A kind of wheat high-yield cultivation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wheat cultivating method, more particularly to a kind of wheat high-yield cultivation method.
Background technology
The wheat cultivation of prior art generally comprises following methods:
1st, breeding is selected
From best in quality, single productive forces are high, strong stress resistance, economic coefficient be high, not early ageing breeding, is advantageously implemented
Yield target more than very heavy.
2nd, fine site preparation, balance fertilizing
2.1 fine site preparations
It is to improve soil texture, strengthens soil water storage soil moisture conservation, carry out that intensive cultivation is carefully whole before broadcasting, turns over 23~25cm, enters
Row tangerine stalk also field, not only strengthens soil fertility, and can break plough sole, reaches deep, thin, saturating, flat, reality, the mark of foot (water)
Standard, i.e. arable layer are deep (20~25cm of nonirrigated farmland, 15~20cm of rice stubble ground), after ploughing rake thin (broken), rake thoroughly, it is leveling, steady and sure, reach
Upper Panasonic is real, retain and conserve soil moisture.
2.2 do furrow trench digging
Ridge is built at base, sets up the facility that wheatland is filled, draining matches, and digs " three ditches " (dead furrow, Yao Gou, head drain), opens
" three ditches " is dredged in time after spring, communicates irrigation canals and ditches, to meet the requirement of filling, draining.
2.3 balance fertilizings
Fertilizer applications are formulated according to Variation of Integrated Soil Fertility situation, based on organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer are combined to be applied,
Improve the content of organic matter in soil, so as to reach the purpose of balance fertilizing.Base manure, organic fertilizer are used sufficient while arable land
30~45t/ hectares, pure N 225.0kg/ hectares, P2O590.0~112.5kg/ hectares, 75.0~112.5kg/ of K20 hectares, it is
The loss of chemical fertilizer loss that winter snows spring rain is caused is reduced, it is to avoid the de- fertilizer early ageing of wheat middle and later periods, after 50% or so chemical nitrogen fertilizer
Divide 2 times during moving on to jointing to booting and impose, so that lysine, protein content are improved in wheat seed.
3rd, optimum period sow in right amount
3.1 Seed Treatments
Dressing seed is carried out before sowing or capsuled seed is directly selected.
3.2 proper seedings
It is nurturing staff, forms the more Wheat Production colony of well developed root system, stem tiller number, makes full use of heat resources,
Proper seeding, so that for improving yield of wheat lays the foundation.General wheat is when field capacity is 70%~80% most beneficial for going out
Seedling.Therefore, when date of seeding, soil moisture content are clashed, suitable moisture in the soil sowing must be accomplished, 3~5d can be broadcast in evening, so that wheat is complete
Seedling.It is general day samming, >=0 DEG C accumulated temperature is respectively 16~17,650 DEG C before the winter when sowing it is optimal, can form 6 in Wintering Period
The heart strong sprout of leaf 1.
3.3 application rates
The application rate of wheat is determined according to Wheat Varieties, sowing time, general semi-winterness, weak winter variety are respectively 10
Month early and middle ten dayses, sow by the end of September, 90~105kg/ of application rate hectares;Weak spring habit, spring varieties are respectively in mid or late October, October
The last ten-days period to early November carries out sowing than convenient, 120~150kg/ of the amount of broadcasting hectares, the amount of broadcasting suitably is increased as date of seeding is postponed.
