Dust storm is excessive, sand bed is blocked up or pika does harm to serious plot and should not plant, the unsuitable continuous cropping of sunflower, using carry out the wheel of 3-4 as
Preferably, preceding crop is preferably melon, wheat, cotton, beans etc.;
(2), site preparation, sunflower is deep root system crop, and the ground for planting sunflower should be deep ploughed with large and middle tractor in the fall, and spring pours
Peace kind water, broadcasts preceding shallow plowing, and rake a kind of farm tools is smooth;
(3), sowing, sunflower typically when 10 cm layer of soil temperature reach 8-10 DEG C in continuous 5 days can sowing, suitably broadcast
The phase of kind is early or mid April;Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plantation can also be planted preferably single on field bund and bank;Sowing typically uses corn
Dibbler program request, it is also possible to which hoe is ditched or scoop program request, and depth of planting is with 2-3 centimetres;
(4), using plastic film mulch ridge kind:80 centimetres of row spacing, 50 centimetres of furrow width, per the row of film kind 2,50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, mu is kept a full stand of seedings 2000 plants;
(5), fertilising:Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers belongs to medium to the demand of nitrogenous-phosphatic manure, consumes larger to potash fertilizer, then more sensitive to zinc fertilizer;Broadcast preceding mu
4000 kilograms of farm manure is applied, mu applies 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 10 kilograms of urea, 2 kilograms of zinc sulfate, 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate and does bottom
Fertilizer;Topdress typically at twice, sunflower squaring period combines water mu of gravying with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles and imposes 10 kilograms of urea, and florescence chases after 10 kilograms again;
(6), water:Sunflower belongs to more drought-enduring crop, and irrigation times are not required to too much, are typically poured when the first tenday period of a month in June, sunflower buddingged
Head water, comes into bloom and pours two water, and peak period of blooming pours three water, and the pustulation period pours four water, and whole breeding time waters four times, and the later stage fills
Water should be noted that it is windproof, so as not to lodging;
(7), look into seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning final singling:Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges for after planting general 10 days or so, looks into seedling in time after emerging and fills a vacancy, and fills the gaps with seedlings
When must use original seed, 10-15 days after emerging, timely thinning, final singling, reach " chi a brood of, a brood of one plant ";
(8), tillage and weeding:Seedling stage should in time intertill temperature raising, soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil, and mitigate the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, in 30 centimetres of plant height, carry out
Weeding, and according to circumstances pour water in good time;
(9), draw honeybee pollination:Sunflower is xenogamy crop, mainly by insects pollination, therefore should draw honeybee near sunflower field
Pollination, 10 mu of ground at least need a hive bee, if without bee colony, using artificial supplementary pollination, method is will be two neighboring in florescence
Sunflower head is to clapping, it is also possible to which small plank is stained with sponge(Or cotton)Clap and touch floral disc of blooming;Artificial pollination should be in non-irrigated morning dew
Just do to before when 11 preferably, should be spaced 2-3 days is carried out once, is carried out altogether 3 times;
(10), disease control:Seedling stage downy mildew:Show as sunflower and occur when there are 2-3 pairs of true leaves front vein chlorisis, patch, the back of the body
There is the white knitting wool mould layer of shape in face, and section contracts, strain is short, stem is thicker;Can be prevented and treated with 500-700 times of liquid of metalaxyl, it is also possible to
10% " shuang xiao ling " aqua is prevented and treated;Sclerotiniose:Also known as disk maize ear rot, rotten head disease, continuous cropping does not rotate crops and easily occurs.
2. edible sunflower cultivation technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in sunflower in described fertilising step
Growth period can also spray the plant growth regulator such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Gao Meishi, spraying conerete, obvious effect of increasing production.
3. edible sunflower cultivation technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that prevent in described disease control step
Controlling method is:One is sowing date for early sowing;With gramineous crop crop rotation;Diseased plant is removed, is burnt buried;Two is medical treatment, flower
Phase morbidity 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethachlon, 1000 times of liquid or 50% carbendazim, spray 1-2 times.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107318539A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-07 | 民勤县泽农种业有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage |
CN107517688A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-29 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of sunflower |
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CN102870577A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-16 | 镇江市丹徒区绿业生态农业有限公司 | Cultivation method of sunflower |
CN104488525A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-04-08 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Culture method of confectionary sunflower |
CN104641871A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-05-27 | 重庆茂升林业开发有限公司 | High-yield sunflower planting method |
CN105532207A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-04 | 李威 | Sunflower high-yield plantation method |
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2017
- 2017-03-13 CN CN201710145706.0A patent/CN106797796A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102870577A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-01-16 | 镇江市丹徒区绿业生态农业有限公司 | Cultivation method of sunflower |
CN105532207A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-04 | 李威 | Sunflower high-yield plantation method |
CN104641871A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-05-27 | 重庆茂升林业开发有限公司 | High-yield sunflower planting method |
CN104488525A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-04-08 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Culture method of confectionary sunflower |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107318539A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-07 | 民勤县泽农种业有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method for improving edible sunflower setting percentage |
CN107517688A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-29 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of sunflower |
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