More than 7500kg/ hectares of high yield field, Basic Seedling can be controlled in 1,800,000~2,250,000 plants/hectare, and sowing can at the beginning of 10 months by the end of September
Drop to 1,500,000~1,800,000 plants/hectare.The large-spike cultivar low for Tiller ears, suitable Basic Seedling 1,950,000~2,700,000 plant/
Hectare.[2]
4th, science field management
4.1 apply fertilizers scientifically and weeding
To prevent disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling, it is ensured that wheat safe overwintering, to be poured water in time, form wheat strong
Root.To make control of weeds effect preferably, chemical weed control can be carried out in mid-January to late Febuary.Mid-February to by the end of February, in 3 months
The last ten-days period impose chemical fertilizer 75~120,120~150kg/ hectare respectively, promote wheat to turn green jointing, improve the tillering capacity of wheat.March
Just to pour water of turning green, middle fertility, the wheatland that colony is on the low side Yu fertility is high, colony is suitable or bigger than normal respectively the jointing stage slightly before or
Jointing initial stage, jointing later stage carry out topdressing and watering.[2]
4.2 chemical regulation lodging-preventions
Wheat lodging is divided into root lodging and stem lodges 2 kinds, typically mainly stem lodging, mainly due to early stage nitrogen application
Amount is larger, causes wheat population excessive, and field closing, ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and the prosperous length of wheat excessive growth, basal internode is long, the later stage
There is strong wind weather wheat easily to lodge.Therefore, in Wheat Production, should be applied fertilizers scientifically according to the fertility state of soil
Water.
4.3 heading and grouting parameter
Wheat heading flowering period (in 4 months, the last ten-days period), is preventing and treating wheat aphid, suction pulp worm, mythimna separata, rust, powdery mildew and red
Viral disease etc., extends wheat growth stage, improves yield, can spray insecticide, continuously uses 1~2 time.Meanwhile, pour water 1~2 time, the
Pour water for 1 time is carried out in first fringe blooming stage, and grain rush grouting is increased to protect flower, the purpose for reach big grain, grain weight, preventing root system early ageing;2nd
Secondary filling wheat yellow water, to keep the skin wet, and for the 2nd batch of crop of replay is cooked early-stage preparations.
5th, harvest in good time
Typically it is mature on the whole in June early and middle ten dayses wheat, is gathered in when the wheat head of whole wheatland 2/3 turns to be yellow, wheat wax ripeness latter stage
It is optimum harvest date.But wheat can not be excessively ripe, in case seed comes off and reduces harvest.Wheat want graded kind carry out single receipts,
Single solarization, single storage, in case variet complexity, reduces the commodity and economic worth of wheat.
Wheat cultivation is carried out using the above method, it is disadvantageous in that, yield is relatively low.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problem of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of wheat high-yield cultivation method, it not only ensure that
The quality of wheat, and the yield of wheat is greatly improved.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of wheat high-yield cultivation method, including deep ploughing, basal dressing, seed dressing, the method for field management,
The method of the deep ploughing is specifically:Machinery deep ploughing, deep ploughing increases tilling depth, and depth is in 20~40cm;
The method of the basal dressing is specifically:Every mu uses ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer, 50 kilograms of consumption;
The method of the seed dressing is specifically:Every mu of 30 milliliters of 10% imidacloprid microcapsule suspending agent of use, 3% Difenoconazole
25 milliliters of suspension seed-coating agent, 30 milliliters of seed dressings of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent of 200,000,000/strain;
The method of the field management specifically includes the method managed before surviving the winter and the method managed after surviving the winter, wherein, institute
Stating the method managed before surviving the winter is:Before winter when temperature is up to 4 DEG C or so, water of surviving the winter is poured, 15~20 days after Wheat Sowing, according to field
Between weeds a situation arises, select suitable medicament to carry out weeding;
It is described survive the winter after manage method specifically include stand up-management method of jointing stage, the management method in boot stage and
Intermediary and later stages management method;
Wherein, it is described stand up-management method of jointing stage is specifically:In initial stage control fertilizer, the control water of turning green, rush is heated by drawing hoe
Enter wheat seedling growth, combined when revealing point to boot leaf after the jointing stage and watered, every mu is the full nutrition fertilizer of 17-17-16+TE using formula
35g;
The management method in the boot stage is specifically:Every mu using formula for the full nutrition fertilizer 35g+ of 17-17-16+TE is pure
30g+25 g/l of gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+80% Tebuconazole 8g of product potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g+ water-soluble boron fertilizers, is carried out
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and the foliar nutrition supplement that increases, regulation wheat growing way;
Described intermediary and later stages management method is specifically:
Every mu is full nutrition fertilizer 70g, sterling potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g, the 80% Tebuconazole 8g of 17-17-16+TE using formula
Carry out integrated control.
The NPK formulas of ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer are 15-25-5.
Stand up-management method of jointing stage also includes that such as cold spell in later spring, the growing way that wheat occurs weakens, blade is withered, jaundice
During symptom, the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 60ml+ formulas that 200,000,000/strain is sprayed in time are the full nutrition fertilizer of 20-20-20+TE
40g。
The beneficial effect brought of technical scheme that the present invention is provided is:
The wheat cultivated by a kind of wheat high-yield cultivation method of the invention, its not only quality keep constant, Er Qieke
Wheat yield 7%~19.1% is improved than conventional cultivation management method, every mu is increased production more than 100 jin.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention will be made into one below
Step ground is described in detail.
Embodiment one
The wheat high-yield cultivation method of the present embodiment includes following:
First, prepare before broadcasting and sow
(1) machinery deep ploughing (fine site preparation, the thin rake of deep ploughing).
Deep ploughing as far as possible increases tilling depth, and 20~30cm is advisable, and this measure is conducive to wheat root to develop;The person of having ready conditions ploughs deeply
40cm, breaks soil plough sole, increases soil layer gas permeability and permeability;The even rake of rake is saturating, upper Panasonic's reality;Clod is smashed, vola is stored
Moisture in the soil, it is even to reach the neat seedling of seedling.
(2) base (bottom) fertilizer is used sufficient.
Every mu is formulated 15-25-5,50 kilograms of consumption using fertilizer specially for wheat ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer NPK.
3rd, dressing seed.
Selected high yield disease-resistant variety, uses every mu of 30 milliliters of 10% imidacloprid microcapsule suspending agent of use, 3% Difenoconazole
25 milliliters of suspension seed-coating agent, 30 milliliters of seed dressings of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent of 200,000,000/strain, lifting germination percentage, Miao Qi, seedling
Strong, root system is prosperous, and effectively prepays the various pest and disease damages of Wheat Seedling, reduces labor.
4th, seeding quality is improved.
The general sowing in early October is advisable, rational close planting during sowing, and with 20~25cm of line-spacing, 3~5cm of depth of planting is
Preferably, the depth is consistent, can make to emerge rapidly, and seedlings are uniform and strong.If sowing time soil moisture content is larger, wheat answers upper seeding.
2nd, managed before surviving the winter
Before winter when temperature is up to 4 DEG C or so, a small amount of water of surviving the winter is poured, to reach water spring in winter use, stabilize ground temperature, prevent freeze injury
And pest and disease damage, passed the winter safely to winter wheat.
15~20 days after Wheat Sowing, according to weeds in field, a situation arises, selects suitable medicament to carry out weeding.
3rd, managed after surviving the winter
(1) stand up-management of jointing stage
In initial stage control fertilizer, the control water of turning green, promotion wheat seedling growth is heated by drawing hoe, make wheat seeding healthy and strong, reduce ineffective tillering, really
Fringe is protected not fall enough.The every mu of use full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formulas 35g that waters is combined when revealing point to boot leaf after the jointing stage to strengthen
Seedling, seedling is carried, be that later stage yield lays the foundation.
During the symptoms such as this period such as cold spell in later spring, the growing way that wheat occurs weakens, blade is withered, jaundice, 200,000,000 are sprayed in time/
The full nutrition fertilizer 20-20-20+TE formulas 40g of strain bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 60ml+, wheat restoration ecosystem is fast, growing way
It is prosperous, robust plant, it is ensured that yield is unaffected.
(2) management in boot stage
Easily there is pest and disease damage in this period, every mu can be used full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formulas 35g+ sterling biphosphates
30g+25 g/l of gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+80% Tebuconazoles 8g of potassium 50g+ water-soluble boron fertilizers carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
And increase foliar nutrition supplement, regulation wheat growing way.
(3) intermediary and later stages management
Every mu of full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE formulas 70g of use, sterling potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50g, 80% Tebuconazole 8g are carried out
Integrated control.Mainly solve wheat later stage nutrient supply balanced sufficient, reduce influence of the disease to yield, improve yield.
Manage wheat according to this programme, its not only quality keep constant, and improve small than conventional cultivation management method
Wheat yield 7%~19.1%, every mu is increased production more than 100 jin.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.